SYPHILIS & GONORRHOEA. MODE OF TRANSMISSION & TREATMENT

1. Presented by;
Aiswarya.A.T,
First year M.Pharm.,
Dept. of Pharmacy Practice,
Grace College of Pharmacy.

2. SYPHILIS
Syphilis is a venereal (sexually-transmitted) bacterial
disease caused by Treponema pallidum usually spread by
sexual contact.
The disease starts as a painless sore (typically on
genitals, rectum or mouth).

3. EPIDEMIOLOGY

4. INCUBATION PERIOD:
10 days- 3 weeks (may be upto 3 months)
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Sexual intercourse
Intimate person-to-person contact
Transfusion of infected blood
Materno-foetal transmission

5. CLINICAL
PRESENTATIONS
Primary syphilis
Secondary syphilis
Latent syphilis
Tertiary (late) syphilis
- Syphilitic Gumma
- Diffuse lesions
(cardiovascular syphilis,
neurosyphilis)
Congenital syphilis

6. DIAGNOSIS
1. Dark field microscopic examination:
Direct fluorescent antibody (test) for T. pallidum
(DFA-TP)
2. Serological tests:
•Nontreponemal tests
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)
slide test
rapid plasma reagin (RPR) card test
unheated serum reagin (USR) test
toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST).

8. •Treponemal tests
 Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption
(FTA-ABS)
•Other serologic tests
 T. pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA)
 Microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to
T. pallidum (MHA-TP)
 T. pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA)

9. TREATMENT
Primary/
secondary/
latent
syphilis
Benzathine penicillin
G
Neurosyphilis
Aqueous crystalline
penicillin G OR
Aqueous procaine
penicillin G
Congenital
syphilis
Aqueous crystalline
penicillin G OR
Procaine penicillin
G

10. Penicillin-allergic patients
Primary/
secondary/
early latent
Doxycycline
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Tetracycline
Ceftriaxone
Late latent
syphilis

11. PREVENTION
Avoid recreational drugs
Abstain or be monogamous
Use a latex condom

12. GONORRHEA
 Gonorrhoea is highly contagious sexually transmitted
infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which can
cause an infection of the urethra, cervix, anus, throat and
eyes.
 Rarely gonorrhoea can infect the bloodstream and cause
fever, joint pain and skin lesions.
 It can infect both males and females.
 The bacteria are mainly found in discharge from the
penis and vaginal fluid from infected men and women.

13. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
vaginal or anal sex with an infected partner
oral sex (less common)
touching parts of the body with fingers
any very close physical contact
the bacteria can be passed from hand to
hand (very rare isolated cases)
from a mother to her baby at birth
INCUBATION PERIOD
1-14 days

14. Gonorrhea Symptoms in Women
strong smelling vaginal discharge-thin & watery/
thick & yellow/green
irritation or discharge from the anus
abnormal vaginal bleeding
possibly some low abdominal or pelvic tenderness
pain or a burning sensation when passing urine
low abdominal pain sometimes with nausea
Gonorrhea Symptoms in Men
white, yellow or green thick discharge from the tip
of the penis
inflammation of the testicles & prostate gland
irritation or discharge from the anus
urethral itch & pain or burning sensation when
passing urine

15. DIAGNOSIS
 Urine test
 Swab of affected area

16. TREATMENT
Uncomplicated infections of the
cervix,
urethra, and rectum in adults
Ceftriaxone, Cefixime,
ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin,
levofloxacin
Gonococcal infections in
pregnancy
Ceftriaxone, Cefixime
Disseminated gonococcal
infection in
adults (>45 kg)
Ceftriaxone
Uncomplicated infections of the
cervix, urethra,
and rectum in children (<45 kg)
Ceftriaxone
Gonococcal conjunctivitis in
adults
Ceftriaxone
Ophthalmia neonatorum Ceftriaxone
Infants born to mothers with
gonococcal
Erythromycin, Tetracycline

17. PREVENTION
Practice safer intercourse
Complete treatment should be taken
Follow-up tests should be done to make sure that
treatment has cleared the infection
Living conditions should be improved
Impart health education

18. THANK YOU!!!!