TEST CASE GENERATION GENERATION BLOCK BOX APPROACH
Chapter 2 [compatibility mode]
1. Lecture by: Andualem Endris (M.Sc)
andu0117@yahoo.com
Chapter Two
Madawalabu
University
College of Engineering
Construction Technology and Management Department
Procurement Management and Contract Administration
CoTM 4242
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3. • Procurement is the acquisition of goods,
works, consultancy or other services through
purchasing, hiring or obtaining by any other
contractual means.
• Tendering is a stage in the procurement
process extending from advertisement
(invitation to bid) up to signing of contract.
• Tender is an offer which incorporates the sum
of money, time and other conditions required to
carry out the contract obligations in order to
complete a project or a part of it consisting of
specified works.
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5. Stage 4: Construction – site possession &
mobilization / undertake procurement fabrication,
installation, construction / carry out contract
administration
Stage 5: Handover & Maintenance –
undertake all testing, commissioning & training /
handover project to owner /carry out necessary
maintenance / Defect rectification / etc
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6. Tendering will be started after the design completed
and project budget is approved
The process that is used to obtain offers leading to a
contract between:
client contractor
client consultant
main contractor sub-contractor
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7. A tender formally means an invitation
to trade under the terms of offer.
A contract is the term used for when
the parties have reached agreement.
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SELECTION
CRITERIA
In this process we look at the ways to
choose between different tenderers,
reviewing the specific Criteria for
tender evaluation:
•Pre-qualification
•Technical evaluation
•Financial Evaluation
•Relationship between Technical and
Financial
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Pre-
Qualification
Bidders submit Technical Proposals,
showing how they would run the contract
Bidders provide information on Financial
and technical ability
Proposals assessed using ‘technical
evaluation criteria
Bidders have to pass a ‘technical
threshold’ to be eligible for selection (e.g.
scoring at least 70 percent on technical
evaluation criteria in our country)
Technical
Qualification
Financial
Evaluation
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Pre-
Qualification
Financial proposals of only technically
acceptable bids should be opened and
evaluated.
Financial Criteria can be very simple, as
following examples:
Bidder asking for lowest tariff
Bidder asking for Lowest Fee (Least Bidder)
Bidder with best financial proposal awarded
the contract
Financial
Qualification
Technical
Evaluation
13. To select a suitable contractor at a time
appropriate to the situation of the project.
To obtain from the contractor selected at the
proper time, an acceptable tender or offer
upon which a contract can be let.
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15. Final completion of drawings, specification,
measurement / take-off process.
Choose conditions of contract.
Parties involved: architects, engineers, QS,
client
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16. Discussion and decision on type of
tender to be used.
Selection of tender:
Open
Selective
Negotiate
Parties involved: CLIENT, CONSULTANT,
and CONTRACTOR
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Short-listed
tenderers
17. Contract Document
Letter of invitation
Checklist for submission of tender
Articles of agreement
Form of tender
Specifications
Bills of quantities
Drawings
Letter of acceptance form
Schedule of day work rates
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18. Based on selection of tendering methods
Open / competitive / bid tender – produce tender
notice
Selective – short listed contractors will be invited to
tender if they wish
Negotiated – only one contractor is approached-
direct entry to project
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19. The Tender Notice is a brief
description of the job being tendered
which is to be published in
Newspapers and on the Internet.
The Internet is a very cost effective
way of publishing the tenders.
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20. a. Name of the Project.
b. Name & Address of the
Company floating the tender.
c. Name of work, materials or
services.
d. Place of work location.
e. Approximate estimated cost
of work.
f. Earnest Money.
g. Period of completion.
h. Date on which the Tender
Document sale commences.
i. Date and time up to which
tender documents can be
obtained.
j. The cost of tender
documents.
k. The date and time up to
which the tenders to be
submitted and are to be
opened.
l. Specification.
m. Eligibility Criterion.
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21. Receive tender submitted by contractor
Tender assessment / evaluation
Completed tenders are received
Arithmetical check
Reasonable tender sum
Reasonable completion time
Capabilities of renderers' under considerations
Tender recommendation / report – tender board
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22. Pre-award meeting with contractors – validation of
lowest complying bid
Validate lowest bid - Pre-contract meeting with
contractor for contract signing
Approval by tender board / treasury
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Stage 2:
Determine
basis of
tender
Stage 1:
Decision to
tender
Stage 3:
Preparation of
cost estimates
Stage 4:
Commercial
appreciation
Stage 5:
Conversion of
estimate to
tender
Stage 6:
Submission
of tender
25. Receipt of tender documents
Pre-tender data sheet
Decision to tender
Consider implications of:
Bonds
Warranties
Parent company
Guarantees
Funding
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26. Abstract materials and subcontractors
Sent out enquiries
Consider construction methods / prepare method
statement
Design temporary works / consider alternatives
Prepare outline program
Check major quantities
Identify restrictions
Visit site and compile site report
Campaigning meeting (designating areas
responsibilities)
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27. Calculate current rates using:
Materials
Equipments and
Labour costs
Analyze and check subcontractors’ quotations
Price prelims / general items (in association with
members of the team
Prepare summary sheets
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28. Tender committee meeting part 1:
Review:
Method
Program
Technical and commercial risks
Cash flow and finance
Use of own plant
Competition
Commercial opportunities
Economic climate
Check prelims against historical cost data
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29. Tender committee meeting – part 2:
Calculate ‘spread’ and add to estimate
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30. Submit in format required (Bid
submission format)
Organize delivery.
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