MATTER 3

1. MATTER AND ENERGY
Primary 3

2. MATTER CAN CHANGE IN MANY WAYS
• THESE CHANGES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
TYPES:
• PHYSICAL CHANGES
• CHEMICAL CHANGES

3. PHYSICAL CHANGES
• MATTER HAS DIFFERENT PROPERTIES

4. IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE WE CAN
CHANGE
• THE STATE OF MATTER

5. IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE WE CAN
CHANGE
• THE SHAPE OF MATTER

6. IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE WE CAN
CHANGE
• THE SIZE OF MATTER

7. CHEMICAL CHANGES
• BURNING
• IN A FIRE, WOOD BURNS AND CHANGES INTO
A NEW SUBSTANCE CALLED ASH.

8. CHEMICAL CHANGES
• RUSTING
• THIS METAL CHAIN IS CHANGING INTO RUST
AS IT REACTS WITH WATER AND AIR.

9. FORCES
• THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF FORCES THAT ACT
ON OBJECTS

10. PUSH FORCES

11. PULL FORCES

12. FORCES CAN ACT FROM A DISTANCE
OR THROUGH CONTACT.

13. WHEN THEY ACT FROM A DISTANCE
THEY ARE CALLED NON-CONTACT
FORCES.

14. WHEN THEY COME INTO CONTACT
WITH THE OBJECT THEY ARE CALLED
CONTACT FORCES.

15. NON-CONTACT FORCES
• MAGNETISM – IS A NON-CONTACT FORCE
THAT CAN EITHER ATTRACT OR REPEL
MAGNETIC OBJECTS.

16. GRAVITY
• GRAVITY IS A NON-CONTACT FORCE THAT
PULLS OBJECTS TOWARDS EACH OTHER.

17. CONTACT FORCES
• APPLIED FORCE IS THE FORCE SOMEONE OR
SOMETHING APPLIES TO ANOTHER OBJECT.

18. BUOYANT FORCE
• WHEN AN OBJECT IS PUT IN A LIQUID THERE IS
AN UPWARD FORCE ACTING ON IT CALLED
BUOYANCY.

19. FORMS OF ENERGY
• EVERYTHING WE DO NEEDS ENERGY.

20. WE USE ENERGY TO DO OUR
HOMEWORK, TO PLAY, TO HEAT OUR
HOUSES AND TO MOVE A CAR.

21. LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS
NEED ENERGY.

22. NON-LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY TO
WORK.

23. TOOLS
• USE ENERGY FROM PEOPLE MOVING THEM.

24. MACHINES
• MOST MACHINES USE ENERGY FROM
ELECTRICITY.

25. SOME MACHINES GET THEIR
ELECTRICITY FROM BATTERIES.

26. MOST MEANS OF TRANSPORT USE
ENERGY FROM BURNING FUEL.

27. KINETIC ENERGY
• MOVING THINGS HAVE KINETIC ENERGY.

28. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• ELECTRICITY IS ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

29. CHEMICAL ENERGY
• ANY CHEMICAL CHANGE IN MATTER HAS
CHEMICAL ENERGY.

30. LIGHT ENERGY
• THE SUN PRODUCES LIGHT ENERGY.

31. SOUND ENERGY
• ANYTHING THAT IS MAKING A NOISE HAS
SOUND ENERGY.

32. THERMAL ENERGY
• ANYTHING THAT IS HOT HAS THERMAL
ENERGY.

33. SOURCES OF ENERGY
• THE ENERGY THAT WE USE EVERY DAY COMES
FROM NON-RENEWABLE AND RENEWABLE
SOURCES.

34. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES.
• COAL, PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ARE
NATURAL MATTER.

35. THEY WERE FORMED UNDER THE
GROUND A VERY LONG TIME AGO.
• THEY ARE NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES OF
ENERGY.

36. • THERE IS NEVER NEW COAL, PETROLEUM OR
NATURAL GAS.

37. • THEY ARE LIMITED AND THEY WILL RUN OUT
IN THE FUTURE.

38. • BURNING THEM TO GET ENERGY POLLUTES
AIR AND WATER.

39. COAL IS A BLACK SOLID.

40. PETROLEUM IS A BLACK LIQUID.

41. NATURAL GAS IS A MIXTURE OF
GASES.

42. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
• THE SUN, WIND, WATER AND BIOMASS ARE
RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY.

43. • THERE IS ALWAYS NEW WIND, SUNLIGHT,
WATER AND BIOMASS.

44. • THEY ARE UNLIMITED AND THEY WILL NEVER
RUN OUT.

45. • THEY DON´T POLLUTE THE AIR OR WATER.

46. SOLAR ENERGY
• COMES FROM SUNLIGHT.

47. WIND ENERGY
• COMES FROM MOVING AIR.

48. HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
• COMES FROM MOVING WATER.

49. BIOENERGY
• COMES FROM BURNING ORGANIC MATTER
FROM PLANTS, CALLED BIOMASS.