1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT
ERAS, ESPEK SDN. BHD.
Siti Nur Izzah bt. Abd Malik
154487
Bachelor of Horticultural Science
2. Company Background
◦ Estet Pekebun Kecil Sdn. Bhd.(ESPEK) was
established to administrate small holding farms
under RISDA.
◦ ESPEK also offers advisory services through ESPEK
Research and Advisory Services (ERAS).
◦ ERAS have been accredited by ISO / IEC 17025
and can provide test report and calibration
results.
4. Fertilizer Analysis
Objective:
◦ The main objective in analyzing fertilizers is to
assess their quality.
◦ The quality of fertilizers is stated by the
manufacturers and statutorily notified.
◦ Analysis is carried out to determine whether the
stated quality meets the statutorily notified
standards or not.
5. Determination of P, K, Mg and
B using ICP machine.
Weigh 2.5 g of fertilizer samples into a 250 ml beaker.
Add 100 ml of distilled water into the beaker.
Add 10 ml of HCl acid and 5 ml of Nitric acid into the
beaker.
Boil samples hot plate for 20 minutes.
After heating, the samples were left to cool for 5 minutes
before transferring into a 500ml volumetric flask.
6. Make up the volume until 500 ml.
The solutions were then filtered using filter paper
and collected using plastic vial.
After filtering completed, the solution were then
transferred into test tube to be analyzed by ICP
machines.
7. Foliar Analysis
Objective:
◦ Foster (2003) stated “The assessment of nutrient
deficiencies using foliar diagnosis is an entirely
empirical system”.
◦ Despite this, leaf analysis is perhaps the most
common diagnostic tool to determine the
nutritional status of oil palm and estimate the
appropriate fertilizer rates.
8. Preparation of ash solution
Method:
1. Weigh accurately about 1 to 2 g of sample
into silica dish
2. Place the dish in the furnace and raise
temperature gradually to 300oC and maintain
until smoking ceases.
3. Raise temperature to 500oC and continue at
this temperature until white or greyish ash is
obtained.
4. Remove and cool in dessicator
9. 5. Moisten the ash with few drops of water
6. Add 2ml conc. HCl and evaporate to dryness
on a hot-plate.
7. Add 10 ml of nitric acid and digest on water-
bath for 1 hour.
8. Filter into a 100ml volumetric flask using filter
paper.
9. Make up to volume with water and mix well.
14. Latar Belakang
◦ Kajian awal kesan BO di Ladang RISDA Palong,
N.Sembilan
◦ Kesan terhadap hasil
Tahun 2011* 2012* 2013*
Luas (Ha) 92.64 92.64 92.64
Yield (mt) 2095.50 2408.64 1573.20
Yield
(mt/Ha)
22.62 26.00 16.98
15. Latar Belakang
◦ Kesan terhadap kesuburan tanah
Tahun Sampling
Meq/100g %
CEC K Mg OC
2008 (sebelum
BO)
8.22 0.09 0.21 0.73
2012 (sebelum
BO)
11.0
6
0.59 0.37 0.90
16. Latar Belakang
◦ Kesan BO terhadap kelembapan tanah dan
pertumbuhan akar
41.07 %
8.92 g
52.58 %
2.94 g
5.29 %
1.22 g
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Kelembapan tanah Berat akar
Dalam karung Bawah karung tanpa BOE
17. Hipotesis
◦ Penggunaan bahan organik meningkatkan hasil
minimum 5%
◦ Baja kimia dapat dikurangkan 20% dan
digantikan dengan bahan organik
◦ Meningkatkan kesuburan tanah
18. Kaedah Kajian
Plot Tahun Treatment Aplikasi BO
T1 (Control) 1 100% baja kimia Tiada
2 100% baja kimia
3 100% baja kimia
T2 1 100% baja kimia + 10 kg BO Bag diletak
di antara 2
pokok
2 80% baja kimia + 10 kg BO
3 70% baja kimia + 10 kg BO
T3 1 100% baja kimia + 10 kg BO Tabur
sekeliling
sawit
2 80% baja kimia + 10 kg BO
3 70% baja kimia + 10 kg BO
19. Parameter
Bil Parameter Matang Muda Catatan
1 Hasil 1)Bilangan
tandan
2)Berat tandan
Tiada Setiap bulan
2 Tanah 1)CEC
2)Base
saturation
3)Kandungan
karbon organik
4)Kelembapan
tanah
5)N, P, K, Mg
6)pH
1)CEC
2)Base saturation
3)Kandungan
karbon organik
4)Kelembapan
tanah
5)N, P, K, Mg
6)pH
Sekali dalam setahun
3 Foliar 1)N, P, K, Mg Pengukuran
tampang
(Vegetative
Measurement)
Sekali dalam setahun
4 VM Tiada Pengukuran
tampang
(Vegetative
Measurement)
2 kali setahun
21. Jenis
baja
Aplikasi
baja
Kadar
Replikasi
(plot)
bilangan pokok Kadar asal
baja/pokok
(kg)
Kadar baja/plot
(kg)
Jumlah
plot
Jumlah baja
(kg)
Jumlah baja
(tan)
Pengurangan
baja
Catatan
Kadar setelah
pengurangan
Guard Palm Majoring Palm
BOE PLUS A T1 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
BOE PLUS A T2 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
BOE PLUS A T3 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
0 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8
BOE PLUS A T4 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 pengurangan 30% 2.5
BOE PLUS B T1 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
BOE PLUS B T2 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
BOE PLUS B T3 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8
BOE PLUS B T4 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 pengurangan 30% 2.5
POME A T1 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
POME A T2 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
POME A T3 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8
POME A T4 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 pengurangan 30% 2.5
POME B T1 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
POME B T2 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
POME B T3 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8
POME B T4 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 prmgurangan 30% 2.5
Jumlah 48 2016 pokok 576 pokok 48 6.1992
22. PLOT
SYMBOL PLOT NO SYMBOL PLOT NO SYMBOL PLOT NO SYMBOL
BP T1 R1 A 25 1009-1050 BP T1 R2 A 3 85-126 BP T1 R3 A 8 295-336 BP T1 R1 A
BP T2 R1 A 35 1429-1470 BP T2 R2 A 51 2101-2142 BP T2 R3 A 22 883-924 BP T2 R1 A
BP T3 R1 A 45 1849-1890 BP T3 R2 A 16 631-672 BP T3 R3 A 41 1681-1722 BP T3 R1 A
BP T4 R1 A 36 1471-1512 BP T4 R2 A 44 1807-1848 BP T4 R3 A 27 1093-1134 BP T4 R1 A
BP T1 R1 B 50 2059-2100 BP T1 R2 B 7 253-294 BP T1 R3 B 4 127-168 BP T1 R1 B
BP T2 R1 B 43 1765-1806 BP T2 R2 B 13 505-546 BP T2 R3 B 17 673-714 BP T2 R1 B
BP T3 R1 B 24 967-1008 BP T3 R2 B 19 757-798 BP T3 R3 B 33 1345-1386 BP T3 R1 B
BP T4 R1 B 30 1219-1260 BP T4 R2 B 14 547-588 BP T4 R3 B 26 1051-1092 BP T4 R1 B
P T1 R1 A 48 1975-2016 P T1 R2 A 47 1933-1974 P T1 R3 A 38 1555-1596 P T1 R1 A
P T2 R1 A 34 1387-1428 P T2 R2 A 5 169-210 P T2 R3 A 6 211-252 P T2 R1 A
P T3 R1 A 11 421-462 P T3 R2 A 40 1639-1680 P T3 R3 A 42 1723-1764 P T3 R1 A
P T4 R1 A 10 379-420 P T4 R2 A 32 1303-1344 P T4 R3 A 23 925-966 P T4 R1 A
P T1 R1 B 2 43-84 P T1 R2 B 1 Jan-42 P T1 R3 B 46 1891-1932 P T1 R1 B
P T2 R1 B 15 589-630 P T2 R2 B 9 337-378 P T2 R3 B 31 1261-1302 P T2 R1 B
P T3 R1 B 49 2017-2058 P T3 R2 B 18 715-756 P T3 R3 B 39 1597-1638 P T3 R1 B
P T4 R1 B 29 1177-1218 P T4 R2 B 20 799-840 P T3 R3 B 37 1513-1554 P T4 R1 B
HI-KAY 21 841-882 HI-KAY 12 463-504 HI-KAY 28 1135-1176 HI-KAY
24. Conclusion
◦ I had learned and sharpen my skill in laboratory
techniques and protocol in running analysis.
◦ I had the opportunity to run industrial machines
such as BUCHI distillation unit and Elemental
Analyzer
◦ I had also been given opportunity to assist the
research and development personnel in the field.
◦ In conclusion, I obtained training that fulfil my
objectives in industrial training at ERAS.