This document discusses climate-smart agriculture as an opportunity for businesses. It notes that agriculture is a major driver of climate change, contributing 24% of greenhouse gas emissions. If agricultural practices do not change, emissions from agriculture could comprise around 50% of allowable emissions by 2050 to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius. The document outlines several climate-smart agriculture practices that can reduce emissions and increase resilience, such as alternate wetting and drying of rice fields, agroforestry, and index-based livestock insurance. It discusses a working group of global value chain companies that is testing frameworks and methodologies for measuring the climate change impacts and benefits of agriculture projects and supply chains. The goal is to develop protocols that businesses can use

1. Climate-Smart Agriculture:
An opportunity for businesses
Alain Vidal
Director of Strategic Partnerships, CGIAR System Organization
G-20Y Summit 2016, St Moritz, Switzerland

2. www.cgiar.org
CIMMYT
Mexico City
Mexico
IFPRI
Wash. DC
USA
CIP
Lima
Peru
CIAT
Cali
Colombia
Bioversity
International
Rome Italy
AfricaRice
Cotonou
Benin
IITA
Ibadan
Nigeria
ILRI
Nairobi
Kenya
World
Agroforestry
Nairobi
Kenya
ICARDA
Beirut
Lebanon ICRISAT
Patancheru
India
IWMI
Colombo
Sri Lanka
IRRI
Los Banos
Phillippines
World Fish
Penang
Malaysia
CIFOR
Bogor
Indonesia
2

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Actors and thinkers of globalization
How can we, leaders of G20 industries and leaders in
science, design a sustainable pathway to combat
climate change while ensuring the prosperity of
farmers and the agribusiness ?

4. Our food system:
driver and victim of climate change

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Agriculture,
FOrestry and Land Use
Non-Ag
Energy
70
2
Source: IPCC WGIII
Our food system:
a critical driver of climate change
Agriculture-related
activities are 24% of
global greenhouse gas
emissions (2010)

6. Tomorrow:
50% of emissions to feed ourselves ?
“Business as usual” (BAU)
agriculture emissions
would comprise ~50% of
allowable emissions to
achieve a 2°C world
Gt CO2e per year
9 11
40
74
2010 2050
(Business as usual)
2050
(2°C target)
Non-agricultural
emissions
Agricultural and
agriculture-driven
land-use change
emissions
~50%
49
85
22

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Climate variability will impact
on food production
Source: Socioeconomic Data and
Applications Center (SEDAC)
Crop yields drop by
2050 under BAU
 5% per °C
 Maize 16%
 Rice 21%
 Wheat 42%
 Coffee 50%

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Suitability changes for coffee in East Africa
Arabica Robusta

9. How good / bad is climate smart agriculture ?

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Climate-smart agriculture :
Not a chocolate box !

12. How smart?

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Changing diets and reducing waste
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/commission

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Towards diets that are more
healthy and more climate-friendly
Tilman & Clark, 2014

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Reducing our food losses and wastage

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Reducing agricultural emissions
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/commission

17. Alternate-Wetting-and-Drying
(AWD)
30% water
20-50% GHG
Without compromising
yield
• Keep flooded for
1st 15 days and at
flowering
• Irrigate when
water drops to 15
cm below the
surface
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 15.0
8.7
-42%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
tCO2-eq/ha*season
4.9
3.9
-20%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-22%-28%
6.0
4.7
6.4
4.6
Hilly mid-slopes Delta low-lying
Summer-
Autumn
Winter-
Spring
Sander et al. in press IRRI
AWDConventional

18. COLOMBIA Storing Carbon deep in the Soil
 4 to 5 fold
increase in
animal production
Tropical forages for degraded pastures
 Resilience
to drought
 35% increase in
soil carbon
 75% below 20 cm
Fisher et al. 1994

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Will climate-smart agriculture
make the difference ?
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/commission

20.  Sequestration
of carbon in
soil and trees
NIGER Bringing back the Sahel’s ‘underground forest’
5 million ha of land restored, over
200 million trees re-established
 Reduces
drought
impacts
 Additional half a
million tonnes of
grain per year

21. GLOBAL Agroecology
 80% increases
in yield
 Resilience
to pest and
disease
 0.35 tons
Carbon ha-1 yr-1
37M ha of land in developing countries
Pretty et al. 2006

22. Climate-smart coffee-banana systems
 Microclimate: shading can reduce
temperature by >2° Celsius
 Shade biomass increases carbon
stock→ CC mitigation
 Shade plants increase revenue and
food security for smallholders
income up
> 50%
Van Asten et al (2014)

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Climate-smart agriculture:
rediscovering insurance
Horn of Africa – insuring the never-before-insured
against catastrophic drought
 IBLI (index-based livestock insurance) contract holders
receive payouts when forage conditions deteriorate
 14,000 pastoralists in
 200,000 US$ paid out
 33% reduction in food aid

24. Ground-testing Climate-Smart
Agriculture with businesses
The WBCSD CSA Platform

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The LCTPi could cut emissions by 17-18 GtCO2e
per year by 2030 versus business-as-usual

26. A global value chain group
CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE WORKING GROUP AROUND THE WORLD

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AA1:
BUILDING
SMALLHOLDER
RESILIENCE
AA2:
SCALING-UP
INVESTMENT IN CSA
AA3:
IMPROVING
BUSINESSES’ ABILITY
TO TRACE, MEASURE
AND MONITOR CSA
PROGRESS
AA4:
IMPLEMENTING
AGRICULTURE-DRIVEN
ZERO DEFORESTATION
AND SUSTAINABLE
LAND-USE
COMMITMENTS
CSA PRIORITY ACTION AREAS

28. www.cgiar.org
AA3 - IMPROVING BUSINESSES’ ABILITY TO TRACE,
MEASURE AND MONITOR CSA PROGRESS
•Key commodities and geographies of concern identified
•Five ‘road-test’ countries identified in conjunction with Action Area 1,
Action 1
Identify priorities for productivity,
livelihoods, incomes and resilience
•Highest emission Industry sectors and top 5 country emitters for these
industries identified
•Countries matched to WG Member company supply chains
Identify priorities for agricultural
GHG emissions
•Monitoring methodologies & toolkits reviewed under each of the 3
CSA Pillars
•Preferred methodologies assembled into a framework
Develop a corporate CSA
measurement protocol
•WG member companies have volunteered to ‘road-test’ the CSA
measurement protocol for 2 years
•Road-tests launched
Road-test the corporate CSA
measurement protocol
•Global measurement protocol developed with corporate CSA
measurement protocol and other global measurement initiativesMeasure global progress towards
Vision 2030

29. Science for sustainable businesses

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Understanding how
farmers invest
Variety +Pruning +Weeding +Mulching +Manure and fertilizer
Planting
material
Extension
Service providers
Credit services
Farmer coops
Stepwise investments ➣
higher efficiency

31. Commodities at risk
% of respondents
56
%Soybean
56
%Corn
50%
Grains
38%
Sugar
38
% Rice
25%
Coffee
25%
Dairy
Meat
Vegetables
Forest products
Cotton
Fish
Tomato
Potato
19%
19%
13%
13
%
19%
13%
13%
44
%Pal
m
Coco
a
31
%
Landscape analysis on
Agribusiness collaboration
for sustainable agriculture
and food security

32. Which types of collaboration hold the greatest latent
potential for impact & scale?
Actors within the same value chain
Collaboration within a geographic and demographic reach
Structurally complex
multitude of contributors, geographies and value chains
Correcting
Supply chain
Inefficiencies
Strengthening
landscape level
approaches
Improving the
Business enabling
Environment
A
B
C
Landscape analysis on
Agribusiness collaboration
for sustainable agriculture
and food security

33. www.cgiar.org
Science for sustainable businesses
Candid and transparent approaches – with metrics
– help reconsidering farmers and their real issues
Develop climate-smart agriculture to re-create
value in supply chains – and measure it
Opportunities for businesses to enhance their
social (adaptation, food security) and
environmental (mitigation) responsibility

34. Thank you
a.vidal@cgiar.org
www.cgiar.org