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What makes a good subtitle?
Understanding people's views
on subtitling quality.
Olivia Gerber-Morón
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Agnieszka Szarkowska
Centre for Translation Studies, UCL
Accessibility in Film,
Television, and Interactive
Media Conference
14-15 October 2017, York
What are your ideal subtitles?
Speed rate
“It is very frustrating and disconcerting to see
how the subtitle disappears from the screen
when we have not yet finished reading it, or to
end up with a feeling of stress because we have
been forced to read too fast and have not had
the time to enjoy the images […].”
(Díaz Cintas & Remael, 2007: 95)
Line-breaks
”When we segment a sentence, we force the
brain to pause its linguistic processing for a while
[…] we should try to force this pause on the brain
at a point where the semantic load has already
managed to convey a satisfactorily complete
piece of information.”
(Díaz Cintas & Remael, 2007: 173)
The study
▪ Experiment 1: Subtitle presentation rate
with Hungarian audio
– Different speeds: 12 characters per second (cps), 16 cps, 20 cps
▪ Experiment 2: Subtitle presentation rate
with English audio
– 12 cps, 20 cps
▪ Experiment 3: line-breaks
– Segmentation and line-breaks
– Two or three lines
Participants
▪ 97 people
– 77 Hearing
• 30 English
• 21 Polish
• 26 Spanish
– 10 Hard of hearing
– 9 Deaf
▪ Aged 19-74
Dependent variables
▪ Comprehension/recall
▪ Cognitive load
▪ Enjoyment
▪ Preference
▪ Eye tracking measures
▪ And post-test interview
Why interviews?
▪ To gather more useful feedback
from participants after the experiment
▪ To consider inspirational ideas
for further research
▪ To implement suggestions to improve
subtitle quality
▪ To provide a space to participants
to express their opinion about subtitling
1. General questions about AVT habits
2. Speed
3. Segmentation (line-breaks)
4. Ideal subtitles
Structure of the interview
▪ Many hearing participants tend
to prefer slower subtitles
▪ Synchronization
▪ Keywords and gist of the scene
▪ Complexity of the film
Results - Subtitle speed
with unfamiliar original soundtrack
Generally I prefer it to have as much text as
possible because if you’re speaking in a
language I don’t understand I feel like I’m
missing out on some of the information if the
subtitles don’t have enough text, so I’d rather
like have it to be as informative as possible.
English hearing participant
“
Results - Subtitle speed
with familiar original soundtrack
Deaf people:
Verbatim for ENG/HUNG
Comparing subtitles and
lip reading
Synchronization
Pace of the voice
Hearing people:
Verbatim
Comparing subtitles and
audio
Synchronization
Subtitles as a backup
plan
“ When I’m watching something I understand
I’d like to be able to read exactly
what I’m hearing, and when I’m watching
something that I don’t understand
I prefer there to be minimal words
in the subtitles so that I can get a gist of
what’s being said and still be able to follow
the scenes of the movie.
English hearing participant
Line-breaks:
Shape/syntax
Continuity
“Natural thoughts”
Fast/Slow readers
Results – Segmentation
Number of lines:
Genre
Habit
Results – Segmentation
In general, participants of all the groups stated
that they prefer two-line subtitles and line-breaks
that follow syntactic and semantic rules.
“Line breaks have their value,
yet when you are reading fast,
most of the time
it becomes less relevant.
Deaf participant
I felt that it almost helped to split those because it
encouraged you to move on to the next sentence,
you had to follow it through, so when “Prime
Minister” was split I actually thought it was easier to
engage in what was being said because you’re
forced to continue...
English hearing participant
“
“I didn’t like that layout, it annoyed me because
they didn’t end the sentence with grammar, like
they’d have a comma and then they’d have
another word after it, or just one letter after it and
that was really annoying, to see that one instead
of just putting it all on the bottom line.
English hearing participant
“Asymmetric shape helps a lot, why?
It’s like speech; when you are speaking you
always give hints about if you are continuing the
phrase.[...] Asymmetric shape visually helps [...]
and it facilitates this thing of... this sense of
continuing.
Spanish participant
What are your ideal subtitles?
Hearing people
Synchronization
Translation
Easy to read
Hard of hearing & Deaf
Layout: black-box
Verbatim
Orality
– Pauses
– Interjections
I think when subtitles are good you don’t
think about it at all, you just read them. So I
think the measure of good subtitles is when
you don’t really think about it at all, you just
take in what’s being said.
Polish participant
“
So what?
▪ Ideas for future lines of research:
– Experiments with complex audiovisual material
– Test different genres
– Test fast-paced dialogues + duration
▪ Familiarity with the original soundtrack determines
preference for verbatim or shorter subtitles
▪ Many participants stated that asymmetric shape helps for
continuity in reading subtitles
▪ Habit plays an important role on the perception of subtitles
www.facebook.com/SureProject
This project has received funding from the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 702606

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What makes a good subtitle? Understanding people's views on subtitling quality.

  • 1. What makes a good subtitle? Understanding people's views on subtitling quality. Olivia Gerber-Morón Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Agnieszka Szarkowska Centre for Translation Studies, UCL Accessibility in Film, Television, and Interactive Media Conference 14-15 October 2017, York
  • 2. What are your ideal subtitles?
  • 3.
  • 4. Speed rate “It is very frustrating and disconcerting to see how the subtitle disappears from the screen when we have not yet finished reading it, or to end up with a feeling of stress because we have been forced to read too fast and have not had the time to enjoy the images […].” (Díaz Cintas & Remael, 2007: 95)
  • 5.
  • 6. Line-breaks ”When we segment a sentence, we force the brain to pause its linguistic processing for a while […] we should try to force this pause on the brain at a point where the semantic load has already managed to convey a satisfactorily complete piece of information.” (Díaz Cintas & Remael, 2007: 173)
  • 7.
  • 8. The study ▪ Experiment 1: Subtitle presentation rate with Hungarian audio – Different speeds: 12 characters per second (cps), 16 cps, 20 cps ▪ Experiment 2: Subtitle presentation rate with English audio – 12 cps, 20 cps ▪ Experiment 3: line-breaks – Segmentation and line-breaks – Two or three lines
  • 9. Participants ▪ 97 people – 77 Hearing • 30 English • 21 Polish • 26 Spanish – 10 Hard of hearing – 9 Deaf ▪ Aged 19-74
  • 10. Dependent variables ▪ Comprehension/recall ▪ Cognitive load ▪ Enjoyment ▪ Preference ▪ Eye tracking measures ▪ And post-test interview
  • 11. Why interviews? ▪ To gather more useful feedback from participants after the experiment ▪ To consider inspirational ideas for further research ▪ To implement suggestions to improve subtitle quality ▪ To provide a space to participants to express their opinion about subtitling
  • 12. 1. General questions about AVT habits 2. Speed 3. Segmentation (line-breaks) 4. Ideal subtitles Structure of the interview
  • 13. ▪ Many hearing participants tend to prefer slower subtitles ▪ Synchronization ▪ Keywords and gist of the scene ▪ Complexity of the film Results - Subtitle speed with unfamiliar original soundtrack
  • 14. Generally I prefer it to have as much text as possible because if you’re speaking in a language I don’t understand I feel like I’m missing out on some of the information if the subtitles don’t have enough text, so I’d rather like have it to be as informative as possible. English hearing participant “
  • 15. Results - Subtitle speed with familiar original soundtrack Deaf people: Verbatim for ENG/HUNG Comparing subtitles and lip reading Synchronization Pace of the voice Hearing people: Verbatim Comparing subtitles and audio Synchronization Subtitles as a backup plan
  • 16. “ When I’m watching something I understand I’d like to be able to read exactly what I’m hearing, and when I’m watching something that I don’t understand I prefer there to be minimal words in the subtitles so that I can get a gist of what’s being said and still be able to follow the scenes of the movie. English hearing participant
  • 18. Results – Segmentation In general, participants of all the groups stated that they prefer two-line subtitles and line-breaks that follow syntactic and semantic rules.
  • 19. “Line breaks have their value, yet when you are reading fast, most of the time it becomes less relevant. Deaf participant
  • 20. I felt that it almost helped to split those because it encouraged you to move on to the next sentence, you had to follow it through, so when “Prime Minister” was split I actually thought it was easier to engage in what was being said because you’re forced to continue... English hearing participant “
  • 21. “I didn’t like that layout, it annoyed me because they didn’t end the sentence with grammar, like they’d have a comma and then they’d have another word after it, or just one letter after it and that was really annoying, to see that one instead of just putting it all on the bottom line. English hearing participant
  • 22. “Asymmetric shape helps a lot, why? It’s like speech; when you are speaking you always give hints about if you are continuing the phrase.[...] Asymmetric shape visually helps [...] and it facilitates this thing of... this sense of continuing. Spanish participant
  • 23. What are your ideal subtitles? Hearing people Synchronization Translation Easy to read Hard of hearing & Deaf Layout: black-box Verbatim Orality – Pauses – Interjections
  • 24. I think when subtitles are good you don’t think about it at all, you just read them. So I think the measure of good subtitles is when you don’t really think about it at all, you just take in what’s being said. Polish participant “
  • 25. So what? ▪ Ideas for future lines of research: – Experiments with complex audiovisual material – Test different genres – Test fast-paced dialogues + duration ▪ Familiarity with the original soundtrack determines preference for verbatim or shorter subtitles ▪ Many participants stated that asymmetric shape helps for continuity in reading subtitles ▪ Habit plays an important role on the perception of subtitles
  • 26. www.facebook.com/SureProject This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 702606