2. GENERAL CONCEPTS
MATTER: IT IS ALL AROUND US. IT CAN BE
SOLID, LIQUID OR GAS.
MASS: IT IS HOW MUCH MATTER AN
OBJECT HAS (FOR EXAMPLE, KILOGRAMS,
GRAMS, METRIC TONES, LITRES, ETC.)
VOLUME: IT IS THE QUANTITY OF SPACE
THAT AN OBJECT TAKES UP.

3. STATES OF
MATTER
Do they have a
definite shape?
Do they have a
definite volume?
SOLIDS Yes, they do. Yes, they do because
they always take up the
same space .Their
particles are closely
packed.
LIQUIDS No, they don’t, because
they adapt to the shape
of the container they
are in.
Yes, they do because
they always take up the
same space .Their
particles are packed.
GASES No, they don’t because
they adapt to the shape
of the container they
are in.
No, they don’t because
they expand to fill the
container they are in.
Their particles are not
packed.

4. CHANGES IN MATTER
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF
CHANGES:

5. PHYSICAL CHANGES
Physical changes happen when
matter changes shape and
changes state but the substance
does not change.

6. EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGES

7. WHEN WE FREEZE A SUBSTANCE
WE HAVE A PHYSICAL CHANGE

8. WHEN WE BEND A SUBSTANCE WE HAVE
A PHYSICAL CHANGE

10. WHEN WE TWIST A SUBSTANCE, WE HAVE
A PHYSICAL CHANGE

11. WHEN WE SQUASH
A SUBSTANCE, WE
HAVE A PHYSICAL
CHANGE

12. WHEN WE HEAT A SUBSTANCE,
WE HAVE A PHYSICAL CHANGE

13. WHEN WE STRETCH AN OBJECT, WE
HAVE A PHYSICAL CHANGE

14. A CHEMICAL CHANGE IS WHEN A NEW
SUBSTANCE (OR MATTER) IS PRODUCED.

15. When we burn something

17. When we expose a substance to air
we have a chemical change

18. A rusted pipe

19. When we cook something, we have
a chemical change
This is also called a mixture

20. MIXTURES
A mixture is something that contains two or
more substances.
Mixtures can be HETEROGENEOUS or
HOMOGENEOUS.

21. HETEROGENEOUS
In heterogeneous
mixtures, it is easy to
see the different
substances.

22. HOMOGENEOUS
In homogeneous
mixtures, it isn’t
possible to see the
different substances.

23. CURIOUS EXAMPLES OF MIXTURES
WATER (H2O) IS MADE UP OF ONE OXYGEN
MOLECULE AND TWO HYDROGEN
MOLECULES

24. H2O NH3
CO2 CH4

25. GRANITE IS MADE
UP OF THREE
MINERALS:
QUARTZ,
FELDESPATE AND
MICA