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LIDAR
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Dr. SBL Sachan Amit Kumar Rana
Dept. of ECE (151601)
NITTTR, Chandigarh
Basic Remote Sensing Technology
 Sonar
 Radar
 Lidar
If we have ever heard
an echo, we’ll be
familiar with the basic
principle behind three
similar technologies
 Sonar: so(und)
na(vigation) (and) r(anging)
Disadvantages of SONAR Technology
SONAR waves can
interfere with whale and
dolphin echolocation.
The sonar systems
generate lot of noise.
 Radar: ra(dio) d(etection)
a(nd) r(anging)
doppler effect
Disadvantages of RADAR Technology
 Radar can take up to 2
seconds to lock on
 Radar has wide beam
spread
Cannot track if deceleration
is greater than one
mph/second
Large targets close to radar
can saturate receiver
Clutter
What is LIDAR?
LIDAR (Light Detection
And Ranging, also
LADAR) is an optical
remote sensing
technology that can
measure the distance to,
or other properties of a
target by illuminating the
target with light, often
using pulses from a laser.
Working Principle
Working Principle
Ideal case
Practical case
Basic Principle
The term "laser radar"
is sometimes used,
even though LIDAR
does not employ
microwaves or radio
waves and therefore is
not radar in the strict
sense of the word.
.
General Description
LIDAR uses ultraviolet,
visible, or infrared light to
image objects and can be
used with a wide range of
targets, including non-
metallic objects, rocks,
rain, chemical compounds.
• Clouds
• Aerosol
What can we measure with lidar?
• Water vapour
• Temperature
Lidars can be used from the ground, aircraft
or from space
Components used in lidar…
 Laser
 Scanner and optics
 Photodetector and receiver electronics
 Position and navigation systems
• 600–1000 nm lasers are
most common for non-
scientific applications.
• Better target resolution is
achieved with shorter
pulses, provided the
LIDAR receiver detectors
and electronics have
sufficient bandwidth
Laser
• How fast images
can be developed
is also affected by
the speed at
which they are
scanned.
Scanners and optics
Optic choices affect the
angular resolution and
range that can be
detected. A hole mirror or
a beam splitter are
options to collect a return
signal .
• Two main photodetector
technologies are used in
From atmosphere
Receiver lidars: solid
state photodetectors,
such as silicon avalanche
photodiodes, or
photomultipliers.
Photodetector and receiver electronics
• The sensitivity of the
receiver is another
parameter that has to be
balanced in a LIDAR
design.
 LIDAR sensors that are
mounted on mobile
platforms such as airplanes
or satellites require
instrumentation to
determine the absolute
position and orientation of
the sensor.
Position and navigation systems
 Such devices generally
include a Global
Positioning System
receiver and an Inertial
Measurement Unit (IMU).
• Agriculture- LIDAR also
can be used to help
farmers determine
which areas of their
fields to apply costly
fertilizer to achieve
highest crop yeild.
Applications..
• Used for constructing
map
 Oil & gas
exploration surveys
Engineering
/construction
survey
 Faster lock-on time ( less
than 1/3 second)
 Very narrow beam spread
( less than 6 ft over
 2000 ft range)
 Better ability to track
decelerating targets
Advantages of LIDAR technology
Typically mounted,
and aimed with
optical targeting
device
Fewer sources of
interference
Much more difficult
to detect
Disadvantages
• High operating costs (> £10k / hour)
• Ineffective during heavy rain and/or low
cloud/mist
• Degraded at high Sun angles and reflections
• Latency data not processed locally
• Unreliable for water depth (< 2m) and
breaking/turbulent waves
• Lack of foliage/vegetation penetration
• Precise alignment must be maintained
Future scope
The lidar technology is now planned for a wide
range of applications that can enable NASA’s
achievement of its scientific and space
exploration goals. These applications fall into
four general categories:
a) Earth Science:
b) Planetary Science:
orbiting or land-based
scientific instruments
providing geological
and atmospheric data
of solar system bodies
c) Landing Aid: sensors
providing hazard avoidance,
guidance and navigation
data.
d) Rendezvous and Docking
Aid : sensors providing
spacecraft bearing, distance,
and approach velocity .
Present Technical Advancement in LIDAR
LIDAR speed gun
A LiDAR speed gun is a
device used by the police
for speed limit
enforcement which
uses LiDAR to detect the
speed of a vehicle.
Present Technical Advancement in LIDAR
Google driverless car
Google's robotic cars have
about $150,000 in equipment
including a $70,000 lidar (light
radar) system.
Autonomous cruise
control system
Present Technical Advancement in LIDAR
Summary
• Lidar technique allows continuous monitoring
of profiles with good height resolution
• Different scattering mechanisms permit
different kinds of measurement
• New technology offers more compact sources
and development of transportable and
mobile systems
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar
http://www.radartutorial.eu/01.basics/rb0
1.en.html
Lidar

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Lidar

  • 1. LIDAR Submitted to: Submitted by: Dr. SBL Sachan Amit Kumar Rana Dept. of ECE (151601) NITTTR, Chandigarh
  • 2. Basic Remote Sensing Technology  Sonar  Radar  Lidar If we have ever heard an echo, we’ll be familiar with the basic principle behind three similar technologies
  • 4. Disadvantages of SONAR Technology SONAR waves can interfere with whale and dolphin echolocation. The sonar systems generate lot of noise.
  • 5.  Radar: ra(dio) d(etection) a(nd) r(anging) doppler effect
  • 6. Disadvantages of RADAR Technology  Radar can take up to 2 seconds to lock on  Radar has wide beam spread Cannot track if deceleration is greater than one mph/second Large targets close to radar can saturate receiver Clutter
  • 7. What is LIDAR? LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging, also LADAR) is an optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance to, or other properties of a target by illuminating the target with light, often using pulses from a laser.
  • 11. The term "laser radar" is sometimes used, even though LIDAR does not employ microwaves or radio waves and therefore is not radar in the strict sense of the word. . General Description
  • 12. LIDAR uses ultraviolet, visible, or infrared light to image objects and can be used with a wide range of targets, including non- metallic objects, rocks, rain, chemical compounds.
  • 13. • Clouds • Aerosol What can we measure with lidar?
  • 14. • Water vapour • Temperature Lidars can be used from the ground, aircraft or from space
  • 15. Components used in lidar…  Laser  Scanner and optics  Photodetector and receiver electronics  Position and navigation systems
  • 16. • 600–1000 nm lasers are most common for non- scientific applications. • Better target resolution is achieved with shorter pulses, provided the LIDAR receiver detectors and electronics have sufficient bandwidth Laser
  • 17. • How fast images can be developed is also affected by the speed at which they are scanned. Scanners and optics
  • 18. Optic choices affect the angular resolution and range that can be detected. A hole mirror or a beam splitter are options to collect a return signal .
  • 19. • Two main photodetector technologies are used in From atmosphere Receiver lidars: solid state photodetectors, such as silicon avalanche photodiodes, or photomultipliers. Photodetector and receiver electronics
  • 20. • The sensitivity of the receiver is another parameter that has to be balanced in a LIDAR design.
  • 21.  LIDAR sensors that are mounted on mobile platforms such as airplanes or satellites require instrumentation to determine the absolute position and orientation of the sensor. Position and navigation systems
  • 22.  Such devices generally include a Global Positioning System receiver and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
  • 23. • Agriculture- LIDAR also can be used to help farmers determine which areas of their fields to apply costly fertilizer to achieve highest crop yeild. Applications..
  • 24. • Used for constructing map
  • 25.  Oil & gas exploration surveys Engineering /construction survey
  • 26.  Faster lock-on time ( less than 1/3 second)  Very narrow beam spread ( less than 6 ft over  2000 ft range)  Better ability to track decelerating targets Advantages of LIDAR technology
  • 27. Typically mounted, and aimed with optical targeting device Fewer sources of interference Much more difficult to detect
  • 28. Disadvantages • High operating costs (> £10k / hour) • Ineffective during heavy rain and/or low cloud/mist • Degraded at high Sun angles and reflections • Latency data not processed locally • Unreliable for water depth (< 2m) and breaking/turbulent waves • Lack of foliage/vegetation penetration • Precise alignment must be maintained
  • 29. Future scope The lidar technology is now planned for a wide range of applications that can enable NASA’s achievement of its scientific and space exploration goals. These applications fall into four general categories: a) Earth Science:
  • 30. b) Planetary Science: orbiting or land-based scientific instruments providing geological and atmospheric data of solar system bodies
  • 31. c) Landing Aid: sensors providing hazard avoidance, guidance and navigation data. d) Rendezvous and Docking Aid : sensors providing spacecraft bearing, distance, and approach velocity .
  • 32. Present Technical Advancement in LIDAR LIDAR speed gun A LiDAR speed gun is a device used by the police for speed limit enforcement which uses LiDAR to detect the speed of a vehicle.
  • 33. Present Technical Advancement in LIDAR Google driverless car Google's robotic cars have about $150,000 in equipment including a $70,000 lidar (light radar) system.
  • 34. Autonomous cruise control system Present Technical Advancement in LIDAR
  • 35. Summary • Lidar technique allows continuous monitoring of profiles with good height resolution • Different scattering mechanisms permit different kinds of measurement • New technology offers more compact sources and development of transportable and mobile systems