Research Variables types and identification

2. ANEEZ. K
IST YEAR MSC. NURSING
EMS CON
VARIABLES;
TYPES AND
IDENTIFICATION

3. DEFINITION OF RESEARCH
Research comprises defining and redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting,
organising and evaluating data; making deductions and
reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the
conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating
hypothesis. Clifford Woody

4. DEFINITION CONT.…
Research is defined as a systematic and objective
analysis and recording of controlled observation that may
lead to the development of generalisation of principles,
theories, resulting in prediction and possible ultimate
control of events.
J.W. Best

5. DEFINITION CONT.…
Research in its broadest sense is an attempt to gain
solution to problem; more precisely it is a collection of data in
a rigorously controlled situation for the purpose of prediction
or explanations.
- Treece and Treece

6. DEFINITION OF NURSING RESEARCH
Nursing research is a scientific process that validate
and refines exciting knowledge and generate new knowledge
that directly and indirectly influences clinical nursing
practice. Burns and
Grove, 2005

7. A systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge
about issues of importance to the nursing profession,
including nursing practice, education and administration
and informatics.
Polit & Beck, 2005
Nursing research is a way to identify new knowledge,
improve professional education and practices and use
resources effectively.
International Council of Nurses, 1986

8. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative research is based on the
measurement of quantity or amount. It is applicable
to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of
quantity.

9. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• Experimental Research
• Non-Experimental Research

10. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
In this researchers actively introduce an intervention or
treatment. The researcher play an active role by introducing
the intervention. Researchers are active agents & not
passive observers.

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• Manipulation
• Control
• Randomization

12. NON EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
In Non experimental research researchers are
observers- they collect data without intervening.

13. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth
understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that
govern such behaviour. The qualitative method investigates
the why and how of decision making, not just what, where,
when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often
used than large samples.

14. CONCEPTS IN RESEARCH

15. CONCEPTS IN RESEARCH
CONCEPT QUANTITATIVE TERM QUALITATIVE
TERM
Person contributing
Information
Subject
Study Participants
Study participant
Informant
Key informant
Person Undertaking
the Study
Researcher
Investigator
Researcher
Investigator
That which is being
investigated
Concepts
Constructs
Variables
Phenomena
Concepts

16. CONCEPTS CONT…
CONCEPT QUANTITATIVE TERM QUALITATIVE TERM
System of
Organizing
Concepts
Theory, Theoretical
Framework, Conceptual
frame work, Conceptual
Model
Theory,
Conceptual frame
work
Information
Gathered
Data in Numerical Form Data in Narrative
Descriptions
Connections
Between Concepts
Cause-Effect
Relationships
Patterns of
Association
Logical Reasoning
Processes
Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning

17. BUILDING BLOCKS OF RESEARCH
1.Phenomena, Concepts and Constructs
2.Theories and Conceptual Model
3.Data
4.Relationships
5.Variables
6.Operational and Conceptual Definition

18. VARIABLES
Variables are the levels of abstraction that are
measured manipulated or controlled in a study.
- Nancy Burns and Susan K Grove

19. CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES
• Based on the Forms of Presentations
• Based on the Causal Relationships
• Based on the Design of the Study

20. OTHER CLASSIFICATION
• Research Variables
• Demographic Variables
• Heterogeneous and Homogenous Variables

21. IDENTIFICATION OF VARIABLES
• Operational Definition
• Conceptual Definition

22. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A study to evaluate the effect of ear plugs and
eye masks on quantity of sleep among clients
admitted in CCU in EMS Hospital, Perinthalmanna

23. BIBLIGRAPHY
• Nirmala. V.J, Silvia Edison, Suni M.S. “Research
methodology in Nursing”. Jaypee publication (2011). Page
no.50-52
• Denise F. Polit, Cheryl Tatano Beck, “Nursing research
generating and assessing evidence for practice”. 11th edition
(2011), Wolter Kluwer publication. Page no. 50-58
• Nancy Burns and Susan K Gruve. “Understanding nursing
research, building an evidenced based practice”. 4th edition
(2008). Elsevier publications. Page no.125-130

24. • Nancy Burns and Susan K Gruve. “The practice of nursing
research appraising synthesis and generation of evidences”.
6th edition (2005). Elsevier publication. Page no. 179-179
• C.R. Kothari. “Research methodology. Methods and
techniques”. Second revised edition. New age international
publication. Page no. 34,318
• The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English,
Oxford publications, Page no. 1069
• L.V. Redman and A.V.H. Mory. “The Romance of
Research”.10. Page no. 10