PMP Key Exam Concepts WPD, WPI & WPR

By: Anand Bobade; PMP, SCEA, MCP, CIW (nmbobade@gmail.com)
PMP:
Key Exam Concepts Series
Crystal Clear understanding of key PMP concepts are
essential to pass the PMP exam. These slide will help you to:
• Visually learn key concepts
• Get deep understand with real world examples
• Sample Questions
Work Performance
Data
Work Performance
Information
Work Performance
Report

Definitions
Work Performance Data:
• The raw observations & measurements identified
during activities performed to carry out the project
work.
Work Performance Information:
• The performance data collected from various
controlling processes, analyzed in context &
integrated based on relationships across areas.
Work Performance Report:
• The physical or electronic representation of WPI
compiled in project documents, intended to generate
decision or raise issues, actions or awareness

What is Work Performance Data (WPD)?
Work
Performance
Data
The raw observations & measurements identified
during activities performed to carry out the
project work.
It is the raw data of the project’s status.
e.g. actual cost, actual duration etc.

How WPD is generated?
Work
Performance
Data
The compliance of requirements, non-conformities.
The number of change requests received, accepted
or rejected.
How many activities have been started, finished, &
status of current activities etc.
Cost parameter of project. E.g., work completed,
money spent to date, etc.
Testing & performance measurements. E.g.,
characteristics of product, quality metrics, number
of defects, rejection rate, etc.

Work
Performance
Data
Distribution of communications reports, feedback
on report, etc.
Risk status, new identified risks, effectiveness of
risk response plan, contingency or management
reserve utilization, risk impact on schedule, cost,
and scope.
Procurement related activities. E.g., quality
standards met by seller, seller’s performance, etc.

Work
Performance
Data
Executing PG ->
Direct and Manage
Project work
Work Performance
Data
Validate Scope Control Scope Control
Schedule
Control Cost Control Quality
Control
Communicatio
n
Control Risks Control
Stakeholder
Eng.
Control
Procurements
Monitoring &
Controlling PG

Project team status meeting
WPD -> Example
No of activities started,
finished
Work completed,
money spent.
Number of defects found,
the rejection rate
Risk status; new risks,
effectiveness of risk
response plan
Control Schedule –
identify delay
Control Cost – Analyses
cost of completed work
vs money spent
Control Quality – analyse
data & control quality
Control Risks – analyse
risk data & re-
asses/control risks
Monitoring & Controlling PG

12.3 Control Procurement ->Input->WPDWhat is Work Performance Information (WPI)?
Work
Performance
Information
The performance data collected from various controlling
processes, analyzed in context and integrated based on
relationships across areas
PM analyze the work performance data. Compare
planned performance with actual performance
E.g, Planned vs actual cost, planned vs actual duration

12.3 Control Procurement ->Input->WPDHow WPI is generated?
Work
Performance
Information
Review project’s progress; e.g. status of
deliverables, whether deliverable is accepted, how
project scope is performing against scope baseline.
Compare planned schedule with actual schedule.
You will see the planned duration for an activity,
and the time taken by the activity to be completed,
etc
PM will compare planned cost with actual cost of
this activity; i.e. planned cost versus actual cost
spent. You will also review other parameters such
as cost variance, cost performance, etc
PM will analyze planned versus actual technical
performance, such as how many defects, tolerance
& threshold was allowed, and how much it actually
is, how much rework is required, etc

Work
Performance
Information
Find the status and progress information of the
project & check if it is communicated or not.
Compare how risks have occurred, efficiency of risk
response plan, how much contingency money has
been spent, and what is remaining reserve, etc.
Review the seller’s performance against agreed
terms.

Monitoring & Controlling PG-> Control Process
Work
Performance
Information
Validate Scope Control Scope Control
Schedule
Control Cost Control Quality
Control
Communication
Stakeholder Eng.
Control
Procurements
Monitoring & Controlling
PG-> Monitor & Control
Project work
Work Performance
Information

Relation between WPD & WPI
• Executing PG ->Direct
& Manage process
• Generates WPD
• Monitor & Control PG -
> All Control process
• Generate WPI
•Monitoring & Controlling
PG-> Monitor & Control
Project work

WPI -> Example
Control Schedule – identify
delay & try controlling it
Control Cost – Analyses cost of
completed work against money
spent
Control Quality – analyse data
& control quality
Control Risks – analyse risk
data & re-asses/control risks
Compare, Assess, Document,
Forecast & Communicate
 SV, SPI
 CV, CPI
 Quality issues, corrective actions
 New risks, closed risk
User below T&T to initiate CR &
distribute reports:
 Expert Judgment
 Analytical Techniques
 PMIS &Meetings
Monitoring & Controlling PG ->
Control Processes
Monitor & Control Project work

12.3 Control Procurement ->Input->WPDWhat is Work Performance Reports (WPR)?
Work
Performance
Reports
The physical or electronic representation of work performance
information compiled in project documents, intended to generate
decision or raise issues, actions or awareness
Are output of the Monitor & Control Project Work process, and
input to various managing and controlling processes.
Helps stakeholders with current status of the project and its
performance against the planned baselines.
If project is not progressing as planned, stakeholder may decide to
take any corrective action. E.g., extra funds or resources, or time
extension etc.
It can be given to stakeholders in a format desired by them and as
decided in the communication management plan.

12.3 Control Procurement ->Input->WPDHow WPR is generated?
Work
Performance
Reports
Manage Project
Team
Manage
Communication
Perform
Integrated
Change Control
Procurement
Monitoring & Controlling PG->
Monitoring & Controlling PGExecuting PG
Work Performance
Reports

12.3 Control Procurement ->Input->WPDFormat of WPR
Work
Performance
Reports
Performance Reports may be any combination of these
formats:
Burndown
Chart
S-Curve Bar Charts
Histograms Tables Run Charts.

12.3 Control Procurement ->Input->WPDContent of WPR
Work
Performance
Reports
The content of the Performance Reports includes:
Percentage of the work completed
Balance work to be completed
Cost incurred
Balance of funds available
Balance of time available
Major risks that have occurred, or passed without occurring
Major remaining identified risks
Results of variance analysis: e.g. schedule variance and cost variance
Performance indexes: e.g. SPI , CPI
Forecasted fund required to complete the remaining work
Forecasted time required to complete the remaining work
Summary of major approved change requests.

WPR -> Example
Execute PG -> Manage
Communication:
Share Performance report to all
stakeholders through manage
communication process.
M & C PG -> Perform Integrated
Change Control:
Huge variance or major finding in
performance reports will warrant CR.
CCB
Stakeholders
Compare, Assess,
Document,
Forecast & Communicate
 SV, SPI
 CV, CPI
 Quality issues, corrective
actions
 New risks, closed risk

ReviewReview
Work performance data is a collection of raw information of the project’s status.
On the other hand, work performance information is a comparison of various
performances, like cost and schedule, etc.
Work performance data and work performance information are the basis for the
Performance Reports.
The Performance Reports are the reports given to project stakeholders to make them
aware of the current status and the forecasted progress of the project.
The Performance Reports show stakeholders how the project is going.
The forecast analysis of what they should expect if the project is allowed to keep
going in the same way, or what additional funds or resources may be required to
complete the project

ReviewSample Questions
1. Anand is working on CRM project for Dubai
Customs, even though you are using agile methods,
you realize you are preparing an extensive amount of
data and information. You regularly share data with
your project team. Your last team meeting focused on
the number of change requests and also the start and
finish dates of activities in your schedule. They are
examples of—
• A. Key performance indicators
• B. Work performance reports
• C. Work performance data
• D. Work performance information

2. The purpose of work performance data
in control communications is to present
results of comparative analysis to the—
• A. Performance measurement baseline
• B. Communications management plan
• C. Stakeholder management plan
• D. Deliverable status

3. Work performance information
includes all the following EXCEPT—
• A. Started deliverables
• B. Costs authorized and incurred
• C. Progress of deliverables
• D. Completed deliverables

4. Work performance information is an output
of which process?
• A. Manage risks
• B. Manage communications
• C. Control communications
• D. Report performance

5. Assume you want to optimize the work
performance reports you will use to manage
communications. You should do so by—
• A. Determining the most appropriate choice of
communications media
• B. Setting different communications techniques for
different stakeholder groups
• B. Ensuring the information is consistent with regulations
and standards
• D. Ensuring comprehensiveness, accuracy, and availability

ReviewSample Questions - Answers
1. c. Work performance data
• Work performance data are the raw observations and
measurements identified during activities performed to carry out
the work of the project. Other examples are the reported
percent of work physically completed, quality and technical
performance measures, number of defects, actual costs, and
actual durations. [Executing]
2. a. Performance measurement baseline
• Wok performance data are an input in control communications.
These data organize and summarize information gathered and
present the results of comparative analysis to the performance
measurement baseline. [Monitoring and Controlling]

3. b. Costs authorized and incurred
• Work performance information is an output of validate scope.
It emphasizes deliverables—whether or not they have started,
their progress, and ones that have finished or have been
accepted. [Monitoring and Controlling]
4. c. Control communications
• Work performance information, an output of control
communications, organizes and summaries performance data
such as status and progress information on the project at the
level required by stakeholders. This information next is
communicated to the appropriate stakeholders. [Monitoring
and Controlling]

5. d. Ensuring comprehensiveness,
accuracy, and availability
• Work performance reports are an input to manage
communications. They are a collection of project
performance and status information used to facilitate
discussion and create communications. They should
be comprehensive, accurate, and available in a timely
way. [Executing]

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