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PRESENTED BY
AMMARA VIRK
(BBA)
CONTENTS
• Social Mobility
• Open and Closed stratification
system
• Types of Social Mobility
• Causes of Social Mobility
• Effects of Social Mobility
Social Mobility
Movements of individuals or groups
from one position in a society’s
stratification system to an other is called
Social Mobility.
Types of Social Mobility

•
•
•
•

Vertical Mobility
Horizontal Mobility
Intergenerational Mobility
Intra-generational Mobility
Horizontal Mobility
The movement of an individual from
one social position to another of the
same rank.
Vertical Mobility
• The movement of an individual from
one social position to another of a
different rank.
• e.g pilot become a lawyer.
• Vertical mobility involves:
1-upword mobility
2-downward mobility
Intergenerational Mobility
• Changes in the social position of
children relative to their parents.
Intragenerational Mobility
• Changes in social position within a
person’s adult life.
Open stratification system
• A social system in which the position of
each individual is influenced by his or
her achieved status.
--Open systems encourage competition among members of society.
Negative effects
Ethnic and culture problems
• Unequal division of population
• Unemployment
• Increase in crime
Positive Effects
•
•
•
•
•

Betterment in living standard
National unity is increased
Projection of different ideas
Tendency of personal freedom
End of obsolete customs
Causes of Social Mobility
•
•
•
•
•

Geographical causes
Political and Economic causes
Desire of better living standard
Desire of higher education
Development of communication and
media
Social Policy and Stratification
• The Issue
--Governments in all parts of
the world are searching for the
right solution to welfare.
--How much subsidy should
they provide?
--How much responsibility
should fall on the shoulders of
the poor?
• The Setting
– --In 1996, a historic “workfare” act was
passed in the United States that ended the
long-standing federal guarantee of
assistance to every poor family that meets
eligibility requirements. It required that all
able-bodied adults work after two years of
benefits.
– --Other countries vary widely in their
commitment to social service programs.
• Sociological Insights
– --Many sociologists view the debate over welfare
from a conflict perspective.
– --From a conflict perspective, the backlash against
welfare recipients reflects deep fears and hostility
toward the nation’s urban and predominantly
African American and Hispanic underclass.
– --Tax breaks and other “corporate welfare”
granted by the government for corporations should
also be examined closely.
• Policy Initiatives
– --There are some success stories in the new
“workfare” program of the United States.
– --However, it is too early to see how a dipping
economy and prospects for the hard-core jobless
will affect the program in the long run.
– --Medical coverage and child care remain issues
for the the working poor.
– --In North America and Europe, solutions are often
left to the private sector while government policy
initiatives at the national level all but disappear.
Thank You
Office
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Social mobility oo5

  • 2. CONTENTS • Social Mobility • Open and Closed stratification system • Types of Social Mobility • Causes of Social Mobility • Effects of Social Mobility
  • 3. Social Mobility Movements of individuals or groups from one position in a society’s stratification system to an other is called Social Mobility.
  • 4. Types of Social Mobility • • • • Vertical Mobility Horizontal Mobility Intergenerational Mobility Intra-generational Mobility
  • 5. Horizontal Mobility The movement of an individual from one social position to another of the same rank.
  • 6. Vertical Mobility • The movement of an individual from one social position to another of a different rank. • e.g pilot become a lawyer. • Vertical mobility involves: 1-upword mobility 2-downward mobility
  • 7. Intergenerational Mobility • Changes in the social position of children relative to their parents.
  • 8. Intragenerational Mobility • Changes in social position within a person’s adult life.
  • 9. Open stratification system • A social system in which the position of each individual is influenced by his or her achieved status. --Open systems encourage competition among members of society.
  • 10. Negative effects Ethnic and culture problems • Unequal division of population • Unemployment • Increase in crime
  • 11. Positive Effects • • • • • Betterment in living standard National unity is increased Projection of different ideas Tendency of personal freedom End of obsolete customs
  • 12. Causes of Social Mobility • • • • • Geographical causes Political and Economic causes Desire of better living standard Desire of higher education Development of communication and media
  • 13. Social Policy and Stratification • The Issue --Governments in all parts of the world are searching for the right solution to welfare. --How much subsidy should they provide? --How much responsibility should fall on the shoulders of the poor?
  • 14. • The Setting – --In 1996, a historic “workfare” act was passed in the United States that ended the long-standing federal guarantee of assistance to every poor family that meets eligibility requirements. It required that all able-bodied adults work after two years of benefits. – --Other countries vary widely in their commitment to social service programs.
  • 15. • Sociological Insights – --Many sociologists view the debate over welfare from a conflict perspective. – --From a conflict perspective, the backlash against welfare recipients reflects deep fears and hostility toward the nation’s urban and predominantly African American and Hispanic underclass. – --Tax breaks and other “corporate welfare” granted by the government for corporations should also be examined closely.
  • 16. • Policy Initiatives – --There are some success stories in the new “workfare” program of the United States. – --However, it is too early to see how a dipping economy and prospects for the hard-core jobless will affect the program in the long run. – --Medical coverage and child care remain issues for the the working poor. – --In North America and Europe, solutions are often left to the private sector while government policy initiatives at the national level all but disappear.