4. NasoLabial Sulcus
Crease that extend laterally
and downward from the ala
of the nose to corner of the
mouth.
Cant easy to remove but
may be reduced by denture.
5. Mento labial sulcus
Run horizontally between the lower
lip and chin .
Indicate maxillo mandibular
relasionship.
In normal class 1 it show a gentle
curvature which represent an obtuse
angle .
In class 2 it represent acute angle in
which the lower lip is folded toward
chin.
In class 3 it may form angle of 180
degree.
7. Vermillion border
Transitional epithilium
between the mucous
membrane of the lips
and the skin.
In edentulous face
there is dimintion of
amount of vermellion
border on the upper lip
and relative fullness of
the lower lip.
Its theckness
8. Angle of the mouth(commisure)
Denture should support
the mouth angle to avoid
angular chielitis which is
fissuring and
inflammation of mouth
angle as result of
continous wetting by
saliva.
9. Modiolus
The meeting place of the
buccinators and other facial
muscles near the mouth angle.
With teeth loss the modiouls
displaced and give appearance of
sunken cheecks.
The buccal surface of the lower
denture at premolar region must
be thin to avoid the modiolus
lifting the denture.
13. Intraoral LandMarks
The oral cavity divided into the vestibule
and oral cavity proper.
The vestibule divided into labial and
buccal vestibule.
After extraction of the teeth alveolar bone
absorbed and the remaining part is called
residual ridge.
15. Alveolar ridge
The portion of alveoler
process and its covering soft
tissue that remain after
extraction of teeth.
The highest portion is called
crest of the ridge.
Considered the primary
stress bearing area in the
upper jaw.
16. Maxillary tuberosity
Rounded prominence behind
and slightly above the distal end
of maxillary residual ridge.
Its size is affected by extent of
maxillary sinus.
Should included in the
impression , it permits coverage
of more area and good bearing
surface.
Extremely large tuberosities
need surgical correction.
17. Hamular or pterygo maxillary notch
Depression distal to
maxillary tuberosity.
Used as land mark for
correct extension of the
upper denture.
18. Palatine vault
Formed anteriory by the hard
palate and posteriory by the
soft palate.
May be high and V-shaped, or
flat and shallow, the more
common is high and U-shaped
and its more desirable.
19. Median palatine raphe
The suture that join the two
palatine processes at the
midline.
Covered with thin,dense
mucoperiostium with little or
no mucosa.
Improper relief of it may
cause instability of the upper
denture.
20. Incisive papilla
Pad of fibrous connective tissue
overlying the nasopalatine
canal.
Used as landmark for correct
placement of artificial central
incisors.
Relief the upper denture to avoid
pressure on the incisive nerve
which cause burning sensation.
21. Torus palatinus
Is raised, bony ridge running
down the center of the hard
palate from the anterior palatine
foramen to the posterior border.
If its too big, it should be
surgical removed.
If its small, the denture is
reliefed.
22. Rugae
Irregular shaped ridges of the
connective tissue covered by
mucous membrane in the
anterior third of the hard
palate.
Play part in speech.
Shoudnt be disturbed by
impression for maximum
comfort.
23. Fovea palatinae
Openings of ducts of minor
salivary gland.
Found at the midline just
posterior to the junction of the
hard palate and soft palate.
Landmark for posterior border
extension of the upper denture.
25. Retromolar pad
Pear shaped area found on each
side of the distal end of the
residual mandibular ridge.
Its important to avoid
displacement of the retromolar
pad while making the
impression.
Used as guide to located the
occlusal plane of the mandibular
denture.which must not be
higher than half its vertical
height.
26. Must be covered by denture to avoid its
move backward
27. External oblique ridge
Ridge of dense bone extending
above the mental foramen
superiory and distally.
The lower denture must cover
but not extend beyond it to
avoid displacement by
powerful musculature in this
area.
28. Buccal shelf area
Bound externally by the
external oblique ridge and
internally by the slop of the
residual ridge.
Bone is dense and can
withstand the force.
Should be covered by lower
denture to provide support.
Is primary stress bearing area.
29. Mental foramen
Located in the buccal surface of
mandible in premolar region.
Mental nerve and vessels pass
through it.
Relief denture in this area to
avoid pain and numbness of
the lower lip.
30. Torus mandibularis
Bony projection on the inner
surface of the mandible in
premolar region.
May be unilateral or bilateral.
The lower denture relief in this
area
If its large, must be surgically
removed.
31. Internal oblique ridge
Ridge that extends near the
inferior border of the
mandible in the incisal region
and progrssive higher
posteriory
Give attachment to
mylohyoid muscle.
Should be included in the
denture bearing area.
If sharp or prominent it
reduced surgically.
32. Genial tubercles
Two small prominences on the
inner surface of the mandible
on each side of the symphesis.
In extreme bone deposition it
may located at crest of ridge. So
the denture relief in their
position
33. Denture foundation area
Foundation area on which the dental
prosthesis rest.
The surface of oral vestibule to support
the denture
The amount of force applied inversely
proportional to the amount of surface
area.
34. Stress bearing areas
Primary stress bearing areas :Able to resist the vertical forces of occlusion, formed of cortical
bone.
In maxillary arch:
The crest of the ridge.
The flat areas of the palate.
In the mandibular arch:
The buccal shelf area.
The crest of the ridge if well formed.
35. secondary stress bearing areas:areas that their histological nature and their inclined plane
can resist the lateral force of occlusion and aid in resistance
to the vertical forces.
In maxillary arch: Rugae area.
Lateral slopes of the palate.
Labial and buccal surface of the ridge.
In mandibular arch: all ridge slopes.
36. Relief areas
Portion of the denture that reduced to eliminate
excessive pressure on specific part on the supporting
tussue.
In the maxillary arch and palate: Incisive papilla.
Median raphe.
Torus palatinus.
Sharp bony prominance.
37. In mandibular arch: Genial tubercle
Sharp mylohyoid ridge
Crest of a knife edge ridge
Mental foramen
Sharp bony prominance
38. Border structures that limits the
periphery of the denture
A- Maxillay denture: 1- The labial frenum
2- Labial vestibule
3- Buccal frenum
4- Buccal vestibule
5- Hamular notch
6- Vibrating line of the soft palate
41. A. Maxillay denture
1. Labial frenum
It may be single or
multiple, appearing
as a fold of mucous
membrane
extending from the
mucous lining of the
lips toward the crest
of the residual ridge
on the labial surface
42. Labial vestibule
It extends on both sides
from the labial frenum
to the buccal frenum
43. Buccal frenum
It is a fold or folds of
mucous membrane that
extends from the
mucous membrane
reflection area to the
crest of the residual
ridge.
44. Buccal vestibule
It is the space distal to the
buccal frenum. It is
bounded externally by the
cheek and internally by the
residual ridge.
45. Hamular notch
It is a notch located
between the maxillary
tuberosity anteriorly and
the pterygoid hamulous
posteriorly.
The upper denture must
extend between hamular
notch of each side.
46. Vibrating line of the soft palate
The extension of the
posterior palatal border
of the upper denture
depends on the
functional activity of the
soft palate.
47. B- Mandibular denture
Labial frenum
It is a fold of mucous
membrane that connects the
mucosa of the lower lip to that
of the alveolar process at the
midline
48. Labial vestibule
That part of the denture
that extends in this area
is called the mandibular
labial flange.
49. Buccal frenum
This is a fold of mucous
membrane in the
premolar area
attaching the lip to the
alveolar ridge.
50. Buccal vestibule
It extends posteriorly
from the buccal frenum
to the anterior border of
the ramus of the
mandible.
51. Masseter muscle influencing area
The distobuccal corner of the
mandibular denture is in
relation to the masseter muscle
52. Palatoglossal arch
It is formed by the
palatoglossus muscle, over
extension of the distolingual
border of the lower denture
will cause sore throat as a
result of pressure on the
muscle.
53. Lingual pouch
It is bounded posteriorly by palatoglossus
muscle, anteriorly by the mylohyoid muscle,
and medially by the lateral aspect of the
tongue and laterally by the medial aspect of
the mandible.
