2. are proteins that catalyze, or affect the rate,
of chemical reactions without themselves
being altered in the process. Specific
enzymes catalyze each cellular reaction.

3. The main role of enzymes during metabolic
reactions is to assist in transferring
electrons from one molecule to another.

5.  First step of the respiration takes place at
cytoplasm.
 Consists of nine separate chemical
reactions.
 The key players in glycolysis are the enzyme
dehydrogenase and coenzyme called NAD+.

6.  a series of reactions that constitute the first
phase of most carbohydrate catabolism.
 Glycolysis breaks down glucose and
forms pyruvate with the production of two
molecules of ATP.

9.  The second step of respiration reaction
takes place inside a cell organelle called the
mitochondria, which due to their role in ATP
production are called “power factories” for
the cell.

10.  The citric acid cycle — also known as the
tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), the Krebs cycle,
or the Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle — is a series of
enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of
central importance in all living cells that use
oxygen as part of cellular respiration.
 In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in
the matrix of the mitochondrion. The components
and reactions of the citric acid cycle were
established by seminal work from Albert Szent-
Györgyi and Hans Krebs.

11.  In aerobic organisms, the maerianne is part of a
metabolic pathway involved in the chemical conversion
of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide
and water to generate a form of usable energy.
 Other relevant reactions in the pathway include those in
glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation before the citric acid
cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation after it.
 In addition, it provides precursors for many compounds
including some amino acids and is therefore functional
even in cells performing fermentation

13.  Is a metabolic pathway which mitochondria use
their structures, enzymes, released by oxidation to
reform ATP.
 The final step of the respiration reaction
also called the electron transport chain is
where the energy payoff occurs for the cell.

14.  The potential energy formed from this is stored
and tapped by allowing protons to move back
across the membrane, through a large enzyme
ATP Synthesis.
 The enzyme uses the energy produced to
generate ATP from ADP (adenosine
diphosphate), in a phosphorylation reaction

17.  Is the process by which plants use the sunlight as a
form of energy by converting carbon dioxide.
 Only occurs in certain pigment-containing cell of
producers.
 All producers contain pigments, which are essential
for photosynthesis. The most common pigment in
producers is chlorophyll.

19.  During the first two stages of
photosynthesis, enzymes break up the
electrons from water molecules to yield
oxygen gas and hydrogen ions. When it
reaches the third stage, enzymes assist in
the chemical reactions to produce three-
carbon and six- carbon sugar.

21.  The process of light- dependent uptake of
molecular oxygen concomitant with release of
carbon dioxide from organic compounds.
 occurs when the CO2 levels inside a leaf become low.

22.  Photorespiration reduces the efficiency of
photosynthesis for a couple of reasons.