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INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT
ERAS, ESPEK SDN. BHD.
Siti Nur Izzah bt. Abd Malik
154487
Bachelor of Horticultural Science
Company Background
◦ Estet Pekebun Kecil Sdn. Bhd.(ESPEK) was
established to administrate small holding farms
under RISDA.
◦ ESPEK also offers advisory services through ESPEK
Research and Advisory Services (ERAS).
◦ ERAS have been accredited by ISO / IEC 17025
and can provide test report and calibration
results.
ERAS
(ESPEK
Research
and Advisory
Services)
Managem
ent Unit
Surveyor
Unit
R&D Unit
Laboratory
Unit
Includes 3
laboratories
(soil, foliar,
and fertilizer)
Provide
agriculture
consultation
and collect
samples from
RISDA estates
Conduct
research and
development
within
ESPEK/RISDA
estates
Fertilizer Analysis
Objective:
◦ The main objective in analyzing fertilizers is to
assess their quality.
◦ The quality of fertilizers is stated by the
manufacturers and statutorily notified.
◦ Analysis is carried out to determine whether the
stated quality meets the statutorily notified
standards or not.
Determination of P, K, Mg and
B using ICP machine.
Weigh 2.5 g of fertilizer samples into a 250 ml beaker.
Add 100 ml of distilled water into the beaker.
Add 10 ml of HCl acid and 5 ml of Nitric acid into the
beaker.
Boil samples hot plate for 20 minutes.
After heating, the samples were left to cool for 5 minutes
before transferring into a 500ml volumetric flask.
Make up the volume until 500 ml.
The solutions were then filtered using filter paper
and collected using plastic vial.
After filtering completed, the solution were then
transferred into test tube to be analyzed by ICP
machines.
Foliar Analysis
Objective:
◦ Foster (2003) stated “The assessment of nutrient
deficiencies using foliar diagnosis is an entirely
empirical system”.
◦ Despite this, leaf analysis is perhaps the most
common diagnostic tool to determine the
nutritional status of oil palm and estimate the
appropriate fertilizer rates.
Preparation of ash solution
Method:
1. Weigh accurately about 1 to 2 g of sample
into silica dish
2. Place the dish in the furnace and raise
temperature gradually to 300oC and maintain
until smoking ceases.
3. Raise temperature to 500oC and continue at
this temperature until white or greyish ash is
obtained.
4. Remove and cool in dessicator
5. Moisten the ash with few drops of water
6. Add 2ml conc. HCl and evaporate to dryness
on a hot-plate.
7. Add 10 ml of nitric acid and digest on water-
bath for 1 hour.
8. Filter into a 100ml volumetric flask using filter
paper.
9. Make up to volume with water and mix well.
Presentation1
Results
BIL
MAKM
AL
TERIM
A LOKASI JENIS NO TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
BAJA
RUJUK
AN ^N P2O5 ^K2O ^MgO ^B2O3 # ^N P2O5 ^K2O ^MgO ^B2O3 # ^N P2O5 ^K2O ^MgO ^B2O3 #
1 288 K
22.01.1
4
ESPEK
SDN.
BHD
AJIP
CRF
A -
040120
14 9.6 6.0 20.2 2.2 0.5 38.6 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -3.8 -0.4 1.2 9.5 4.7 0.1
2 289 K
22.01.1
4
SELAN
GOR
AJIP
CRF C 10.0 6.2 20.7 2.3 0.5 39.6 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -0.4 2.6 3.4 14.2 7.6 2.9
3 290 K
22.01.1
4
AJIP
CRF
A -
060120
14 10.37 6.2 20.4 2.3 0.5 39.7 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 3.7 3.6 2.0 13.2 0.8 3.2
4 291 K
22.01.1
4
AJIP
CRF C 10.543 6.3 20.2 2.5 0.8 40.3 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 5.4 4.3 1.2 23.1 50.3 4.6
5 292 K
22.01.1
4
AJIP
CRF
A -
070120
14 9.5 6.2 21.1 2.2 0.6 39.5 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -5.1 2.5 5.4 9.8 17.8 2.6
6 293 K
22.01.1
4
AJIP
CRF C 9.8 6.1 21.0 2.3 0.5 39.7 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -2.3 1.9 5.1 13.5 7.2 3.2
7 294 K
22.01.1
4
AJIP
CRF
A -
080120
14 10.315 6.1 20.8 2.0 0.6 39.8 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 3.2 1.4 4.2 0.3 12.7 3.4
8 295 K
22.01.1
4
AJIP
CRF C 9.4 6.6 20.6 2.5 0.5 39.7 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -5.5 10.7 2.8 25.1 0.2 3.0
9 296 K
22.01.1
4
AJIP
CRF
A -
090120
14 10.386 5.9 20.6 2.1 0.6 39.6 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 3.9 -1.3 3.1 5.1 24.7 3.0
10 297 K
22.01.1
4
AJIP
CRF C 10.0 6.6 21.0 2.4 0.7 40.7 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 0.2 10.1 5.2 20.7 32.3 5.8
11 298 K
22.01.1
4
AJIP
CRF
A -
100120
14 10.499 6.2 20.3 2.4 0.7 40.0 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 5.0 2.6 1.3 20.4 34.8 3.9
12 299 K
22.01.1
4
AJIP
CRF C 9.5 6.0 20.6 2.2 0.6 39.1 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -4.6 0.5 3.2 10.9 28.1 1.5
Results
No Date Lab LOKASI BLOK/PLOT Sample % PPM
Received ID Type ^TN ^TC ^S #C/N ^P ^K ^Ca ^Mg ^B ^Fe ^Mn ^Cu ^Zn
2 30/4/2014 30 LADANG SG. CHATES P01/1/2 SAWIT 3.11 49.23 0.34 15.85 0.152 0.97 0.73 0.25 18 125.50 147 7.80 13.40
31 P01/2/2 3.10 49.01 0.34 15.81 0.161 1.01 0.79 0.27 19 136.80 154 8.70 14.10
32 P02/1/3 2.97 49.12 0.35 16.56 0.144 0.96 0.83 0.21 17 122.20 106 7.10 12.50
33 P02/2/3 3.05 49.01 0.34 16.05 0.143 0.95 0.82 0.21 17 116.50 106 6.40 11.80
34 P02/3/3 2.92 49.00 0.33 16.76 0.151 1.02 0.87 0.22 18 141.40 111 7.20 13.90
35 P03/1/3 2.92 49.48 0.32 16.96 0.144 1.04 0.72 0.22 17 114.00 196 7.20 12.30
36 P03/2/3 2.82 49.54 0.33 17.57 0.147 1.04 0.79 0.24 17 95.30 195 2.20 9.90
37 P03/3/3 2.91 49.45 0.33 16.97 0.141 1.00 0.66 0.21 17 101.10 190 5.00 11.30
38 P04/1/2 2.97 48.98 0.33 16.50 0.145 1.04 0.80 0.22 16 109.10 138 8.20 17.10
39 P04/2/2 2.94 49.09 0.32 16.68 0.146 1.02 0.81 0.23 17 113.40 140 7.90 13.30
40 P05/1/1 3.00 49.40 0.31 16.47 0.151 1.08 0.84 0.24 17 111.90 147 8.10 14.90
41 P06/1/1 3.06 48.68 0.32 15.91 0.153 1.17 0.78 0.23 18 106.30 135 8.90 12.30
42 P07/1/1 2.96 48.94 0.33 16.54 0.148 1.14 0.77 0.22 17 114.10 132 9.50 13.10
KAJIAN KESAN PENGGUNAAN
BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP
PENINGKATAN HASIL SAWIT
DAN KESUBURAN TANAH
Latar Belakang
◦ Kajian awal kesan BO di Ladang RISDA Palong,
N.Sembilan
◦ Kesan terhadap hasil
Tahun 2011* 2012* 2013*
Luas (Ha) 92.64 92.64 92.64
Yield (mt) 2095.50 2408.64 1573.20
Yield
(mt/Ha)
22.62 26.00 16.98
Latar Belakang
◦ Kesan terhadap kesuburan tanah
Tahun Sampling
Meq/100g %
CEC K Mg OC
2008 (sebelum
BO)
8.22 0.09 0.21 0.73
2012 (sebelum
BO)
11.0
6
0.59 0.37 0.90
Latar Belakang
◦ Kesan BO terhadap kelembapan tanah dan
pertumbuhan akar
41.07 %
8.92 g
52.58 %
2.94 g
5.29 %
1.22 g
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Kelembapan tanah Berat akar
Dalam karung Bawah karung tanpa BOE
Hipotesis
◦ Penggunaan bahan organik meningkatkan hasil
minimum 5%
◦ Baja kimia dapat dikurangkan 20% dan
digantikan dengan bahan organik
◦ Meningkatkan kesuburan tanah
Kaedah Kajian
Plot Tahun Treatment Aplikasi BO
T1 (Control) 1 100% baja kimia Tiada
2 100% baja kimia
3 100% baja kimia
T2 1 100% baja kimia + 10 kg BO Bag diletak
di antara 2
pokok
2 80% baja kimia + 10 kg BO
3 70% baja kimia + 10 kg BO
T3 1 100% baja kimia + 10 kg BO Tabur
sekeliling
sawit
2 80% baja kimia + 10 kg BO
3 70% baja kimia + 10 kg BO
Parameter
Bil Parameter Matang Muda Catatan
1 Hasil 1)Bilangan
tandan
2)Berat tandan
Tiada Setiap bulan
2 Tanah 1)CEC
2)Base
saturation
3)Kandungan
karbon organik
4)Kelembapan
tanah
5)N, P, K, Mg
6)pH
1)CEC
2)Base saturation
3)Kandungan
karbon organik
4)Kelembapan
tanah
5)N, P, K, Mg
6)pH
Sekali dalam setahun
3 Foliar 1)N, P, K, Mg Pengukuran
tampang
(Vegetative
Measurement)
Sekali dalam setahun
4 VM Tiada Pengukuran
tampang
(Vegetative
Measurement)
2 kali setahun
Lokasi
◦ Kajian dijalankan di blok 30
1
3
dalam ladang RISDA Palong Division
B.
Jenis
baja
Aplikasi
baja
Kadar
Replikasi
(plot)
bilangan pokok Kadar asal
baja/pokok
(kg)
Kadar baja/plot
(kg)
Jumlah
plot
Jumlah baja
(kg)
Jumlah baja
(tan)
Pengurangan
baja
Catatan
Kadar setelah
pengurangan
Guard Palm Majoring Palm
BOE PLUS A T1 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
BOE PLUS A T2 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
BOE PLUS A T3 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
0 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8
BOE PLUS A T4 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 pengurangan 30% 2.5
BOE PLUS B T1 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
BOE PLUS B T2 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
BOE PLUS B T3 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8
BOE PLUS B T4 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 pengurangan 30% 2.5
POME A T1 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
POME A T2 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
POME A T3 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8
POME A T4 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 pengurangan 30% 2.5
POME B T1 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
POME B T2 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5
POME B T3 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8
POME B T4 3
6 x 7
42 pokok
3 x 4
12 pokok
3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 prmgurangan 30% 2.5
Jumlah 48 2016 pokok 576 pokok 48 6.1992
PLOT
SYMBOL PLOT NO SYMBOL PLOT NO SYMBOL PLOT NO SYMBOL
BP T1 R1 A 25 1009-1050 BP T1 R2 A 3 85-126 BP T1 R3 A 8 295-336 BP T1 R1 A
BP T2 R1 A 35 1429-1470 BP T2 R2 A 51 2101-2142 BP T2 R3 A 22 883-924 BP T2 R1 A
BP T3 R1 A 45 1849-1890 BP T3 R2 A 16 631-672 BP T3 R3 A 41 1681-1722 BP T3 R1 A
BP T4 R1 A 36 1471-1512 BP T4 R2 A 44 1807-1848 BP T4 R3 A 27 1093-1134 BP T4 R1 A
BP T1 R1 B 50 2059-2100 BP T1 R2 B 7 253-294 BP T1 R3 B 4 127-168 BP T1 R1 B
BP T2 R1 B 43 1765-1806 BP T2 R2 B 13 505-546 BP T2 R3 B 17 673-714 BP T2 R1 B
BP T3 R1 B 24 967-1008 BP T3 R2 B 19 757-798 BP T3 R3 B 33 1345-1386 BP T3 R1 B
BP T4 R1 B 30 1219-1260 BP T4 R2 B 14 547-588 BP T4 R3 B 26 1051-1092 BP T4 R1 B
P T1 R1 A 48 1975-2016 P T1 R2 A 47 1933-1974 P T1 R3 A 38 1555-1596 P T1 R1 A
P T2 R1 A 34 1387-1428 P T2 R2 A 5 169-210 P T2 R3 A 6 211-252 P T2 R1 A
P T3 R1 A 11 421-462 P T3 R2 A 40 1639-1680 P T3 R3 A 42 1723-1764 P T3 R1 A
P T4 R1 A 10 379-420 P T4 R2 A 32 1303-1344 P T4 R3 A 23 925-966 P T4 R1 A
P T1 R1 B 2 43-84 P T1 R2 B 1 Jan-42 P T1 R3 B 46 1891-1932 P T1 R1 B
P T2 R1 B 15 589-630 P T2 R2 B 9 337-378 P T2 R3 B 31 1261-1302 P T2 R1 B
P T3 R1 B 49 2017-2058 P T3 R2 B 18 715-756 P T3 R3 B 39 1597-1638 P T3 R1 B
P T4 R1 B 29 1177-1218 P T4 R2 B 20 799-840 P T3 R3 B 37 1513-1554 P T4 R1 B
HI-KAY 21 841-882 HI-KAY 12 463-504 HI-KAY 28 1135-1176 HI-KAY
Presentation1
Conclusion
◦ I had learned and sharpen my skill in laboratory
techniques and protocol in running analysis.
◦ I had the opportunity to run industrial machines
such as BUCHI distillation unit and Elemental
Analyzer
◦ I had also been given opportunity to assist the
research and development personnel in the field.
◦ In conclusion, I obtained training that fulfil my
objectives in industrial training at ERAS.
THANK YOU

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Presentation1

  • 1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT ERAS, ESPEK SDN. BHD. Siti Nur Izzah bt. Abd Malik 154487 Bachelor of Horticultural Science
  • 2. Company Background ◦ Estet Pekebun Kecil Sdn. Bhd.(ESPEK) was established to administrate small holding farms under RISDA. ◦ ESPEK also offers advisory services through ESPEK Research and Advisory Services (ERAS). ◦ ERAS have been accredited by ISO / IEC 17025 and can provide test report and calibration results.
  • 3. ERAS (ESPEK Research and Advisory Services) Managem ent Unit Surveyor Unit R&D Unit Laboratory Unit Includes 3 laboratories (soil, foliar, and fertilizer) Provide agriculture consultation and collect samples from RISDA estates Conduct research and development within ESPEK/RISDA estates
  • 4. Fertilizer Analysis Objective: ◦ The main objective in analyzing fertilizers is to assess their quality. ◦ The quality of fertilizers is stated by the manufacturers and statutorily notified. ◦ Analysis is carried out to determine whether the stated quality meets the statutorily notified standards or not.
  • 5. Determination of P, K, Mg and B using ICP machine. Weigh 2.5 g of fertilizer samples into a 250 ml beaker. Add 100 ml of distilled water into the beaker. Add 10 ml of HCl acid and 5 ml of Nitric acid into the beaker. Boil samples hot plate for 20 minutes. After heating, the samples were left to cool for 5 minutes before transferring into a 500ml volumetric flask.
  • 6. Make up the volume until 500 ml. The solutions were then filtered using filter paper and collected using plastic vial. After filtering completed, the solution were then transferred into test tube to be analyzed by ICP machines.
  • 7. Foliar Analysis Objective: ◦ Foster (2003) stated “The assessment of nutrient deficiencies using foliar diagnosis is an entirely empirical system”. ◦ Despite this, leaf analysis is perhaps the most common diagnostic tool to determine the nutritional status of oil palm and estimate the appropriate fertilizer rates.
  • 8. Preparation of ash solution Method: 1. Weigh accurately about 1 to 2 g of sample into silica dish 2. Place the dish in the furnace and raise temperature gradually to 300oC and maintain until smoking ceases. 3. Raise temperature to 500oC and continue at this temperature until white or greyish ash is obtained. 4. Remove and cool in dessicator
  • 9. 5. Moisten the ash with few drops of water 6. Add 2ml conc. HCl and evaporate to dryness on a hot-plate. 7. Add 10 ml of nitric acid and digest on water- bath for 1 hour. 8. Filter into a 100ml volumetric flask using filter paper. 9. Make up to volume with water and mix well.
  • 11. Results BIL MAKM AL TERIM A LOKASI JENIS NO TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL BAJA RUJUK AN ^N P2O5 ^K2O ^MgO ^B2O3 # ^N P2O5 ^K2O ^MgO ^B2O3 # ^N P2O5 ^K2O ^MgO ^B2O3 # 1 288 K 22.01.1 4 ESPEK SDN. BHD AJIP CRF A - 040120 14 9.6 6.0 20.2 2.2 0.5 38.6 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -3.8 -0.4 1.2 9.5 4.7 0.1 2 289 K 22.01.1 4 SELAN GOR AJIP CRF C 10.0 6.2 20.7 2.3 0.5 39.6 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -0.4 2.6 3.4 14.2 7.6 2.9 3 290 K 22.01.1 4 AJIP CRF A - 060120 14 10.37 6.2 20.4 2.3 0.5 39.7 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 3.7 3.6 2.0 13.2 0.8 3.2 4 291 K 22.01.1 4 AJIP CRF C 10.543 6.3 20.2 2.5 0.8 40.3 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 5.4 4.3 1.2 23.1 50.3 4.6 5 292 K 22.01.1 4 AJIP CRF A - 070120 14 9.5 6.2 21.1 2.2 0.6 39.5 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -5.1 2.5 5.4 9.8 17.8 2.6 6 293 K 22.01.1 4 AJIP CRF C 9.8 6.1 21.0 2.3 0.5 39.7 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -2.3 1.9 5.1 13.5 7.2 3.2 7 294 K 22.01.1 4 AJIP CRF A - 080120 14 10.315 6.1 20.8 2.0 0.6 39.8 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 3.2 1.4 4.2 0.3 12.7 3.4 8 295 K 22.01.1 4 AJIP CRF C 9.4 6.6 20.6 2.5 0.5 39.7 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -5.5 10.7 2.8 25.1 0.2 3.0 9 296 K 22.01.1 4 AJIP CRF A - 090120 14 10.386 5.9 20.6 2.1 0.6 39.6 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 3.9 -1.3 3.1 5.1 24.7 3.0 10 297 K 22.01.1 4 AJIP CRF C 10.0 6.6 21.0 2.4 0.7 40.7 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 0.2 10.1 5.2 20.7 32.3 5.8 11 298 K 22.01.1 4 AJIP CRF A - 100120 14 10.499 6.2 20.3 2.4 0.7 40.0 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 5.0 2.6 1.3 20.4 34.8 3.9 12 299 K 22.01.1 4 AJIP CRF C 9.5 6.0 20.6 2.2 0.6 39.1 10.0 6.0 20.0 2.0 0.5 38.5 -4.6 0.5 3.2 10.9 28.1 1.5
  • 12. Results No Date Lab LOKASI BLOK/PLOT Sample % PPM Received ID Type ^TN ^TC ^S #C/N ^P ^K ^Ca ^Mg ^B ^Fe ^Mn ^Cu ^Zn 2 30/4/2014 30 LADANG SG. CHATES P01/1/2 SAWIT 3.11 49.23 0.34 15.85 0.152 0.97 0.73 0.25 18 125.50 147 7.80 13.40 31 P01/2/2 3.10 49.01 0.34 15.81 0.161 1.01 0.79 0.27 19 136.80 154 8.70 14.10 32 P02/1/3 2.97 49.12 0.35 16.56 0.144 0.96 0.83 0.21 17 122.20 106 7.10 12.50 33 P02/2/3 3.05 49.01 0.34 16.05 0.143 0.95 0.82 0.21 17 116.50 106 6.40 11.80 34 P02/3/3 2.92 49.00 0.33 16.76 0.151 1.02 0.87 0.22 18 141.40 111 7.20 13.90 35 P03/1/3 2.92 49.48 0.32 16.96 0.144 1.04 0.72 0.22 17 114.00 196 7.20 12.30 36 P03/2/3 2.82 49.54 0.33 17.57 0.147 1.04 0.79 0.24 17 95.30 195 2.20 9.90 37 P03/3/3 2.91 49.45 0.33 16.97 0.141 1.00 0.66 0.21 17 101.10 190 5.00 11.30 38 P04/1/2 2.97 48.98 0.33 16.50 0.145 1.04 0.80 0.22 16 109.10 138 8.20 17.10 39 P04/2/2 2.94 49.09 0.32 16.68 0.146 1.02 0.81 0.23 17 113.40 140 7.90 13.30 40 P05/1/1 3.00 49.40 0.31 16.47 0.151 1.08 0.84 0.24 17 111.90 147 8.10 14.90 41 P06/1/1 3.06 48.68 0.32 15.91 0.153 1.17 0.78 0.23 18 106.30 135 8.90 12.30 42 P07/1/1 2.96 48.94 0.33 16.54 0.148 1.14 0.77 0.22 17 114.10 132 9.50 13.10
  • 13. KAJIAN KESAN PENGGUNAAN BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL SAWIT DAN KESUBURAN TANAH
  • 14. Latar Belakang ◦ Kajian awal kesan BO di Ladang RISDA Palong, N.Sembilan ◦ Kesan terhadap hasil Tahun 2011* 2012* 2013* Luas (Ha) 92.64 92.64 92.64 Yield (mt) 2095.50 2408.64 1573.20 Yield (mt/Ha) 22.62 26.00 16.98
  • 15. Latar Belakang ◦ Kesan terhadap kesuburan tanah Tahun Sampling Meq/100g % CEC K Mg OC 2008 (sebelum BO) 8.22 0.09 0.21 0.73 2012 (sebelum BO) 11.0 6 0.59 0.37 0.90
  • 16. Latar Belakang ◦ Kesan BO terhadap kelembapan tanah dan pertumbuhan akar 41.07 % 8.92 g 52.58 % 2.94 g 5.29 % 1.22 g 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Kelembapan tanah Berat akar Dalam karung Bawah karung tanpa BOE
  • 17. Hipotesis ◦ Penggunaan bahan organik meningkatkan hasil minimum 5% ◦ Baja kimia dapat dikurangkan 20% dan digantikan dengan bahan organik ◦ Meningkatkan kesuburan tanah
  • 18. Kaedah Kajian Plot Tahun Treatment Aplikasi BO T1 (Control) 1 100% baja kimia Tiada 2 100% baja kimia 3 100% baja kimia T2 1 100% baja kimia + 10 kg BO Bag diletak di antara 2 pokok 2 80% baja kimia + 10 kg BO 3 70% baja kimia + 10 kg BO T3 1 100% baja kimia + 10 kg BO Tabur sekeliling sawit 2 80% baja kimia + 10 kg BO 3 70% baja kimia + 10 kg BO
  • 19. Parameter Bil Parameter Matang Muda Catatan 1 Hasil 1)Bilangan tandan 2)Berat tandan Tiada Setiap bulan 2 Tanah 1)CEC 2)Base saturation 3)Kandungan karbon organik 4)Kelembapan tanah 5)N, P, K, Mg 6)pH 1)CEC 2)Base saturation 3)Kandungan karbon organik 4)Kelembapan tanah 5)N, P, K, Mg 6)pH Sekali dalam setahun 3 Foliar 1)N, P, K, Mg Pengukuran tampang (Vegetative Measurement) Sekali dalam setahun 4 VM Tiada Pengukuran tampang (Vegetative Measurement) 2 kali setahun
  • 20. Lokasi ◦ Kajian dijalankan di blok 30 1 3 dalam ladang RISDA Palong Division B.
  • 21. Jenis baja Aplikasi baja Kadar Replikasi (plot) bilangan pokok Kadar asal baja/pokok (kg) Kadar baja/plot (kg) Jumlah plot Jumlah baja (kg) Jumlah baja (tan) Pengurangan baja Catatan Kadar setelah pengurangan Guard Palm Majoring Palm BOE PLUS A T1 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5 BOE PLUS A T2 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5 BOE PLUS A T3 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 0 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8 BOE PLUS A T4 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 pengurangan 30% 2.5 BOE PLUS B T1 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5 BOE PLUS B T2 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5 BOE PLUS B T3 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8 BOE PLUS B T4 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 pengurangan 30% 2.5 POME A T1 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5 POME A T2 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5 POME A T3 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8 POME A T4 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 pengurangan 30% 2.5 POME B T1 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5 POME B T2 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 147 3 441 0.441 1.428 tiada pengurangan 3.5 POME B T3 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 117.6 3 352.8 0.3528 0.28224 pengurangan 20% 2.8 POME B T4 3 6 x 7 42 pokok 3 x 4 12 pokok 3.5 105 3 315 0.315 0.2205 prmgurangan 30% 2.5 Jumlah 48 2016 pokok 576 pokok 48 6.1992
  • 22. PLOT SYMBOL PLOT NO SYMBOL PLOT NO SYMBOL PLOT NO SYMBOL BP T1 R1 A 25 1009-1050 BP T1 R2 A 3 85-126 BP T1 R3 A 8 295-336 BP T1 R1 A BP T2 R1 A 35 1429-1470 BP T2 R2 A 51 2101-2142 BP T2 R3 A 22 883-924 BP T2 R1 A BP T3 R1 A 45 1849-1890 BP T3 R2 A 16 631-672 BP T3 R3 A 41 1681-1722 BP T3 R1 A BP T4 R1 A 36 1471-1512 BP T4 R2 A 44 1807-1848 BP T4 R3 A 27 1093-1134 BP T4 R1 A BP T1 R1 B 50 2059-2100 BP T1 R2 B 7 253-294 BP T1 R3 B 4 127-168 BP T1 R1 B BP T2 R1 B 43 1765-1806 BP T2 R2 B 13 505-546 BP T2 R3 B 17 673-714 BP T2 R1 B BP T3 R1 B 24 967-1008 BP T3 R2 B 19 757-798 BP T3 R3 B 33 1345-1386 BP T3 R1 B BP T4 R1 B 30 1219-1260 BP T4 R2 B 14 547-588 BP T4 R3 B 26 1051-1092 BP T4 R1 B P T1 R1 A 48 1975-2016 P T1 R2 A 47 1933-1974 P T1 R3 A 38 1555-1596 P T1 R1 A P T2 R1 A 34 1387-1428 P T2 R2 A 5 169-210 P T2 R3 A 6 211-252 P T2 R1 A P T3 R1 A 11 421-462 P T3 R2 A 40 1639-1680 P T3 R3 A 42 1723-1764 P T3 R1 A P T4 R1 A 10 379-420 P T4 R2 A 32 1303-1344 P T4 R3 A 23 925-966 P T4 R1 A P T1 R1 B 2 43-84 P T1 R2 B 1 Jan-42 P T1 R3 B 46 1891-1932 P T1 R1 B P T2 R1 B 15 589-630 P T2 R2 B 9 337-378 P T2 R3 B 31 1261-1302 P T2 R1 B P T3 R1 B 49 2017-2058 P T3 R2 B 18 715-756 P T3 R3 B 39 1597-1638 P T3 R1 B P T4 R1 B 29 1177-1218 P T4 R2 B 20 799-840 P T3 R3 B 37 1513-1554 P T4 R1 B HI-KAY 21 841-882 HI-KAY 12 463-504 HI-KAY 28 1135-1176 HI-KAY
  • 24. Conclusion ◦ I had learned and sharpen my skill in laboratory techniques and protocol in running analysis. ◦ I had the opportunity to run industrial machines such as BUCHI distillation unit and Elemental Analyzer ◦ I had also been given opportunity to assist the research and development personnel in the field. ◦ In conclusion, I obtained training that fulfil my objectives in industrial training at ERAS.