The principles and techniques I use to teach my computer anxious students how to use electronic resources. Presented at the LILAC conference on 21/03/2016.

1. Teaching electronic resources to
students with computer anxiety
Aurelie Gandour
Tavistock and
Portman NHS
Foundation Trust

2. Meet Jane…
Jane is a typical (imaginary) student from theTavistock and Portman. She’s 40, a psychologist,
and back at theTavi for a part-time course. Jane doesn’t like computers too much…
She can doWord and email, but if asked to use software outside her comfort zone, she feels…
uncomfortable. She would rather avoid using it than ask for help. She thinks she’s no good at it
anyway, so when she tries, fails, and doesn’t ask for help, it only strengthens her negative
belief.

3. Jane suffers from computer anxiety.
Computer anxiety exists in various degrees throughout the population, ranging from being
mildly uncomfortable in a specific situation to total panic.
You’ve probably met people like Jane in your library too!

4. The catch is, computer anxiety has been linked to library anxiety. It prevents students from
using many of the library’s electronic resources.And their negative thoughts (“I’m stupid,
everybody knows this…”) will prevent them to ask for help. It’s a real problem during
information skills sessions.Those students just nod along but don’t engage with the tool.

5. Let’s break
the cycle!
I’m going to show you my attempts at breaking this negative cycle…
Note that we can’t « cure » the students’ anxiety (you would need some behavioural therapy).
We’re just trying to lessen the symptoms or make the anxiety more manageable within the
context of the specific resources we teach.

6. To do so, I’m going to mix through this presentation general advice found in the literature with
active learning activities. I’ve tested those on my students and found it helped.
Active learning means being involved in the learning process rather than passively listening to
the teacher. It can involve simple activities, more complex games, and working in groups.

7. A positive
learning
environment
The most important part, in my opinion, is to create a positive learning environment, and for
the teacher to have a positive attitude.
It’s great if you can ask one of your colleagues to come and help but… they need empathy.

8. A positive
learning
environment
“Workshops absolutely can not and should not be staffed by people who insensitiviely think
that those who lack basic computer knowledge are unintelligent or have learning disabilities,
which will only worsen the users’ apprehension.” (Sivakumaran and Lux, 2011)

9. Encouraging
questions
The goal is to foster an environment that feels safe enough for the students to be able to ask
their questions without feeling stupid.There are no stupid questions, only questions easy to
answer! Remind them often that you want them to ask. And then… actually answer them. And
be kind while doing so.

10. Now we’re going to talk about several activities that can happen away from the computer.
It’s great to focus on the principleswithout the stress of the tool.
I always try to have at least 1 computer-less activity in my sessions (but often end up with
more).

11. Mapping out the resources
Some students find it very reassuring to be able to make some sense out of the forest of
resources proposed by the library.
Mapping those resources out can be a great thing to do during an induction session.

12. Mapping out the resources
For this poster activity, I give each little group a pack of information printed off the library’s
website and ask them to map them out on a poster. Each group can have different resources.
Then we go around and I correct anything that’s not completely right.

13. Purpose and benefits
Laying out the purpose and benefits from a tool at the beginning of a session can be a great
way to get students on board. Examples:
* Discovery will search everything at once so you don’t have to learn to use every tool.
* Short EndNote demonstration where I just make a bibliography appear out of nowhere….

14. The mechanisms behind
Then we can start having a look at the mechanisms behind the tool before having to put them
in application.
Examples: how a thesaurus work, what’s an in-text citation, creating search equations…

15. The mechanisms behind
This is a simple colouring exercise that helps you check, in about 30 seconds, if the students
have understood how Boolean operators work.

16. The mechanisms behind
In blue you can see actual results that can be found in a database. Above them is a search
equation. Which results will you find if you use this equation?
Great to check both on Boolean operators AND the importance of choosing good keywords.

17. The mechanisms behind
Students are given a card with a slightly complex topic + puzzle tiles (field codes, Booleans,
brackets, and keywords tiles).They’re asked to create simple, then more complex equations.
This is best suited for more advanced groups.

18. Dipping their toes…
At some point, you have to go back to the computer… But you want your anxious students to
get there gradually, and to experience a first success so that they can gain confidence.

19. Dipping their toes…
Still on paper, this a screencap from a real search done with the tool we’re studying.The search
returned no results.The students (in pairs) are asked: why is this a bad search? How could you
make it better?
This ensures that they will know what to do if getting no results and won’t get discouraged…

20. Dipping their toes…
Before they start on the tool on their own, I give the students worksheets going step-by-step
through everything we’ve seen before. It’s important to go around and answer all their
questions.The students can also write their process down and give the worksheet back at the
end of class for further comments.

21. Reflecting on
what was learned…
At the end of the session, I always have at least one reflecting activity.

22. Reflecting on
what was learned…
After a session on the literature search, I love doing this “chimera” activity.
I give each group some animal cards with a « search behaviour » (the panda relies on only one
source of information, the spider only goes on the web…) + a template.

23. Reflecting on
what was learned…
And the students are asked to use scissors and glue to create a chimera that would have the
best “search behaviour” possible. It helps them think through the way they search and how
they could change for the better. So far, it’s always been a success!

24. Reflecting on
what was learned…
More traditionally, you can ask the following questions:
- What was the most important thing you learned today?
- What do you want to keep in mind while applying what we’ve learned?
- Tell me about one problem you’re still worrying about.

25. Reflecting on
what was learned…
If your session ties in with a specific assignment the students have to complete, you can ask
them to come up with a plan for what they’re going to do to finish their assignment.
This can include: specific steps; the tools or techniques they will use; deadlines for each step.

26. Reflecting on
what was learned…
Same thing but a tad more simple: just ask the students to come up with 3 to 5 ways they are
going to apply what they’ve learnt + deadlines for each of them.
I get those forms back and send them back to the students a few weeks later with more help.
That’s great to keep up with them and they often come back to me with more questions.

27. Reflecting on
what was learned…
Finally, this is the best way I’ve found to get quick feedback (only takes 1 minute). Ask for:
- One thing you liked about the session;
- One thing you disliked;
- One thing you would like to know more about.

28. Providing
support and help
Once the session is over, you need to keep providing support and help… but most importantly
you need to make sure that the students know it’s there and how to access it!
If they are computer anxious, online help might not be the way to go.

29. Providing
support and help
During the session I always give printed handouts with step-by-step screencaps showing
everything they need to do to repeat the content of the session.
I’ve had great feedback on them!

30. Providing
support and help
The one exception to the “nothing online” rule: videos. I make little videos going over the
content of the session, or demonstrating the tools again.
It’s best to send students a direct link – they probably won’t look them up on theVLE.

31. Direct support
If you can offer direct support after class, that’s great!
If you’ve shown during the session that you’re open and approachable, they’ll come to you
more easily afterwards.

32. - A teacher with a
positive attitude
- Stepping away from
the computer
- Understanding the
mechanisms behind
- Going there
progressively
- Reflecting on what
they’ve learned
- Providing support
Here is everything we’ve been talking about…

33. Ben-Jacob, M.G. and Liebman,J.T. (2009) ‘Technophobia and the effective use of libraryresources at
the college/universitylevel’, Journal of EducationalTechnologySystems, 38(1),pp. 35–38.
Eastwood, L.,Coates,J., Dixon, L., Harvey,J., Ormondroyd,C. andWilliamson,S. (2009) AToolkit for
CreativeTeaching in Post-CompulsoryEducation. Maidenhead:OpenUniversity Press.
Jerabek,J.A., Meyer, L. S. and Kordinak, S.T. (2001) ‘“Libraryanxiety” and “computer anxiety:”
Measures,validity,and research implications’, Library and InformationScience Research, 23(3), pp.
277–289.
Jiao,Q. G. andOnwuegbuzie,A. J. (2004) ‘The Impact of InformationTechnology on LibraryAnxiety:
The Role of ComputerAttitudes’,InformationTechnology & Libraries, 23(4),pp. 138–145.
Rosen, L. D. and Maguire,P. (1990) ‘Myths and realitiesof computerphobia:A meta-analysis’,Anxiety
Research, 3(3), pp. 175–191.
Rosen, L. D., Sears, D. C. andWeil, M. M. (1993) ‘Treating technophobia:A longitudinal evaluationof
the computerphobia reduction program’, Computers in Human Behavior, 9(1), pp. 27–50.
Van Scoyoc, A. M. (2003) ‘Reducing LibraryAnxiety in First-YearStudents’,Reference &UserServices
Quarterly, 42(4), pp. 329–341.
Sivakumaran,T. and Lux,A.C. (2011) ‘OvercomingComputerAnxiety:AThree-Step Process for Adult
Learners.’, US-China Education Review B, 1, pp. 155–161.
Walsh,A. and Inala, P. (2010) Active LearningTechniques for Librarians: Practical Examples, Chandos
Information ProfessionalSeries. Editedby R. Rikowski.Oxford:Chandos Publishing.
More information…
The Bible! Great paper!

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35. Thank You and Good Luck!