2. Sustainability (sustainable development) is the science of environmental
Cares to meet current without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their needs
3. Environmental dimensions: Ways to
conserve natural resources and preserve the
Ecological balance.
Simply preserving the environment and resources and do not pollute
5. • The Object ability to give a forces able to accomplish a
specific job.
•The ability of a system to produce effective or External
activity.
Energy:
Architecturally:
• Several sources and objects had its effect in architecture
activity as specified part of its runtime.
6. • The first law of energy:
Energy in the universe do not degrade or developed from scratch.
• Second Law of Energy:
All types of energy can be transformed from one image to another of less
quality and the attendant loss of as much energy without the benefit of it.
• Chemical energy
• Thermal energy
• Nuclear energy
• Photovoltaic
• Electric power
• Solar energy
• Mechanical energy
• Kinetic energy
• Types of energy
7. producing energy
1- solar panels
2-solar thermal
3-wind turbines
4-geo mass
Consumption reduction
1- Passive cooling
2- Natural lighting
3- Insulation
4- Geo Mass
5- High Tech Energies
6- shading devices
7- double skin
8. producing energy
1- solar panels
2-solar thermal
3-wind turbines
4-geo mass
Consumption reduction
1- Passive cooling
2- Natural lighting
3- Insulation
4- Geo Mass
5- High Tech Energies
6- shading devices
7- double skin
9. • producing energy
-Solar Panels
1 –(single-crystal) Monocrystalline Silicon Panels
Monocrystalline (or single-crystal) These panels
are made from one continuous sheet of silicon that has
pieces of metal nailed to the edges to increase the
conductivity and to excite the electrons.
- More expensive than other panels.
- More effective, in the long run.
Types Solar photovoltaics (PV) :
11. • producing energy
- Solar Thermal
Heating water accounts for around 20% of an average
household's energy costs, which is what makes solar
power such good sense. Installing a solar water heating
(SWH) system will help protect the environment. In fact a
standard 2m 2 solar panel installation reduces pollution
equivalent to that produced by a car in one year.
Liquid is heated up through panels that are typically situated on roofs.
Although it is possible to mount panels on walls and flat roofs are no
problem either. Sufisitacted electronic control panels monitor the
temperature of the liquid in a storage cylinder, the liquid contained in
the panels and user requirements. If the system falls below the
temperature required the liquid can be pumped from the panels to a
storage cylinder. Typically solar water heating systems are integrated
with existing hot water heating systems to ensure all year round hot
water.
The system have four major components:
•The solar collector
•A hot water storage cylinder
•Solar control unit
•A pump unit.
How it works
12. • producing energy
The concept involves the use of metallic
or PVC buried pipes. Ambient or indoor
air is delivered inside the tubes where it is
pre-cooled and then is delivered to the
building or the system. When outdoor air
is circulated into the pipes the system is
characterized as an open loop system
while when the indoor air is circulated
from the building through the tubes the
system is known as a closed-loop system.
Geo Mass
•Underground cooling
13. • producing energy
The above image shows the layout and basic
components of a standard wind generator. While
wind generators come in many different shapes
and sizes, the general, main components do
remain standard throughout most models.
Blades.
The Hub.
The Main Shaft.
Gear-Box Transmission.
The Brake .
High-Speed Shaft .
Generator .
Housing .
Tower .
Wind Turbine
18. LEED
-What is LEED
-LEED History
-LEED Measures
-LEED Rating
-System
-How to achieve
certification
19. • Consumption reduction -What is LEED ?
Certification system recognized internationally adopted
for environmental buildings.
• Built using strategies aimed at improving performance in metrics
such as energy savings, water efficiency, reduce emissions and
improve indoor environmental quality, and management of
resources and sensitivity to their impacts.0
The importance of this system lies in that it is subject design
of the building or neighborhood to strategies aimed at
improving performance in all important metrics, such as:
USGBC
20. -What is LEED ?
1 - Energy Saving
2 - The exploitation of resources,
taking into account the effects
3 - Reduce carbon dioxide emissions
5 - Improving the indoor environment
4 - The efficient use of water
21. • Consumption reduction
Valuation method in the LEED system: -
There are 100 basis points plus 6 points subset of
creativity in design, and 4 points for regional priority
buildings can qualify for four levels of certification: -
Certified - 40 - 49 points
Silver - 50 - 59 points
Gold - 60 - 79 points
Platinum - 80 points and above
LEED Rating System
22. • Consumption reduction
LEED Measures:
Sustainable Site
26 point
Efficient use of water
10 points
Energy and Atmosphere
35 Point
Materials and resources
14 point
Indoor environmental
quality 15 point
Location and
Planning
Awareness and
education
Innovation and
design process
6 point
Regional priority
4 points
Points Distributed Method : -
Total points: 110
23. •Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
•Optimal performance of energy
•Energy regeneration
•Green Energy
Energy and Atmosphere
35 Point
• Site selection
• Urban Redevelopment
• Reduce noise pollution
• Stormwater management.
• Foreign design spaces
Sustainable Site
26 point
• Reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
• Natural ventilation.
• Reducing chemical pollutants.
• Natural lighting.
Indoor environmental
quality 15 point
• Storage and collection is
subject to storage.
• Re-use of materials.
Materials and resources
14 point
24. • Consumption reduction
How To Achieve Certification?
Is obtained LEED certification after the submission of a formal
model complies with the requirements of the evaluation
system, as well as the registration and certification fee.
After verification of the third party and comply with the
requirements of the project.? Has recently been streamlined
mechanism to obtain a construction certificate to become an
electronic cross-range models in the form of PDF are filled out
electronically.
Accreditation mechanism: -
26. • Consumption reduction
WHAT ARE SUSTAINABLE
BUILDING MATERIALS?
Sustainable building materials can be defined as
materials with overall superior performance in
terms of specified criteria. The following criteria are
commonly used:
• Locally produced and sourced materials .
• Transport costs and environmental impact .
• Thermal efficiency .
• Occupant needs and health considerations .
• Financial viability .
• Recyclability of building materials and the
demolished building .
• Waste and pollution generated in the
manufacturing process .
• Toxic emissions generated by the product .
• Maintenance costs .
28. • Consumption reduction
Phases of Building Materials
Pre-Building Phase :
• The Pre-Building Phase describes the production
and delivery process of a material up to, but not
including, the point of installation .
• Discovering raw materials in nature as well as
extracting, manufacturing, packaging, and
transportation to a building site .
• This phase has the most potential for causing
environmental damage .
29. • Consumption reduction
Phases of Building Materials
Pre-Building Phase :
• At this stage, you must carefully choose materials .
• Raw material procurement methods, the
manufacturing process itself, and the distance from
the manufacturing location to the building site all
have environmental consequences
30. • Consumption reduction
Phases of Building Materials
Building Phase :
• The Building Phase refers to a building material’s
useful life.
• This phase begins at the point of the material’s
assembly into a structure, includes the maintenance
and repair of the material, and extends throughout
the life of the material within or as part of the
building.
• Construction: The material waste generated on a
building construction site can be considerable.
31. • Consumption reduction
Phases of Building Materials
Building Phase :
• Use/Maintenance: Long-term exposure to certain
building .
•materials may be hazardous to the health of a
building’s Occupants .
32. • Consumption reduction
Phases of Building Materials
Post-Building Phase :
• The Post-Building Phase refers to the building
materials
when their usefulness in a building has expired. At
this point,
a material may be reused in its entirety, have its
components
recycled back into other products, or be discarded.
• The demolition of buildings and disposal of the
resulting waste has a high environmental cost .
• Some building materials may be chosen because of
their adaptability to new uses.
33. • Consumption reduction
Recycled Content
• Usable building products reduces the waste stream
and the demand on virgin natural resources.
• By recycling materials, the embodied energy they
contain is preserved.
• The energy used in the recycling process for most
materials is far less than the energy used in the
original manufacturing.
• Building materials that have potential for recycling
include glass, plastics, metals, concrete or brick, and
wood.
34. • Consumption reduction
Embodied Energy Reduction
• The embodied energy of a material refers to the total
energy required to produce that material, including
the collection of raw materials .
• This includes the energy of the fuel used to power
the harvesting or mining equipment, the processing
equipment, and the transportation devices that move
raw material to a processing facility.
• The greater a material’s embodied energy, the
greater the amount of energy required to produce it,
implying more severe ecological consequences
35. • Consumption reduction
Use of Natural Materials
• Natural materials are generally lower in embodied
energy and toxicity than man-made materials.
• They require less processing and are less
damaging to the environment. Many, like wood, are
theoretically renewable.
• When natural materials are incorporated into
building products, the products become more
sustainable.
36. • Consumption reduction
Local Materials
• Using locally produced building materials shortens
transport distances, thus reducing air pollution
produced by vehicles.
• local materials are better suited to climatic
conditions, and these purchases support area
economies.
37. • Consumption reduction
Use of Non-Toxic or Less-Toxic
Materials
• Non- or less-toxic materials are less hazardous to
construction .
• Many materials adversely affect indoor air quality
and expose occupants to health hazards.
42. • Consumption reduction
What makes a product green?
• Sustainable products have no or minimal
adverse impacts on human health and the
environment, as measured over their life
cycle.
Sustainable Materials
46. • Consumption reduction
Examples of Sustainable products :
TIMBER
Sustainable Materials
Wood offers the builder or designer several environmental
advantages over common, alternative building materials.
Namely:
• Wood is a renewable resource;
• Wood products store carbon dioxide;
• Comparatively, the manufacture of most wood
products requires smaller amounts of energy; and
• Residues generated through the processing of wood
can be reused in a variety of positive ways.
48. Examples of Sustainable products :
CONCRETE
Sustainable Materials
In America, there are 38 states use the gravel
resulting from recycled concrete for the work of the
lower classes of roads as there are 11 states and
manages the concrete used in the production of new
concrete.
In the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and South Africa,
there is considerable interest in this and Pakistan,
which engaged the Belgian expertise in this area
either Thailand has been used in popular housing
projects and excelled more and more of China and
Japan and Australia.
49. • Consumption reduction
Examples of Sustainable products :
CONCRETE
Sustainable Materials
Negatives concrete
• Consume too much water compared to other
materials .
• Produces co2 largely .
Positives concret :
• Can be recycled
• Strength and flexibility compared to other
materials .
50.
51. producing energy
1- solar panels
2-solar thermal
3-wind turbines
4-Microhydro Turbines
5Energy Recovery Systems
Consumption reduction
1- Envelope
2- Natural lighting
3- Heating
4- Cooling
55. DAYLIGHT FACTOR(DF) is a numerical ratio used to describe the relationship between
indoor and outdoor da daylight illuminances relationship between indoor and outdoor
daylight illuminances
DAYLIGHT
Natural lighting
56. DAYLIGHT
Natural lighting
Side Light Light coming from side apertures like
windows can only penetrate so far into a building
Top Light Higher apertures are more
effective at bringing light deep into the
building. This often means glazing in
roofs
57. The daylight IL luminance experienced at any given point in a
building
depends upon the factors noted above and:
• the building’s global location and prevailing climate;
• the time of day/month/year;
• the current sky condition
Effects
58. Estimate the size of daylighting apertures required to provide
the target daylight factors as follows
A= ((DFavg) *(Afloor)) / (AE)
where,
A required area of aperture, [m2]
DFavg target daylight factor
Afloor illuminated floor area, [m2]
AE aperture effectiveness factor
59. Determine the required area of daylighting aperture by using the
following estimates
A =((DFtarget) (Afloor)) / (F)
where,
A required area of aperture, [m2]
DFtarget target daylight factor
Afloor floor area, [m2]
F 0.2 if the target is an average daylight factor OR
0.1 if the target is a minimum daylight factor
60. DAYLIGHT
Location and orientation: The location of a space relative
to the
daylight source (e.g. next to an exterior wall, within an
interior
atrium, etc.) and the orientation of the space (e.g. a
space with an
aperture facing north versus a west-facing aperture) will
help to
determine how daylight can be used
A daylight factor of 4–8% is
Considered appropriate for
fine machine work. The
designer selects a 6% DF
61. DAYLIGHT
Conceptual diagram of a top
lighting system at the San Francisco
Public Library in San
Francisco, California. Illuminance
measurements with the electric lighting
on and off show the
light distribution through the space and
the influence of daylight from the
skylights
63. HEATING
SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY SYSTEMS :
utilize energy
from the sun f or domestic w ater
heating, pool heating, preheating of
ventilation air, and/or space heating.
The most common application
65. HEATING
SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY SYSTEMS :
utilize energy
from the sun f or domestic w ater
heating, pool heating, preheating of
ventilation air, and/or space heating.
The most common application
66. COOLING
The most effective method to lessen energy use for
mechanical cooling
is to eliminate the need for it through climate-adapted
design.While this
is not always possible
CROSS VENTILA TION establishes a f low of cooler outdoor air
through a space; this flow carries heat out of a building
67. COOLING
CROSS VENTILA TION establishes a f low of cooler outdoor air
through a space; this flow carries heat out of a building
69. COOLING
For spaces with windows on opposite sides, the
natural ventilation effectiveness limit will be less
than five times the floor to ceiling height into
the building
For spaces with windows on only one side,
natural ventilation will not reach farther than
two times the floor to ceiling height into the
building
70. • Consumption reduction
Passive cooling
Modern wind catcher
For applications requiring greater cooling and
airflow Vento manufactures the SOLA-BOOST
which through the addition of a solar driven
internal fan can provide a building an
additional 260l/s of fresh air. This is on top of
the 710l/s provided by the passive shafts
alone .
wind catcher
73. • Consumption reduction
Passive cooling
The presence a chimney enhances the effect for several reasons:
1- The lower effective section increases the air speed in the
chimney; this lowers the pressure in the chimney, creating a greater
difference in pressure with the rest of the interior space, thus
accelerating the air movement (Venturi effect).
2 - Being tall, the chimney increases the temperature difference
between the air intake and exhaust points, increasing the Venturi
effect.
3 - Even a slight wind lowers the pressure at the chimney exhaust,
and consequently increases the efficiency of air extraction.
Passive cooling
• Chimney effect
75. COOLING
Stack Ventilation
stack ventilation uses temperature differences to move air. Hot air
rises because it is lower pressure. For this reason, it is sometimes
called buoyancy ventilation
The stack effect: hot air rises due to buoyancy,
and its low pressure sucks in fresh air from
outside
79. COOLING
EARTH SHELTERING capitalizes on the inherent climate control
capabilities of the subterranean environment
Burying some or all of a building in order to capitalize upon stable
subterranean soil temperature
80. COOLING
EARTH SHELTERING
1:Analyze the site, considering natural drainage patterns, existing
vegetation, solar access, wind flow patterns, microclimates, and
subsurface conditions. Select a building location that is most
amenable to meeting the project’s design intents
81. COOLING Orientation for Cooling
Tall buildings improve natural ventilation, and
in lower latitudes reduce sun exposure.
Buildings should be oriented to maximize benefits from
cooling breezes in hot weather and shelter from undesirable
winds in cold weather. Look at the prevailing winds for your
site throughout the year
82. COOLING Orientation for Cooling
Orientation for maximum passive ventilation
buildings that feature a courtyard and are
located in climates where cooling is desired,
orienting the courtyard 45 degrees from
the prevailing wind maximizes wind in the
courtyard and cross ventilation through the
building
