الفحوصات المخبريه

1. 1
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬
١
-‫اﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺁداب‬
٤
-‫اﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫إدارة‬
٩
-‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬
٢٣ -‫اﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬
٢٦
-‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
٢٨
-‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫إﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
٣٠ -‫اﻵﻣﺎن‬ ‫إﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت‬
٣٣
-‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺪوى‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ‬
٥١
-‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
-
٥٣
-‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬

2. 2
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟ‬‫ﺒﺂﺩﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬‫ﻤﻬﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴل‬‫ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺠﻭﺩ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ‬‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺨﺎﻁﻰﺀ‬‫ﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﺎ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻓﺘﺭ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬‫ﻵﺩﺍﺏ‬‫ﻤﻬﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴل‬‫ﺔ‬
١-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴـل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺌﻭﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀـ‬ ‫ﺘﺠـﺎﻩ‬‫ﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻤﻼﺀ‬.
‫ﺃ‬–‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺨﺩﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﻭ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
‫ﺏ‬–‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻼﺀ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺒﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﺭﺘﻘﺎﺀ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎﻟﻤﻬﻨ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬‫ﻜﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬.
‫ﺝ‬–‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬:
‫ﻤﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴل‬‫ﻋﺠﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬.

3. 3
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺇﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﺩﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﺤﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬.
٣-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬:
•‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺌﺫﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬‫ﻟﻠﻭﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺌﺫﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬)‫ﻋﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺴﺘﺎﺘﺎ‬(‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ل‬‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻤﻭﺴﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴل‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﺜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل‬‫ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻤﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻡ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬.
•‫ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬.
٤-‫ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬:
•‫ﺍﻹﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻴﻀ‬‫ﺘﺠﺭﺒ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻜﻭﺍﺸﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬.
•‫ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬‫ﻓﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬‫ﻤﺩﺭﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬‫ﻁﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﺨﻴﺹ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺴﺎﺭﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﻭﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬.

4. 4
٥-‫ﻜﺘﺎ‬‫ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ‬‫ﺔ‬:
•‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ‬‫ﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬
‫ﻴﻔﻭﻀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻪ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺃﻴﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬‫ﻴﻥ‬.
•‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺭﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬‫ﺴﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺝ‬.....‫ﺇﻟﺦ‬
•‫ﺁﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ‬.
•‫ﻴﺸﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻴﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺩ‬‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬.
٦-‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬:
•‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
•‫ﻴﺠ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬.

5. 5
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬‫ﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺸ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤل‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬‫ﻭﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬:
‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠ‬‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺏ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬:-
١.‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
٢.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
٣.‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻰ‬
٤.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬‫ﺔ‬
٥.‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬.
‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬:-
ً‫ﻻ‬‫أو‬:‫اﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬:‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﻮدة‬
١.‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺀ‬
٢.‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺀ‬
٣.‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬‫ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬

6. 6
‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬:-
‫ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬:
*‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻑ‬:-
١.‫ﺫﻭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬.
٢.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺎﻴﺵ‬.
٣.‫ﻟﻺﺠﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﻊ‬.
٤.‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻤﻊ‬.
٥.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﺍﺼل‬.
٦.‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻔﻬﻡ‬.
٧.‫ﻜﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬‫ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻡ‬.
٨.‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻔﺘﺢ‬.
٩.‫ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﻤﻰ‬.
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬:‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬‫اﻟﺠﻮدة‬
١.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬
٢.‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬
٣.‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬
٤.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬
‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬:-
-‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬
-‫ﻭﺒﺩﺍﺌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬
-‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬‫ﺨﻁﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻟﻠﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬.

7. 7
١٠.‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬.
١١.‫ﻭﺩﺒﻠﻭﻤﺎﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬.
١٢.‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤ‬)‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬(‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬)‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬(‫ﺤﻴﺜﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺎﺕ‬٠
*‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨ‬‫ﻟﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬:
‫ﺍ‬-‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺩﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﻴﺴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻬﻡ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬.
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﺇﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬‫ﻭﻻﻴﺒﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﻋﺘﺭﺍﻀ‬‫ﺯﻤﻼﺌ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﻴﺘﻌﻠل‬
‫ﺸﻐﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺘﻬﺩ‬‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺭﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻏل‬ ‫ﻪ‬.
‫ﺩ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺫﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻹﺒﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﻜﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬.
‫ﻫ‬–‫ﺃﺴﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺭﻴﺼﻴﻥ‬.

8. 8
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻀل‬
‫ﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬:
‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬:
١.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬.
٢.‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬٠
٣.‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬.
٤.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬‫ﻟﻸﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻼﻙ‬.
٥.‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻓﻕ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺨﺭﻭﺠ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺩﺨﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬.
٦.‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺨﻁﺭ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺼﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭ‬.
٧.‫ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ‬‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬:
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬-‫ﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬-‫ﻜﻤﺒﻴﻴﻭﺘﺭ‬.
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﺫ‬–‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺭﻴﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺴﻰ‬
‫ﺒﻭﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬‫ﻟﻠﺫﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻊ‬.
‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺴﺘﺎﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬.
‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ‬‫ﻟﻜل‬‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭل‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬–‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ‬–
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﺒﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻰ‬–‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬(.
‫ﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬:-
‫ﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺀ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺠل‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬.

9. 9
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻗ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬.
٨.‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬‫ﻭﺘﻜﻴﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬‫ﻟﻸﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻭ‬‫ﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬.
٩.‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻁﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺎﺙ‬.
١٠.‫ﻭﺍﻹﻀﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺩﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬.

10. 10
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
Quality control system
•‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ‬‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬،‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
)Quality Assurance system(‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬‫ﻟﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻭﺘﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺜﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬.
•‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ‬‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬)١(
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬)١(
)----(‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬
)‫ﺍ‬(
)‫ﺝ‬(
)‫ﺏ‬(
)‫ﺩ‬(
•
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7 -
6 –
5 –
4 -
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0 –
7 -
6 –
5 –
4 -
3 –
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1 –
0 –
7 -
6 –
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7 -
6 –
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3 –
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0 –
1 2 3 4 5 6 71 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬ ( )
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•
•
•
•

11. 11
•‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻰ‬)‫ﺍ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﺕ‬‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬.
‫ﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬:
•‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻔﻰ‬)‫ﺏ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻼﺤﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬)‫ﺝ‬(‫ﻭﺠﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﻼﺤﻅ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬)‫ﺩ‬(‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻼﺤﻅ‬‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬
‫ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻴﻁﻠﻕ‬.
‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻼﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬‫ﺁ‬‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺀ‬.‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬‫ﻴﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬
‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺭﺩﻴ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬.
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬)١: (
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬‫ﻫﻴﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺩﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
CLIA
Target + 1.0 mg/dlCalcium , total
Target + 5%Chloride
Target + 10%Cholesterol , total
Target + 30%Cholesterol , HDL
Greater of target + 6mg /dl or + 10%Glucose
Target + 0.5mmol/LPotassium
Target + 4mmol/LSodium
Target + 10%Total protein
Target + 25%Triglycerides
Greater of target + 2mg /dl or + 9 %Urea nitrogen
Target + 17 %Uric acid

12. 12
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺘﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬-‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻡ‬-،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬-‫ﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺅﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻋﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻅﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬.
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ‬-‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬-‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬.
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻅل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻨﻅ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬
TeamSpirit‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬Good Laboratory practice
( GLP)،‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬
، ‫ﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺒﺭ‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻅﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬.

13. 13
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬:
‫ﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬:
*‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬Organization‫ﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺸﻤل‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺸﻴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬.
*‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬:Preventive and Corrective Measures
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻌﻅﻡ‬)٨٥(%
‫ﻭﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻰ‬١٥%‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬‫ﺒﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻡ‬‫ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺘﻪ‬‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻼﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬.
*‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬Internal and External Audit
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺌﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺨﺒﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
*‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ‬Feedback
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻔﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬.
*‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭﻜ‬‫ﺘﻴﺏ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻁﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺼﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺏ‬.
*‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﺭ‬calibration
‫ﺒﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬:

14. 14
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
Interlaboratory Comparisons of Patient Samples
*‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬
Validation of Measurements and Observations
‫ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺘﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬:-
-‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬Sensitivity-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬
Specificity-‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺔ‬Linearity-‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬Measuring Range.
-‫ﺒﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺸﺎﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺜﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺒﻭﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬Accuracy ( Trueness and Precision)
-‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬.
-‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬.
‫ﻤﺩﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﻀﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬Transferability (Commutability)
‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺄﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬-
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻤﺅﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
-‫ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬(‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬External Quality Assessment.
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬:Quality Assurance
‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬:

15. 15
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺁﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬‫ﺏ‬-‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬Effective service
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬Highly Efficient
‫ﺩ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻯ‬.
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﺊ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻤل‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬
Internal Quality Control Scheme ( IQCS)‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
External Quality Assessment Scheme ( EQAS)
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬analytical Control-Pre
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬:‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬-‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬-‫ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻭ‬‫ل‬-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺨﻴﻥ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﺢ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬.
‫ﻭﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬‫ﻴﻨﺔ‬)‫ﺩﻡ‬Whole Blood
-‫ﻤﺼل‬-‫ﺒﻼﺯﻤﺎ‬-‫ﻨﺨﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌل‬-‫ﺒﺼﺎﻕ‬-‫ﻟﻠﻤﺯﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺤﺔ‬( ...‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ‬.
‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬:
١.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬.
٢.‫ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‬.
٣.‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬.
٤.‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬.
٥.‫ﻟﻠﺒﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬.

16. 16
‫ﻴﻭﻀ‬‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬)‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬(
‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)٢: (‫ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬‫ﻁﺎﻁﻰ‬Tourniquet‫ﻤﻥ‬١-٣‫ﺩﻗﺎﺌﻕ‬(1)
‫ﻨﻘﺹ‬% ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬%
٦,٢ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺘﺎﺴﻴﻭﻡ‬ ٤,٩
٦,٧
٤,٧
٥,١
٩,٣
٨,٤
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺴﺘﺭﻭل‬
‫ﺇﻨﺯﻴﻡ‬AST
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻠﻴﺭﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)٣: (‫ﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﻠل‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺕ‬"Haemolysis"(2)
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴﻔﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻠﻴﺭﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺴﺘﺭﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺯﻴﻡ‬ALP ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺘﺎﺴﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺤﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺯﻴﻡ‬LD

17. 17
‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)٤(:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬(
‫ﻨﻘﺹ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬%
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺴﺘﺭﻭل‬HDLc ٤ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺴﺘﺭﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻭﺒﻴﻭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
IgA , IgG, IgM
٢٠ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺴﻴﺭﻴﺩﺍﺕ‬
Triglycerides
٥ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴﻔﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻭﻥ‬
Phospholipids
١٠ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻭﻜﻭﺯ‬
•١‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻜﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻤﻭﺠﻠﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺩﻯ‬Carboxyhaemoglobin‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺭ‬
١٠%‫ﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺼﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻤﻭﺠﻠﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬٠
•٢‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬Antinuclear Antibodies‫ﻟﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻡ‬C E A٠
‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)٥:(‫ﺍ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺯﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼل‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺯﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼل‬( % )
‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺯﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺯﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬( % )
‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﻴﻭﻤﻴﻥ‬٣,١ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻠﻴﺭﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ‬٠,٩
‫ﺇﻨﺯﻴﻡ‬ALP١,٦ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺴﺘﺭﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩﺍﺕ‬٠,٢
‫ﺇﻨﺯﻴﻡ‬AST٠,٩ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﺎﺘﻴﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺯﻴﻡ‬LD٢,٧
‫ﺇﻨﺯﻴﻡ‬CK-٢,١ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬٤,٠
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻭﻜﻭﺯ‬٥,١
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴﻔﻭﺭ‬٧,٠
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺘﺎﺴﻴﻭﻡ‬٨,٤
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ‬٠,١
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻟﻴﻨﺎ‬٠,٦
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻟﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺽ‬٠,٢

18. 18
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬‫ﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬Control Of Laboratory Measurements
‫ﺨﻁﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎل‬‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬
‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻠل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬General Measures
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﺭ‬:‫ﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬٠
-‫ﻋﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺯﺩﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﺔ‬٠
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬Check Tests‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ، ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
)‫ﺃﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬(٠
-‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬٠
-‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬Control Charts.
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬Patient Data:‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻜﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬. (
-‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺒﻭﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺄﻜﺩ‬Accuracy ( Trueness and Precision)
-‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬Laboratory
Manual-‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬.
-‫ﺒﺄﺩﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﻜﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ‬‫ﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺘﻘﺎﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻔﺭﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤل‬٠
-‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
Intralabortory And Interlaboratory Comparison
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬:‫ﻜﻭﺍﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺯﺩﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺭﻯ‬‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬-‫ﺃﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬-‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬٠

19. 19
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬Interlaboratory Comparison:‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬:‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻕ‬.
‫ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬.
‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)٦(‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬
Laboratory Testing Procedures And Their Potential Errors
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻁﻰﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
-‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬Test Ordering
-‫ﺃﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺎ‬
-‫ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬
-‫ﻟﻠﻔﺤﺹ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬)‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬:‫ﻤﺘﺤﻠﻠﺔ‬(
-‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻜﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬.
-‫ﺨﺎﻁﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬.
-‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻠﻭﻜﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻭﺹ‬-‫ﺒﻠﻠﺭﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬‫ﻴﻨﺔ‬Sample
-‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
-‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬
-‫ﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬Specimen mix-up
-‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺩ‬
-‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬Analytical Process
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬.
-‫ﺘﺄﺨﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
-‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬.
-‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬)‫ﻤﻘﺭﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬(
-‫ﺨﺎﻁﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬
-‫ﺨﺎﻁﺊ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬
-‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬Report

20. 20
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬Guidelines For Staff
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬-‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻭﻍ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﺍﺀﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬-‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬General and Administrative procedures
-‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬.
-‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬.
-‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺍﻓﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬-‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺼﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﻓﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﻀﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻅﻬﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺙ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺒﺱ‬-‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺴﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬-‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬.

21. 21
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻫﻴل‬:
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺌﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬rsLaboratory Handbook for Use
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺼﻰ‬)‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬-‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬( .......‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬:
-‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
Abbreviations‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ESR - Hb - ALP -BUN
-‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬)‫ﺠﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬-‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻠﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬
)‫ﻭﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬(-‫ﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺠﺎﺠﺔ‬. (......
-‫ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬‫ﺠﻠﺔ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬.
-‫ﻤﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬Instruments and Measuring System
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬‫ﺒﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺓ‬.
١(‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬:
-‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﻭﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬.
-‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬.

22. 22
-‫ﻜﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﺏ‬:‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬-‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬.
٢(‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬Logbook
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺼﺹ‬-‫ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﺭ‬.
٣(‫ﺨﺎﻁﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬)‫ﺭﻀﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺔ‬(
Causes of Unacceptable Results of Measurements
-‫ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺼﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻤﺜ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺴﺔ‬(
-‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬.
-‫ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬.
-‫ﻜﻭﺍﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬‫ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬.
-‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﺯﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬.
-‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬.
-‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻁﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬.
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻁﺊ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ‬.
-‫ﺘﺄﺜ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺭ‬Carry-over.
‫ﻟﻸﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬
assessment Checklist-Laboratory Self
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻯ‬.

23. 23
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬:‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬.
-‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤل؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
-‫ﻓﺭﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل؟‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ؟‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
-‫ﻴﺘ‬ ‫ﻫل‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ؟‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
-‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ‬:‫ﻟﻠﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬
-‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ؟‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
-‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬‫ﻭﺩﺓ؟‬
-‫ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻅﺎﻡ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
-‫ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
-‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ؟‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
-‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ؟‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
-‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ؟‬
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬
Internal audit‫؟‬

24. 24
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ‬Quality control charts
-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻠﻴل‬
‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬)‫ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬Levey –
Jenning(‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﻪ‬)٢. (
-‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺼﺢ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﻤﺠﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴﻭﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳓﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬)Standard Deviation(
‫ﺃﺤﻀﺭ‬‫ﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬٢٠‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬.
‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼل‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬٢٠‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬.

25. 25
‫ﺒﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬)٧(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
)Mean(‫ﻟﻠﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻨﺎﺕ‬)٢٠.(
‫ﻋﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺴﺏ‬(+)
‫ﺃﻭ‬)–(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺩل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺴﺏ‬)‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬(
‫ﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﺠﻤﻊ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬)‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬١.(
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺴﺏ‬)SD(‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻀﻌﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬)2SD(‫ﺃﻀﻌﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬)3SD.(
‫ﺟﺪ‬‫ول‬)٧(

26. 26
١.‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻴﻭﻀ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬)‫ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬(‫ﻭﻴﻭﻀ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻤﻰ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬)Mean(‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ‬‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺭﺍﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻔل‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻗﻬﺎ‬)2SD(‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬)3SD(‫ﻋﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻀﺎﻑ‬(+)‫ﻭﻋﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
)-(‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬)2SD(‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬)3SD(‫ﻭﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻹﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺩﺨل‬.
-‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺇﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻊ‬.

27. 27
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬
Quality Assessment External
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺒﺩﻴ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻕ‬٠‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬:
-‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬٠
-‫ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬٠
-‫ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺍﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬٠
-‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬٠
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬(٠
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬-‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻁﺒﻕ‬:
‫ﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﻊ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻜﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺤﻭﺹ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬-.
‫ﻭﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬:
Mean, % Of Deviation , SD And CV
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬)Mean+2 SD(‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻜﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬.
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻅل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺴل‬
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬.

28. 28
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺸﻑ‬‫ﻭﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻼﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل‬٠
‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬

29. 29
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻺﺴﺘﺭﺸﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻁﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺘﺎﺤ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻵ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬‫ﺘﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﻤﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺹ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴل‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺱ‬.
‫ﺘﺴﻬﻴل‬‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﻭﻁﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬‫ﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺤﺼﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬.
‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻀﻴﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬)٨(‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﺘﺸﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺕ‬.

30. 30
‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)٨(
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
١-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬١-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬١-‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬
٢-‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬
٣-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
٤-‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺱ‬
٥-‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
٦-‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
٧-‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬
٨-‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺭ‬
٩-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬
١٠-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬
١١-‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
١٢-‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
١٣-‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺘﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬
١٤-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
*‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬
*‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬
*‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬
*‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
٣-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
*‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
*‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ‬
*‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬
٤-‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬
)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬٢٤(
٥-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬
٢-‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬
٣-‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬.
٤-‫ﺇﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
٥-‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
٦-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤل‬
٧-‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬
٨-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
٩-‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
١٠-‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬
(Control Samples)‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬
١١-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل‬
١٢-‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬

31. 31
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬.‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻅل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺩﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬:
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬‫ﺍﻵﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﺏ‬:
١.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬:
-‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﻀﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﹸﺤﺩﺙ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺸﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻨﺏ‬
)‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬. (
-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬-‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬.
٢.‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺩ‬.
٣.‫ﺒﺎﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺅﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬.
٤.‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬.
٥.‫ﻨﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻗﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹﺒﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺠﻔﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬)‫ﻤﻠﻘﻁ‬(‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﻀل‬
)‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﺩﻴﻕ‬(‫ﺍﻹﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬.
٦.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬.
٧.‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍﻀ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘل‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬:‫ﺍﻹﻴﺩﺯ‬-‫ﺝ‬ ، ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻥ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻭﻨﻴﻼ‬-
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺴﻴﻼ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻋﻭﻥ‬.....
٨.‫ﺤﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬...