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1. Figurative
Language

2. What is figurative language?
Whenever you describe something by
comparing it with something else,
you are using figurative language.

3. Types of Figurative Language
• Imagery
• Simile
• Metaphor
• Alliteration
• Personification
• Onomatopoeia
• Hyperbole
• Idioms
• Irony
• Euphemism
• Metonymy
• Antithesis
• Apostrophe
• Assonance
• Paradox
• Litotes
• Oxymoron
• Synecdoche
• Symbolism

4. Imagery
• Sight
• Hearing
• Touch
• Taste
• Smell
Language that appeals to the senses.
Descriptions of people or objects
stated in terms of our senses.

6. Simile
Example:
The muscles on his
brawny arms are
strong as iron
bands.
A figure of speech which involves a
direct comparison between two unlike
things, usually with the words like or
as.

7. Simile
as faithful as a dog.
as punctual as a clock.
as ferocious as a tiger.
as big as an elephant.
“Good coffee is like friendship:
rich, warm and strong.”

8. Metaphor
A figure of speech that compares two
unlike things WITHOUT using the words
like or as and states the comparison as
if it were a fact.
•The conductor’s voice was a bass drum echoing
throughout the car.
• You are the light in my life.
• Love is a lie
Examples:

9. Personification
Example:
“The wind yells
while blowing."
The wind cannot yell.
Only a living thing
can yell.
A figure of speech which gives
the qualities of a person to an
animal, an object, or an idea.

10. Personification examples…
• The wind whistled against my cheeks.
• The sun greeted me this morning.
• The flowers begged for water.
• The wind screamed as it raced around the
house.
• Lightning danced across the sky.
• Trees bowed to the ground.
• The carved pumpkin smiled at me.

11. Alliteration
Repeated consonant sounds occurring
at the beginning of words or within
words.
Example:
She was wide-eyed
and wondering while
she waited for Walter
to waken.

12. Alliteration examples…
• Carries cat clawed her couch, creating chaos.
• Dan’s dog dove deep in the dam, drinking dirty
water as he dove.
• Eric’s eagle eats eggs, enjoying each episode
of eating.
• Fred’s friends fried Fritos for Friday’s food.
• Hannah’s home has heat hopefully.
• Alice’s aunt ate apples and acorns around
August.

13. Onomatopoeia
The use of words that mimic sounds.
Example:
The firecracker
made a loud
ka-boom!

14. Hyperbole
Hyperbole is an
outrageous
exaggeration that
emphasizes a point, and
can be ridiculous or
funny.

15. Hyperbole examples…
• The lottery winner's grin stretched
from New York City to Los Angeles.
• You snore louder than a freight train.
• I have died everyday waiting for you
• It was so cold, I saw polar bears
wearing jackets.
• I am so hungry that I can eat a horse.
• I had a ton of homework

16. Idioms
An idiom or idiomatic
expression refers to a
construction or expression
in one language that cannot
be matched or directly
translated word-for-word
in another language.

17. Idioms
Example:
You should keep your eye
out for him.
To keep an eye out for
someone means to watch
out for them.

18. Irony
Example:
Irony is the use of words that
mean the opposite of what you
really think especially in order to
be funny.
• “This is my brilliant son who failed
out of college.”
• She’s a great singer who sings like a crow.

19. Euphemism
Example:
• Passed away – died
• I’m busy – Leave me the alone
• Your being let go – Your Fired
The substitution of an agreeable or
inoffensive expression for one that may
offend or suggest something unpleasant

20. Examples :
METONYMY
In Metonymy an object is
designated by the name of the
something which is generally
associated with it.
The crown, for kings.
Red-coats, for British soldiers.

21. In antithesis a striking
opposition of words or
sentiments, is made in
the same sentence.
ANTITHESIS
They promised freedom and
provided slavery.
Example:

22. Many are called but few are
chosen

23. The addressing od usually absent
people or a usually personified
thing rhetorically.
Apostrophe
Carlye’s “O Liberty, what
things are done in thy name.
Example:

24. LITOTES
In Litotes an affirmative is conveyed by
negation of the opposite, the effect being
to suggest a strong expression by means
of a weaker. It is the opposite of
Hyperbole.
Not unhappy
Not a bad singer
Examples :
Not unlike

25. The use of words that have the
same or very similar vowel
sounds near one another.
Assonance
• Example:
• Summer fun
• Rise high in the bright sky.

26. In which a statement appears to
contradict itself
Paradox
• Example:
• “War is Peace.”
• “Freedom is slavery.”
• “Ignorance is strength.”
• My weakness is my strength.

27. Oxymoron
Example:
• Great Depression
• Criminal Justice
• Hell’s Angels
Contradictory terms appear side
by side. Known as a compressed
paradox.

28. Examples:
SYNECDOCHE
In Synecdoche a part is used to
designate the whole or the whole to
designate a part.
• Give us this day our daily bread (for food)
• He has many mouths to feed.
• A ten sail (for ten ships)
• As a creature (for a man)

29. Symbolism
Examples:
• A heart means love
• Tears- Emotion
• Red light means stop
• Light bulb means “new idea”
Something that represents
something else by association,
resemblance, or convention