7. Primary Schools are for six years,
High school, six years and
College or university, three to six
years.
High school
junior high school (year 7- year 10)
senior high school (year 11- year 12)
but these vary from state to state.
9. The entry age of compulsory
education is 6 years old and exit age,
15 years old.
Primary education is provided by
government and non-government
primary schools.
• The length of the program is six years
for 6 yrs. old to 12 yrs. old children.
• However, in most states, children start
primary school at the age of five
when they enroll in preparatory or
kindergarten year.
10. •Junior secondary level (4 years).
12 to 16 years old.
a Junior Secondary Certificate of
Education (Year 10 Certificate) is
awarded at the end of Junior
secondary level.
The government, non-government
Co-Educational
Comprehensive/Multi-Purpose High
School provides junior secondary
level of education.
11. •Senior secondary (2 years)
16-18 years old
Not compulsory education.
offered by government and non-government
providers.
A senior Secondary Certificate of
Education (Year 12 Certificate) is
awarded at the end of the senior
secondary level.
12. •From the primary to the secondary
levels, most students are enrolled in
government schools which operate
under the direct responsibility of the
State or Territory Education Minister.
•The federal government provides
supplementary financial support.
16. Main purpose:
1. to enable individuals to develop their
capabilities for effective participation in
the workforce, for constructive
contribution to society and for personal
growth and fulfillment;
2. to advance knowledge and
understanding;
17. 3. aid the application of knowledge and
understanding for the benefit of the
economy and the society;
4. enable individuals to adapt and learn,
consistent with the needs of an
adaptable knowledge-based economy
at the local, regional and national levels;
5. contribute to democratic civilized
society.
18. •Australian universities are autonomous
self-accredited institutions established
by Federal, State or Territory legislation.
• Academic year in Australia begins in
March and ends in November. The
long vacation comes from December
1 to February 28 of every year
19. Undergraduate studies last between
three, (Arts, Science, Commerce)
four years (Education, Engineering)
five years, (Veterinary Science,
Dentistry, Architecture) and
six years (Medicine and Surgery) full
time.
Arts and Science usually offer either a
bachelor's degree (Pass) obtained in
four years.
An honours degree is normally required
for university level second stage:
postgraduate studies.
20. A graduate with a bachelor's degree
can proceed to a
•one-year to two-year post graduate
course leading to a postgraduate
diploma.
•A student who has qualified for a
bachelor's degree (Honours) may
proceed to a master's degree. This
degree may be obtained after one
year (Pass Degree) or two years
(Honours degree) of full time study.
21. •A student who has qualified for a
bachelor's degree (honours) may
proceed to study for doctorate
usually Ph.D. ,
higher doctorate in science (DSsc)
or Humanities (DLitt) upon
submission of published work are
awarded the degrees.
24. •It is the largest educational system of
the world (Wang, 1996; Nanjundiah,
1996).
•The course syllabi are written by
scientists and professors hired by the
National Educational Commission.
25. •The first six years of school make up the
primary grades which is devoted to
development of cognitive skills, and this
is followed by another six years of high
schools.
•Class size ranged from 40 to 60 students
•National University Entrance
Examination.
•(Changbin, 1995; Kwang, 2000)
26. New educational system:
1. Six years of primary education
2. Three years of junior middle school,
three years of senior middle school
3. Six years of university
4. Varieties of technical and vocation
schools.
32. The Japanese education system
• administered by the Mombusho or
Ministry of Education.
• The school system from kindergarten
through university serves about 24
million students, with about ten
percent going to the university.
About one third go to the private
schools and the rest are enrolled in the
public of national school system
(Abner, 2002)
33. Japan in the 21st century:
Environment, Economy
and Society
34. " Japan's educational system produces
students who perform for better on
international examinations than Americans
do, and Japanese students are indisputably
among the best in the world in solving
mathematical equations...Youngsters are
well behaved, envied around and law
abiding; Japan's low crime rates are well
known and widely envied around the world.
But what is even more striking than the lack
of crime is the overwhelming civility; graffiti
and vandalism are rare and schools sports
teams not only bow to each other before
the game but rush over the opposing team's
stand after the game to pay their respect."
35. a. Basic Education Structure
of Japanese Educational
System
Five basic levels:
•kindergarten,
•elementary school (six years)
•lowers secondary school (three years)
•upper secondary (three years) and
•university (usually around four years).
36. •There are also preschool (yochien) with
mainly female teachers. These are not
official part of the educational system.
Prefectural boards license teachers,
appoints teachers to public elementary
and secondary schools and also license
preschools in their area.
•In Japan, education is free and
compulsory for children 6 to 15 years.
Classes are large and teaching methods is
usually lecture. Japanese students spend
243 days in a year in school. The school
calendar is year-round with some breaks
between sessions.
37. •Standard curriculum includes Japanese
language, social studies, math and
science along with art, music, home
economics, physical education, and the
most emphasis being given to learning the
Japanese language.
•Lower secondary schools
•cover grade 7-9. Men compose two-thirds of
the teachers in this level. Class size average
38 and the periods are 50 minutes long.
38. Upper secondary schools offer academic,
technical and vocational programs.
• The first year courses included Japanese
language, English, Science and Math.
• Vocational course includes information
processing, navigation, fish farming,
ceramics and business English.
• Ranked based on their success in
placing graduating students into
prestigious universities.
39.
40.
41. b. Higher Education
•Junior colleges by women who want to
pursue courses stress home economics,
nursing, teaching, humanities and social
science.
•There are various universities that
students can attend in Japan. Private
institutions make up 80% of university
enrollments although the public schools
have the most prestige.
42. To get into the universities (there are
more than 500) the student must take
two exams;
the first one is a national
achievement test and
the second one is given by the
university itself.
46. In South Africa, the Constitution guarantees
equal access to basic education.
The identified values and principles to South
African education include equity and redress,
access to basic education opportunities for
lifelong learning, quality, in terms of providing
learners with learning opportunities of
acceptable standards, efficiency,
democratic participation, sustainability of
development and relevance of education.
The Ministry of Education in May 1994 was
tasked to deal with education and training at
the national level.
47. a. Structure and organization
of the educational system in
basic education
Sectors or levels:
• public ordinary school education,
•independent school education,
•special school education,
•technical college education,
•teacher training and university training.
48. PUBLIC SCHOOL >> The levels are pre-primary,
primary, secondary and higher education.
Compulsory General Education and Training
(GET) covers the reception year, Grades R to
Grades IX.
corresponds to Level 1 of the National Qualification
Framework (NQF)
divided into three phases:
•Foundation (Grades R-III)
•Intermediate (Grades VI-VI) and
•Senior (Grades VII-IX).
As a rule, children start primary education is divided
into junior primary (Grades I-III) and senior primary
(Grades IV-VI).
49. • Grades VII-IX is the last stage of
compulsory education and will lead to
General Education and Training
Certificate.
• Further Education and Training (FET) or
senior secondary education (Grades X-XII)
is not compulsory. At the end of
Grade XII, students sit a public
examination leading to senior Certificate.
• Technical secondary education which
generally lasts for three years are offered
in technical centers, high schools and
vocational schools.
50. Eight learning areas:
* Language, Literacy and
Communication
* Mathematical Literacy, mathematics
and Mathematical Science
* Natural Science
* Technology
* Human and Social Science
* Economics and Management
Science
* Arts and Culture
* Life Orientation
54. TERTIARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION
• Correspond to Level 5-8 of the National
Qualification Framework (NQF)
• Institutions
• Colleges
• Technikons
• Universities
• Most colleges offer three-year
programme leading to the Diploma in
Education (4 year for higher diplomas).
• Nursing colleges and Hospital Schools for
nursing (4 years) leading to a diploma.
55. Agricultural colleges offer
• one-year certificate,
• two-year higher certificate and
• three –year diploma courses.
Technikons also offer
bachelor’s (four-year course) masters and
doctoral degrees (magister technologiae)
usually require a minimum of one year of study,
the doctorates (Laureatus in Technology/Doctor
Technologiae) at least two years.
An honours degree requires one additional year
of study.
A master’s degree is obtained after one or two
year of study and the minimum time to
complete a doctorate is two years.
56. •One school year consists of forty-one
week (196 school days) which is divided
into four terms.
•Other relevant sectors of the
educational structure include special
education, private education or
independent schools, adult and non-formal
education and HIV/AIDS
education.
59. •In England, education is compulsory for
children ages 5-16.
•Most children attend primary schools
until they are eleven and the transfer to
secondary schools. In the primary school
the subjects are taught by the same
teacher for a year before moving on to
the next teacher and next grade level
on the next year.(Sadker,2002)
60. •The National Curriculum is defined as the
minimum educational requirement for
compulsory school age, 5 to 16 years. It is
mandatory for all state schools to provide a
balanced broadly based curriculum which
promotes spiritual, moral, cultural, mental
and physical development, prepares them
for opportunities, responsibilities and
experiences of adult life. It includes religious
education and for secondary students sex
and career education. Almost all the
schools whether private or state choose to
follow the national curriculum.
61. a. Basic education
•The national curriculum core subjects
include English, Mathematics, and Science.
Each key level has definite emphasis that
gradually becomes more advanced as the
level progresses.
•Foundation Stage - this is included in the
national curriculum which covers children
aged 3-5 years, but does not have a strong
mandate as to what needs to happen
during these years of schooling as it is not
yet mandatory.
62. •Key Stage One - it includes children aged 5-7
years and year groups grades 1-2. It mandates
core subjects including English, Mathematics,
and Science and non-core foundation subjects
as design/technology, history, art/design, music
and physical education. Other statutory areas
are religious education, the format of which is
decided by Local Education Authorities (LEA’S)
or by the faith in which the school was founded.
•Key Stage Two - it includes children aged 7-11
and year groups 3-6. It mandates the same core
and non-core foundation subjects, with more
emphasis on more difficult topics and the
addition of sex education to additional statutory
areas which is left up to the policy of school
governors (school board).
63. •Key Stage Three- it includes children aged 11-14
years and year groups 7-9. It mandates the
same basics in Key Stages One and Two, but
adds Foreign Language, and Information and
Communication Technology to the mix while
adding appropriate difficulty to the core
subjects.
•Key Stage Four- it includes those aged 14-16
and year groups 10-11. It covers the statutory
program that must be taught to all students.
Most schools include in their core curriculum
courses that lead to qualifications in each of the
five subject areas which are English, Math,
Science, Information and Communication
Technology (ICT), and Physical education.
64. • Post 16 Education-
Some secondary schools go beyond the 11-16 mandates to
11-18 and the student may stay there. If the high school does
not offer these ‘Sixth Form’ extra years, the student may go to
a “Further Education College” (FEC).
The following certificates or diploma can be awarded in the
Post 16 Education.
General Certificate of Education (GCE), a level comprising
advanced subsidiary (AS) and A2, each of these usually
containing three assessed units.
Vocational Certificate of Education (VCE) --- a level,
dealing with the more applied aspects of the subject; they
are available in three, six, and twelve unit sizes; they replaced
the advanced
General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs).
Foundation and Intermediate GNVQ are widely used 16-19.
Key skills qualifications at levels 1-4 of the National
Qualifications framework.
67. b. Higher Education
•In 1992, the binary divide in the higher education
system was abolished. Former polytechnics
became universities enabling them to award their
own degrees. Divisions continue to label pre-1992
universities as the “old” universities and the former
polytechnics as the “new” universities.
•Higher education system in the UK needs to
include reference to the Open University as a
major provider of the undergraduate and
postgraduate degrees for adults. The Open
University pioneered the way for opening access
by offering greater flexibility for adult learners
through distance learning programs.
68. •Students studying at a university for their first
degree are called “undergraduates”. Once a
student has graduated, he/she becomes a
“graduate” of the university. Ordinary degree
programmes in the UK universities are usually 3-
year courses. Undergraduates completing these
programmes successfully are awarded either a
Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor of Science (B.
Sc.) degrees are not permitted to place B.A. or
B.Sc after their names.
•Honours degree programmes are usually four-year
courses. The degree title is extended to
B.A. (Hons.) and B.Sc. (Hons.), respectively.
69. •Masters degree is usually achieved after
two more years study following an
Ordinary or an Honour degree. The
students are awarded M.A. or M.Sc.
•A doctorate is normally awarded after
several years (three years full time) of
research under the direction of a
member of a department of a possession
of a doctorate and the presentation of a
doctoral dissertation or thesis.
73. a. Structure and Organization
of Basic Education
PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION
• Kindergartens,
• Nursery schools,
• Preschool programmes, and
• Child/day care centers.
Age level is 4-6 years old and the
duration is 2 years.
74. PRIMARY EDUCATION
•Grades 1-4- children are from ages 6 to 10.
•Transition to middle school
•Grades 1 to 5- children are from ages 6 to
11
•Transition to middle school
•Grades 1-6- children are from ages 6 to 12
•Transition to junior high school
•Grades 1-7- children ages 6 to 14
•Transitions to junior high school
75. Middle school education- Grades 4-6,
5-7, or 6-8.
•Age level is from 10-14
•Length of the program is 3 years.
76. Secondary education- high school- Grades
7-12 or 8-12
•Ages 12-18 years old
•High school diploma is awarded
•2 levels
Junior high school
Grades 7-8, 7-9, or 8-9
•Ages 12-14 years old
Senior high school
Grades 9-12, or 10-12
Ages 14-18 years old.
Duration of compulsory education is from
entry of 6 years old to exit of 18 years old.
79. b. Higher Education
Higher education in the U.S. begins at the
post secondary education. It is diverse
and autonomous community of publicly
and privately supported institutions.
Current data states that there are some
2,819 institutions offering Bachelor’s or
higher degrees and 4,927 institutions
offering shorter non degrees of two years
duration. These higher education
institutions are classified according to the
following categories:
80. Research universities (I and II) -
Comprehensive doctorate granting
institutions that have extensive
theoretical and applied research in a
wide variety of programs.
Doctorate – granting universities (I
and II) – Universities offering
comprehensive studies but awards
Doctorate in limited fields or areas.
81. Master’s (Comprehensive) universities
and colleges (I and II) – Institutions
offering academic and professional
programmes at the Bachelor’s and
Master’s levels but do not award
research doctorate.
Baccalaureate (Liberal Arts) Colleges
(I and II)- Institutions offering Bachelor’s
degrees but not higher.
82. Associate of Arts colleges- they offer
academic and professional or occupational
studies at the Associate Degree level including
public community colleges and public and
private junior colleges.
Professional school and the other specialized
institutions- institutions that offer only one or few
related courses in the professional or academic
with degree levels from associate to research
doctorates.
Postsecondary vocational and technical
schools- institutions offering short non-degree
training programs of less than two years
duration, leading to certificates or diplomas in
occupational specialties.
83. Post secondary education- there is no real age
categories for post secondary education.
Generally, American students starts college
right after completing high school (About 60%
of all students who graduate from high school
enter college at some point in their life), Junior
and technical colleges are designed to be 4-
year programs at the undergraduate level. In
reality, the average American takes over 6
years to finish a four year degree. The reason is
that more than 50% of college freshmen do not
know what major or specialization they wish to
study. Also many students work to pay for
college expenses. Thus, they may take fewer
classes in order to work.
84. Vocational and technical schools
operate at either the high school or
junior college levels. They teach skills
such as secretarial, auto-mechanics,
photography, and
nursing.
85. College and University education- a college
usually has a Bachelor’s (4 year) program. A
university may be composed of several colleges
(for example, the college of medicine and the
college of engineering). Universities often have
graduate programs as well. For most purposes, a
Bachelor’s degree from a college is equivalent
to a Bachelor’s degree from a University, so that
the two words “college” and “university” mean
the same thing to most Americans. Generally,
the value of a degree is a reflection of how
society views the particular college or university.
From a Bachelor’s degree a student can
proceed to a graduate program for master’s
degree or doctorate degree. For non-residents
of the U.S., a TOEFEL is required and a Graduate
Record Examination or GRE is a must.
86. Classes begin in September and end in
June of every year. The language of
instruction is English.
90. BASIC EDUCATION
• Begins at age 6 to 16 years old.
• Average number of students to a teacher
– 18 to 1 (primary schooling)
– 15 to 1 (secondary schooling)
3 types of schools:
o State-funded
o State integrated
o private
91. CORE SUBJECTS:
- English
- Health and Physical Education
- Language
- Mathematics and Statistics
- Science
- Social science
- Technology
- The Arts
92. 5 COMPETENCIES:
1. Thinking
2. Using language, symbols, and texts-different
ways to communicate and understand
information
3. Managing self-a “can-do” attitude
4. Relating to others- being able to listen, see
different points of view and share ideas
5. Participating and contributing-big a group
member and including others
93. IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT CULTURES TO
VALUE:
- Excellence
- Innovation, inquiry and curiosity
- Diversity
- Respect
- Equity
- Community and participation
- Ecological sustainability
- integrity
94.
95. SCHOOLING LEVEL YEARS/GRADES AGE
Early Childhood Pre-school Birth-5 years
Primary School Years 1-8 5-13
Intermediate school
Not always applicable as
some primary schools
include these years
Years 7-8 11-13
Secondary School
Also known as College/High
School/Grammar School
Years 7-13 11-17 or 18
Tertiary
Also includes Institute of
Technology and Polytechnics
University or Similar 17 onwards
96. New Zealand Law requires all children aged
six years and over to be in schools.
For the first 3 years in primary education, one
grade level each year, children are moved to
another 5 years before going to secondary
school.
97. • Students progress through five levels and
must stay until age 17-18
• Grade 9-10 ,
– All student learn English, Mathematics, Science
and Technology, Social studies, Arts, Physical
education and Health education.
– Optional Subjects; Economics, History,
Geography, Electronics, Sewing, Keyboard skills,
Drama, Journalism, French, Japanese and Maori.
98. • Years 12-13 ; may suit overseas students who
wish to progress to tertiary education
• NCEA (National Certificate in Educational
Achievement). There are 3 NCAE
qualifications: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3.
99. SCHOOL TERM
• 4 terms for primary, intermediate and
secondary.
Term 1- Early February until mid-April
Term 2- Late April until the beginning of
July
Term 3- Mid-July until later September
Term 4- Mid-October until Mid-
December
100. HIGHER EDUCATION
UNIVERSITIES in New Zealand
A university education is open to anyone
who meets the common standards
prescribed by the New Zealand
Qualifications Authority (NZQA)
The academic year for Universities start
in March to November
101. INSTITUTES of Technology and
Polytechnics
State-owned
There are 20 polytechnic and technology
institutes
Short term courses
102. Private Training Institutions and English
Language Programs
800 private education; offers short-term English
language courses
Also offer courses in specific areas like business,
computing and design
Registered and accredited by NZQA
103.
104.
105. BASIC EDUCATION (K to 12)
Consists of Kindergarten, Elementary(6 yrs.),
Junior high school (4 yrs.) and Senior high
school (2 yrs.)
Subjects from Grade 1-10
o Languages (Mother tongue, Filipino, English),
Math, Science, Social studies, TLE and MAPEH
Mother tongue is used as the medium of
instruction from K to Grade 3
Science is taught only beginning Grade 3
TLE is taught starting Grade 4 until Grade 10
106. Subjects of Grade 11 and 12
oLanguages (Filipino and English), Math,
Science, Social studies combined with
TLE- Career pathways
oThe focus is on the specialization
subjects that equip the learner for the
career path of his/her choice.
oCareer paths come in 3 TRACKS-Academic,
Techvoc and Sports and arts
107. K TO 12 BASIC EDUCATIOIN PROGRAM
LEVEL OF SCHOOLING AGE (YEARS DESCRIPTION
Kindergarten 5 PRE-ELEMENTARY
Grade 1 6
ELEMENTARY
(6 years)
Grade 2 7
Grade 3 8
Grade 4 9
Grade 5 10
Grade 6 11
Grade 7 12
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(4 years)
Grade 8 13
Grade 9 14
Grade 10 15
Grade 11 16 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Grade 12 17 (2 years)
108. HIGHER EDUCATION
Colleges, Universities or technical vocational
institutions
Supervised by a government agency called
the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
109. • 4 years for baccalaureate degrees
• Medicine and law – 8 years
• Technical Vocation education or post
secondary education- 2 year courses
110. College degree programs require passing a
licensure examination for the specific
profession
Nursing, Dentistry, Medical technology,
Engineering, Medicine and Teaching.
Examinations are given by Professional
Regulation Commission (PRC)
For Law, is given by the Supreme Court
111. Courses in he masters program of 2 years and
doctoral program for 3 to 5 years are offered
by authorized colleges and universities
