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Week 8 1_introduction_to_electro_pneumatics
 Electro-pneumatic  Combination of electrical and
pneumatic system
 Used when the process is repeating and setup cost is
low
 But
◦ Maintenance – troubleshooting is very complex
◦ Structure – circuit structure is messy when
involving complex design
 Relay
◦ On/Off switch
 Solenoid
◦ Single valve solenoid Double valve solenoid
Pneumatic Circuit Symbol Electrical Circuit Symbol
Y1
Y1 Y2Y1
Week 8 1_introduction_to_electro_pneumatics
Didactic
Optical
Inductive
Reed Switch
Inductive Magnetic
Capacitive
Symbols
Connection
Proximity Sensors
• Sensors that are able to detect the presence of nearby objects
without any physical contact.
•A proximity sensor often emits:
1) Electromagnetic or electrostatic field
2) A beam of electromagnetic radiation (infrared, etc)
and looks for changes in the field or return signal.
•The object being sensed -> proximity sensor's target.
•Different proximity sensor targets demand different sensors:
Inductive proximity sensor -> metal target.
Capacitive sensor -> high density target
Photoelectric sensor -> reflective target
Proximity Sensors
+18 ~ 30
Volts DC.
0 V
Output
Inductive
Capacitive
Optical
Magnetic
Ultrasonic
Normally open
Normally
closed
Symbol
Inductive Sensor
Inductive sensor is used to sense only metal type of object.
ON
OFF
• Detects all conductive
materials
• Best conductor is mild
steel
• The sensor performance
relies on temperature, the
target material and its
area.
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor
output
signal
Target
Inductive Sensor
ON
OFF
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor
output
signal
Target
Inductive Sensor
ON
OFF
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor
output
signal
Target
Inductive Sensor
ON
OFF
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor
output
signal
Target
Inductive Sensor
ON
OFF
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor
output
signal
Target
Inductive Sensor
ON
OFF
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor
output
signal
Target
Inductive Sensor
ON
OFF
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor
output
signal
Target
Inductive Sensor
ON
OFF
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor
output
signal
Target
Inductive Sensor
ON
OFF
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor
output
signal
Target
Inductive Sensor
ON
OFF
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor
output
signal
Target
Inductive Sensor
Capacitive Sensor
Capacitive sensor is used to sense only high density objects
• Detects all materials with
densities higher than air.
• Sensitivity is adjustable
• No suitable to use in dusty
environments
Capacitive
Sensor
Target
Capacitive
Sensor
Capacitive
Sensor
Capacitive
Sensor
Capacitive
Sensor
Capacitive
Sensor
Capacitive
Sensor
Capacitive
Sensor
Optical Sensor
Optical sensor is used to sense only reflective type of object.
Transmitter (T)
/ Receiver (R)
Optical
Sensors
Type :
Diffuse
• Detection distance: less than
reflex type, actual distance
depends on colour and surface
smoothness
• Larger targets enables a longer
detection distance
• No suitable in dirty
environments
T
R
Target
T
R
Transmitter (T)
/ Receiver (R)
Optical
Sensors
Type :
Diffuse
T
R
Target
Transmitter (T)
/ Receiver (R)
Optical
Sensors
Type :
Diffuse
T
R
Transmitter (T)
/ Receiver (R)
Optical
Sensors
Type :
Diffuse
T
R
Transmitter (T)
/ Receiver (R)
Optical
Sensors
Type :
Diffuse
T
R
Transmitter (T)
/ Receiver (R)
Optical
Sensors
Type :
Diffuse
T
R
Transmitter (T)
/ Receiver (R)
Optical
Sensors
Type :
Diffuse

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Week 8 1_introduction_to_electro_pneumatics