In this slides describe the use of C++ Graphics and basic graphics function are describe in this slides.

2. Group Name
Pure ones
Presenters
Ali Murtaza 11014119-044
M. Hamid 11014119-007
QasimAli 11014119-128
M. Tayyab Chema 11014119-045
Ahsan Raza 11014119-017

3.  Turbo C has a good collection of graphics libraries.
If you know the basics of C, you can easily learn
graphics programming.
Why we use graphics ?
 We use graphics in C language to give a different
look to our program.
 Function related graphics are use to create different
shapes in different colour.

4. Files for compiler to work in graphics.
 The header file “graphics.h” i.e built-in function is
use in graphics.
 These files stores in Borland graphics interface (BGI)
files. These files contain graphics drive program.
Display modes in C .
 The output of a program can be displayed on the
screen in two modes.
 Text mode.
 Graphics mode.

5.  In text mode screen is normally divided into rows
and columns. We can move the cursor to specified
location by using “gotoxy (x,y);” function.
 In text mode there are 80 columns (0-79) and 25
rows (0-24).
 In text mode only text can be displayed.

6.  In graphics mode the screen is divided into small
dots called pixels.
For example:
In VGA monitor the screen is divided into 480
rows and 640 columns of dots. Thus the monitor
VGA screen is divided into 640 X 480 pixels.
 The resolution of different type of (display adopter)
are
 VGA 640 X 480
 SVGA 800 X 600

7.  The computer display system must be initialized into
graphics mode before calling the graphics function.
 Function for initialization of graphics:
The “initgraph” function is used to initialized the
graphics mode.
 This function is already defined in “graphics.h”
header file.

8.  Syntax
The syntax of initgraph is:
initgraph(&driver, &mode,”path”);
 Driver
Represents the graphics driver installed in computer. It
may be an integer variable or an integer constant.
 Mode
Represents the output resolution on the computer screen.
The normal mode for VGA is VGAHI. It gives the highest
resolution.

9.  &
Represents the addresses of constants for driver and
mode.
 Path
Represents the path of VGA driver.
Which “ C:compiler nameBGI”.

10. There are two method of using initgraph function.
 Manually
In this way you have to tell the computer all about drivers or
modes of VGA. In this way you don’t have to use & operator.
For example: initgraph(vga,vgahi,”C:compiler nameBGI ”).
 Auto-detect
In this method you have only declare two integer type variables
name as you wish. Initialize the 1st variable with a key word
“DETECT”. In this method we should use & operator.
For example: initgraph(&driver, &mode,”C:compiler nameBGI”);

11.  The cleardevice function is used to clear screen in
graphics mode as clrscr( ) function is used in text
mode.
 Syntax cleardevice( );
Closegraph function
 The closegraph function is used to restore ( turn of all the
graphics ) the screen into text mode.
 Syntax closegraph();

12.  The outtext function is used to print text on the screen
in graphics mode.
 Syntax outtext(Any sentence or character);
Moveto function
 The moveto function is used to move the cursor on the screen
in specific location.
 Syntax moveto(x , y);
X represents the x-coordinate of the screen.
Y represents the y-coordinate of the screen.

13. #include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
cleardevice();
int d,m;
d= DETECT;
initgraph( &d, &g, “C:TCBGI”);
outtext(I love programming);
moveto (250,179);
outtext(I love programming);
getch();
closegraph();
}

14.  The outtextxy function is similar to the outtext function but it is
used to print text on the specified location. This function is both to
outtext and moveto function.
 Syntax outtextxy(x,y,”any string or character”);
Settextstyle function
 The settextstyle function is used to define text style in graphics
mode.
 Syntax settextstyle(style, direction, size);
 Style represents the font style and its value is 0-10.
 Direction represents the direction of text (horizontal or vertical) its
value is 0-1.
 Size represents the font size of the text its value is 0-72.

15.  The setcolor function is used to define the color of the
object or text in graphics mode.
 Syntax setcolor(color );
 There are 16 color in declared in graphics.h .
BLACK: 0 BLUE: 1 GREEN: 2
CYAN: 3 RED: 4 MAGENTA: 5
BROWN: 6 LIGHTGRAY: 7 DARKGRAY: 8
LIGHTBLUE: 9 LIGHTGREEN: 10 LIGHTCYAN: 11
LIGHTRED: 12 LIGHTMAGENTA: 13
YELLOW: 14 WHITE: 15

16.  The setbkcolor function is used to define back ground
color on the output screen.
 Syntax setbkcolor(color);

17. #include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
cleardevice();
int d=DETECT, m;
initgraph(&d, &m, “C:TCBGI”);
setbkcolor(5);
setcolor(1);
settextstyle(1,0,5);
outtextxy(75,8,”Pakistan”);
setcolor(15);
settextstyle(1,1,5);
outtextxy(75,40,”Pakistan”);
getch();
closegraph();
}

18.  The circle function is used to display the circle on the
out put screen.
 Syntax circle( x, y, radius );
Arc function
 The arc function is used to draw a circular arc starting from a
specified angle from to another specified angle.
 Syntax arc ( x, y, starting angle, ending angle, radius);
 Where all parameters are both circle and arc have integer type.

19.  The line function is used to draw a line between two points on
the screen.
 Syntax line (x1,y1,x2,y2);
Rectangle function
 The rectangle function is used to draw a rectangle between
two points on the screen.
 Syntax rectangle (x1,y1,x2,y2);
 Where x1, y1 specify the x ,y coordinate of the first point. And
x2 , y2 specify the x , y coordinate of the second point. All
four parameters are integer type.

20. #include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{ int d=DETECT, m;
cleardevice();
initgraph( &d, &m, “C:TCBGI”);
outtextxy(35,65,”Circle”);
circle(50,40,15);
outtextxy(150,60,”Arc”);
arc(155,40,0,180,15);
outtextxy(42,160,”Rectangle”);
rectangle(135,100,120,150);
outtextxy(185,120,”Line”);
line(140,100,230,100);
getch();
closegraph();
}