War In Afghanistan a short presentation. History of Afghan war, 9 11

1. War In Afghanistan

2. History and Actor
 The Soviet war in Afghanistan lasted nine years from December 1979 to February 1989.
Civil war in Afghanistan (1989–92) – Collapse of the communist Najibullah government
Civil war in Afghanistan (1992–96) – Leads to the Taliban controlling most of Afghanistan, with
the Northern Alliance controlling northern Afghanistan
Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001) – Taliban period
War in Afghanistan (2001–present) – ISAF/NATO involvement.

3. Focus on Soviet war. (1979–1989)
 it was fought between Soviet-led Afghan forces against multi-national insurgent groups called
the Mujahideen.
foreign fighters who wished to wage jihad against the atheist communists. Notable among
them was a young Saudi named Osama bin Laden, whose Arab group eventually evolved into
al-Qaeda.
Mohammad Najibullah, former chief of the Afghan secret
police (KHAD), was elected president and a new constitution
was adopted.
The Islamists who fought also believed that they were
responsible for the fall of the Soviet Union.

4. Between 1989 and 2001
 In 1992 The communist government lead by Najibullah was collapsed.
 Afghan political parties agreed on a peace and power-sharing agreement, the Peshawar Accord.
 Islamic State of Afghanistan and appointed an interim government for a transitional period to be followed
by general elections. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar doesn’t like it.
The Taliban movement first emerged on the military scene in August 1994, with the stated goal of
liberating Afghanistan from its present corrupt leadership of warlords and establish a pure Islamic society.
In 1996 the Taliban captured the Afghan capital Kabul and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
 Ahmad Shah Massoud, created the United Front (Northern Alliance) in opposition to the Taliban.
Mullah Muhammad Omar headed the Taliban forces during the Afghan civil war. Mullah Omar declared
himself Amir-ul-Momineen(Commander of the Faithful).
 Training Camps of Al-Qaeda and Taliban.

5. War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
The war followed the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, in an effort to dismantle al-Qaeda and
eliminate its safe haven by removing the Taliban from power.
U.S. President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban hand over Osama bin Laden and expel al-
Qaeda
 The United States launched Operation Enduring Freedom on 7 October 2001.
In December 2001, the United Nations Security Council established the International Security Assistance
Force (ISAF), to oversee security in the country and train Afghan National Security Forces.
 ISAF continued to battle the Taliban insurgency, fighting crossed into neighboring North-West Pakistan.
 U.S. military launched drone attacks in Pakistan to kill insurgent leaders.
On 2 May 2011, U.S. Navy SEALs killed Osama bin Laden in Abbotabad, Pakistan.
UN-backed peace talks began between the Afghan government and the Taliban.