1. BASAL GANGLIA Dr. Israa M. Sulaiman Department of Anatomy IMS/MSU

4. Traditional Concepts of Basal Ganglia Corpus Striatum Caudate Nucleus Lenticular Nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus Paleostriatum Pallidum Corpus Amygdaloideum Archistriatum Neostriatum Striatum Basal Ganglia

5. 1. Putamen 2. Tail of caudate nucleus 3. Caudatolenticular gray bridge 4. Amygdaloid body 5. thalamus Lateral surface of basal ganglia

6. 1. head of caudate nucelus 2. body of caudate nucelus 3. caudatolenticular gray bridge 4. putamen 5. tail of caudate nucleus 6. external segment of globus pallidus 7. internal segment of globus pallidus 8. amygdaloid body 9. nucleus accumbens septi Medial surface of basal ganglia

7. Components of Basal Ganglia Corpus Striatum Striatum ----- Caudate Nucleus & Putamen Pallidum ----- Globus Pallidus (GP) Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (SNc) Pars Reticulata (SNr) Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) Ventral Striatum and Ventral Pallidum Nucleus Accumbens Septi Non cholinergic portion of Substantia Innominata Basal Ganglia Components

8. STRIATUM Caudate Nucleus Head, (Corpus), Tail caudatolenticular gray bridge Putamen Ventral Striatum : Nucleus Accumbens (Septi) Basal Ganglia Components

9. BASAL GANGLIA BASAL GANGLIA CORPUS STRIATUM AMYGDALA NEOSTRIATUM CAUDATE NUCLEUS PALEOSTRIATUM PUTAMEN GLOBUS PALLIDUS LENTIFORM NUCLEUS CLAUSTRUM

10. TERMINOLOGIES Neurological structure Basal nuclei Corpus striatum Caudate nucleus + lentiform nucleus Amygdala Amygdaloid nucleus Claustrum Claustrum Neostriatum Caudate nucleus + putamen Paleostriatum Globus pallidus Caudate nucleus Caudate nucleus Lentiform nucleus Globus pallidus + putamen

11. Anterior horn Inferior horn Posterior horn Amygdaloid nucleus Basal ganglia

12. Basal Ganglia Components Striosome and Matrix compartment AchE

13. Putamen Globus pallidus external segment internal segment Subthalamic Nucleus Substantia nigra Internal capsule Components of Basal Ganglia

14. habenular nucleus tectum (superior colliculus) PPN (pedunculopontine nucleus) amygdaloid body raphe Cerebral Cortex STN Pallidum SNr STRIATUM Connections of the Basal Ganglia SNc Thalamus

15. Basal Ganglia (Prefronatal Complex Loop) Connections Prefrontal Association Cortex Primary Motor Area (M I) THALAMUS (VLm, VAmc, MD) STRIATUM (Caudate Nucleus) SNr (Substantia Nigra, pars reticulata) pyramidal tract LMN

16. Basal Ganglia (Limbic Loop) Connections Orbitofrontal Cortex Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Hippocampal Formation THALAMUS (VAmc, MD) Ventral Striatum Caudate Nucleus Ventral Pallidum GPi, SNr

17. Basal Ganglia (Oculomotor Loop) Connections Frontal Eye Field (area 8) Primary Motor Area (M I) THALAMUS (VLm, VAmc, MD) STRIATUM (Caudate Nucleus) SNr (Substantia Nigra, pars reticulata) pyramidal tract LMN Tectum

18. Basal Ganglia (SNc and CM-PF nuclear complex) Connections Pallidum Striatum THALAMUS (CM-PF) Pallidum Striatum SNc

19. Basal Ganglia (Brain Stem Efferents) Phylogeny GPi SNr Tectum (superior colliculus) SpL nDCP DIP (thalamus) Neostriatum Intermediale (motor cortex) aves (birds) GPi SNr Tectum (superior colliculus) nPC VA-VL complex (thalamus) motor cortex mammals

20. Basal Ganglia (STN) Connections SNr GPi STN GPe subthalamic fasciculus Output Portion of Basal Ganglia Cerebral Coretx Thalamus (CM-PF) PPN Subthalamic Nucleus

22. Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus Claustrum Lentiform nucleus Insula Basal ganglia HORIZONTAL SECTION ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

23. Thalamus Amygdala SUPERIOR INFERIOR CORONAL SECTION Basal ganglia Caudate nucleus Claustrum Lentiform nucleus

24. Thalamus Substantia nigra Subthalamic nucleus SUPERIOR INFERIOR CORONAL SECTION Basal ganglia Caudate nucleus Tail of Caudate nucleus

25. Thalamus Substantia nigra Red nucleus SUPERIOR INFERIOR CORONAL SECTION Basal ganglia

29. Caudate nucleus

30. Lentiform nucleus Lentiform thalamus Caudate Amygdaloid Putamen Globus pallidus Putamen – lateral medullary lamina – Globus Pallidus Lat GP – medial medullary lamina – Med GP

31. Lentiform nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus Lateral medullary lamina Medial medullary lamina Lat GP Med GP

33. Amygdaloid nucleus Lentiform thalamus Caudate Amygdaloid Putamen Globus pallidus Temporal lobe - Roof of inf horn of lateral ventricle

34. Caudate n Thalamus Globus pallidus Putamen Subthalamic nuclei Substantia nigra Substantia nigra Subthalamic nuclei Coronal section

37. Connections CN/ i/laminar thal

39. Corticostriate-Glutamate thalamostriate Nigrostriate-dopa Striatopallidal-GABA Brainstem striatal-serotonin Striatopallidal-GABA Striatonigral-GABA,Ach Ansa lenticularis Fasciculus lenticularis pallidotegmental pallidosubthalamic Caudate n Thalamus Globus pallidus Putamen Subthalamic nuclei Substantia nigra Subthalamus-pallidal Connections of basal ganglia Afferent fibres Efferent fibres Pallidofugal fibres

42. premotor 1 o sensory 1 2 4 Brainstem supplementary motor 3

45. 1 2 Ansa lenticularis Fasc lenticularis Pallidosubthalamic Pallidotegmental

51. Cerebral cortex Corticospinal Corticobulbar Corticostriatal Direct Indirect Striatonigral Striatopallidal inhibitory Disinhibit neurone thalamus Facilitate movement Subthalamic N Med pallidal inhibitory inhibitory Lat pallidal Activate neurone Inhibit unwanted movement excitatory

53. Cerebral cortex Corticospinal Corticobulbar Corticostriatal Direct Indirect Striatonigral Striatopallidal inhibitory Disinhibit neurone thalamus Facilitate movement Subthalamic N Med pallidal inhibitory inhibitory Lat pallidal Activate neurone Inhibit unwanted movement excitatory

54. Corticostriate-Glutamate thalamostriate Nigrostriate-dopa Striatopallidal-GABA Brainstem striatal-serotonin Striatopallidal-GABA Striatonigral-GABA,Ach Ansa lenticularis Fasciculus lenticularis pallidotegmental pallidotsubthalamic Caudate n Thalamus Globus pallidus Putamen Subthalamic nuclei Substantia nigra Subthalamus-pallidal Connections of basal ganglia Afferent fibres Efferent fibres Pallidofugal fibres

56. Caudate n Thalamus Globus pallidus Putamen Subthalamic nuclei Substantia nigra Afferent fibres Efferent fibres

57. Caudate n Thalamus Globus pallidus Putamen Subthalamic nuclei Substantia nigra Afferent fibres Efferent fibres

58. Connections of basal ganglia-afferent fibres A-Brainstem striatal fibres B-thalamostriate C-corticostriate D-subthalamic E-nigrostriate Match the connections - EXCERCISE

59. Connections of basal ganglia-efferent fibres A-pallidosubthalamic B-striatopallidal C-ansa lenticularis D-striatonigral Match the connections - EXCERCISE

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