1. MGT538 :
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ETHICS
TOPIC: Communication Styles
PREPARED BY : Muhammad Afiq bin Rahim
PREPARED TO : Prof. Madya Hjh. Fatimah bt. Mohd. Saman

2. Introduction
• Communication style is the
window to how the world
perceives you. It affects
your relationships, career
and emotional well-being.
• Understanding your
communication style allows
you to work on aspects that
can be viewed as negative
and helps you strengthen
the positive.

3. Basic Styles of Communication
Passive-
Passive Aggressive Assertive
Aggressive
Behavior Behavior Behavior
Behavior

4. Passive Behavior
"I don't really matter."

5. Passive Behavior
• Don't express
needs, opinions, or
feelings.
• Apologize for things
that aren't their fault
• Do not respect their
own rights
• Feel they don't have a
right to ask for things
they want
• Avoid conflict, even at
their own discomfort

6. Eye contact
- Hesitant eye contact
- Looks away often and down
- Over smiles, gives ghost smile, even if angry
- Quick changing features
- Slouches, head down
- Fluttering hand movement, or playing with fingers
or wringing hands
- Sits back or steps back
- Eyes raised in anticipation

7. Aggressive Behavior
"You don't really matter."

8. Aggressive Behavior
• Don't respect needs,
opinions, or feelings other
than their own.
• Do not apologize for things,
even when they are at fault
• Do not respect the rights of
others
• Feel others do not have a
right to ask for things they
want
• Avoid discomfort, even at
the risk of conflict

9. Eye contact
- Tries to dominate by staring
- Finger pointing
- Gives very knowing smile and set face when angry
- Arms crossed
- Stands and sits upright, head 'in air', leaning forward
- Raised eyebrows in disbelief
- Jabbing movements with hands, banging desk, clenched
fists
- Paces impatiently
- Sits forward or steps forward

10. Passive- Aggressive Behavior
"I don't know what matters!"

11. Passive- Aggressive Behavior
• Tries to deal with needs, opinions, and feelings by NOT
dealing with them.
• May apologize, but secretly resents it. Often uses sarcasm
• Respects the rights of others but resents it, often secretly
sabotaging progress
• Often functions as a victim in learned helplessness
• Avoids conflict in an indirect way (muttering under their
breath, dirty looks, slamming doors, etc.)

12. Assertive Behavior
"Take control of your own life!"

13. Assertive Behavior
• Respects
needs, opinions, and
feelings, both their own and
other people's.
• When they are at fault they
apologize, but allow others
to take responsibility for
their own actions as well
• Respect their own rights
and the rights of others
• Feel comfortable asking for
things they need or want
• Deal with conflict in healthy
ways

14. Eye contact
- Firm eye contact, not staring
- Expresses anger and pleasure in face when
appropriate, sincere reaction
- Features are steady, not set or changing
frequently
- Stands and sits upright
- Open hand movements - relaxed posture, head
held up

15. In facts, we all have assertive rights!
o The right to be assertive
o The right to choose not to be assertive
o The right to have and to express our views
o The right to be listened to
o The right to make decisions
o The right to admit we don't know
o The right to say 'no' without feeling guilty
o The right to be consulted about decisions affecting us
o The right to change our mind
o The right to be treated with respect
• In fact, the right to do anything that does not violate the
rights of others

16. Surah Al- Mukminun

18. “your love makes me STRONG, your
hate makes me UNSTOPPABLE”-
Cristiano Ronaldo