1. POWER RELATIONS, CONFLICT AND COOPERATION IN THE NILE BASIN Ana Elisa Cascão King’s College of London Presentation to: “ The Curse of Scarcity and Abundance? Water and Oil Wars in the Gulf and Nile Basin ” American University of Cairo 5th April 2008
7. CONFLICT OF INTERESTS Historical and acquired rights Potential needs and uses “ New water” Storage infrastructures Hydropower Irrigation Extreme dependence Water for development CONFLICT OF LANGUAGES
8. POWER RELATIONS MATTER! EGYPT SUDAN ETHIOPIA Geography Geography Geography Material power Material power Material power Bargaining power Bargaining power Bargaining power Ideational power Ideational power Ideational power Two Hydropolitical Dynamics: Hegemony & Counter-Hegemony (Adapted from Zeitoun, 2005)
10. COOPERATION = EQUITY? Equitable utilisation Development Benefits Nile Basin Initiative
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12. CONFLICT PREVENTION* Planned Water Development Generation of Benefits Downstream Alternative Water Resources Regional Virtual Water Control of expansion of commercial agriculture Relinquish Sovereignty Strong Water Institutions Neutral Knowledge Ethics Multi-level Cooperation New Inclusive Agreeement POLITICAL FLEXIBILITY