1) The students conducted a time study experiment to assemble toy ships. They analyzed each step of the assembly process and recorded the motions, times, and therbligs using a data sheet. 2) By computing the time taken and number of motions, they determined that an ideal worker could assemble 6,076 units in an 8 hour workday. 3) The study found that the two hands did not always begin and complete motions simultaneously. Holding parts idle was an ineffective motion that could be improved.

1. By group 5
Angelica Agacita
Fruilene Isabel Panes
Lanmark Mabasa
Ian Nilo Andales

2. At the end of the activity the students are expected
to:
 Apply the concept of hand and motion economy as
well as the use of therbligs in the study
 Analyze every step in the ship assembly process
 Make an effective data sheet
 Make use of stopwatch time study

3. Toy ships
stopwatch

4.  Make a data sheet containing left and right hand
chart, therbligs, and time of assembly including the
descriptions of every motion of the worker.
 Prepare the parts of toy ship to be assembled.
 Assign a worker to perform the experiment (the
toy assembly).

5.  While the worker performs, do the time study and
record the motions of the worker.
 Fill the data sheet with the information gathered.
 Compute the units that a worker can finish on a
day(8hrs).
 Publish the results.

6.  In using the left-right hand chart, it is very important to
take note every motion involve and take considerations
that these are operations. But there are some activities
that are not taken to account into the chart because these
types of operations might not be done by the same
operator(Aft, 2000).

7.  There are different definitions of left-hand/right hand chart given by
varieties of authors in Methods Engineering. This chart is one on
which the motions made by one hand in relation to those made by
the other hand are recorded using standard process chart symbols
(Aft, 2000).
 Left-hand/right-hand chart is for one operator only, treating each
hand as an activity; each hand’s activity is broken into elements and
is plotted to the column adjacent to the other hand (Meyers, 2002).
The principal purpose of the chart is to assist in finding a better way
of performing the task (Barnes).

8.  Throughout the operations taken, the charts or set of data taken can
be used to improve productivity. There are factors or classification
as well, to be considered in the process of improving the
productivity of the worker. These are the use of the human body,
workplace arrangement and the design of tools and equipment.
The human body deals with the effectively use of the physical
attributes when it is required in a production situation. The second
factor deals with the most effective layout of the working area.
Lastly, the third classification deals with the appropriate design of
equipment for the ease of operation by the operator.

9.  An ideal worker in the workstation must be productive as to
keeping a sufficient amount of work. There must not be an
idle time at all and everything has to be balance, the starting
and stopping times of the hands (based from Principle 2 of
motion economy principles). The motion of the hands has to
be fast and follows smoothly to the rhythm of the prescribed
method. The more identifiable the rhythm is, the easier the job
would be in harnessing the feeling and make the job more
productive.

10.  Stopwatch time study was the first technique used to set
engineering time standards. However, Meyers (2002)
stressed that stopwatch time study may not be the best
technique for setting a particular time standards, but it may
be the “agreed-on method” to be used.

11.  In measuring the time standard, you must take the step-
by-step procedure.
1. select the job to study
2. Collect information about the job
3. Divide the job into elements
4. Do the actual time study
5. Extend the time study
6. Determine the number of cycles to be timed
7. Rate, level and normalize the operator’s performance
8. Apply allowances
9. Check for logic
10. Publish the time standard

12.  One important attributes that a time study
technician must have is the positive attitude
towards using stopwatch, making allowances,
rating the performance, communicating to the
operator and setting the time standards.

13. element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Insert
top
base to
2nd
base
2.00 2.05 1.72 1.66 1.72 1.86 1.61 1.67 1.60 1.64
Insert
top-2nd
base to
the 1st
base
2.10 2.59 1.92 1.99 1.90 2.02 2.04 1.83 2.58 1.33
*the time is in sec

14. SKILL (B1) 0.11
EFFORT (C1) 0.05
CONDITION (C) 0.02
CONSISTENCY (C) 0.01
TOTAL 0.19 or 19 %
100 % + 19 % = 119 %

15. FATIGUE 480 seconds or 8 mins
PERSONAL 480 seconds or 8 mins
DELAY 480 seconds or 8 mins
ALLOWANCES IN % = (24 min / 480) x 100 % = 5 %

16. TOTAL NORMAL TIME = 2.09 + 2. 42 = 4.5 seconds

18. Total Mean (X)
Range
(R)
R/X
Normal
Time
Total
Normal
Time
Standard
Time
Output
Per Day
17.53 1.753 .45 .28 2.09
4.5 4.74
6076
Units
20.30 2.03 .76 .37 2.42

20. Simo chart
LEFT THERBLIGS THERBLIGS RIGHT
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
reach for the second base TE TE reach for the top base
grasp the second base G G grasp the top base
carry the second base TL TL carry the top base
assemble the 2nd base to the top base A A assemble the top base second base
reach for the first base TE
H
hold the assembled parts
grasp the first base G
carry the first base TL
assemble the first base to the assembled parts A A assemble the parts

21. reach for the second base TE TL Carry the toy to the bin
grasp the second base G RL Drop the toy ship
carry the second base TL TE Reach for the base
hold the 2nd base H
G Grasp the top base
TL Carry the top base
Assemble the second base to the top base A A
assemble the top base to the second
base
Reach for the first base TE
H Hold the assembled parts
Grasp the first base G
Carry the first base TL
Assemble the first base to the assembled parts A A Assemble the parts

22. reach for the second base TE TL Carry the toy to the bin
grasp the second base G RL Drop the toy ship
carry the second base TL TE Reach for the base
hold the second base H
G Grasp the top base
TL Carry the top base
Assemble the second base to the top base A A
assemble the top base to the second
base
Reach for the first base TE
H Hold the assembled parts
Grasp the first base G
Carry the first base TL
Assemble the first base to the assembled parts A A Assemble the parts

23. Therbligs Left Hand Right Hand
TE 6 3
G 6 3
TL 6 5
A 6 6
H 2 3

24. PRINCIPLE 3: motion of the arms should be made in
opposite and symmetrical directions and should be
made simultaneously.,
 The two hands were able to complete the task and
its use were made effectively. It can be seen from
the simo chart that the hands were functioning
and the task were divided.

25. PRINCIPLE 8: work should be arranged to permit easy and
natural rhythm wherever possible.
PRINCIPLE 9: eye fixations should be as few and as close
together as possible.
 The arrangement of the parts were made according to the
distribution of the task for the hands. The parts were
located in away that the operator can reach without
stretching or causing so much effort. With these the eye
fixations are few. Considering that there are only three
parts to be assembled and is easy to manage.

26. Principle 13:Drop deliveries should be used
whenever possible.
The bin was provided for the finished
products in order to separate it from the
other parts. One advantage of the drop
delivery is to protect the finished product
from damage.

27. Principle 16: The height of the workplace and the chair
should preferably be arranged so that the alternate
sitting and standing are easily possible.
 The chair and the working table were provided in
a way that the worker is comfortable to use it. The
height does not permit the operator to work in a
restricted motions.

28. Principle 18: the hands should not be relieved of all works
that can be done advantageously by a jig, a fixture or a
foot-operated device.
 The hand did most of the tasks and there were no
available machineries or fixtures or even a jig that
could help the operator. In a demanding point of
work, the worker will accumulate psychological and
physical stress

29. Principle 1: Two hands should begin as well as complete their motions
at the same time.
 The two hand were able to begin at the same time but were not
able to complete the motions significantly.
Principle 2: two hands should not be idle at the same time except
during rest periods.
 It can be seen from the simo chart that there was long holding of
the parts. Although, the hands were not idle but hold is an
ineffective therblig that needs to be eliminated.

30.  Time study is now being used by the companies to
establish a time standard. By this, the company will know
the number of units that can be produced by a worker in a
certain period of time. Also, it is used to identify the
ineffective time that must be eliminated during
production. The time study is used to improve the
methods or procedures adopted in performance of various
jobs. This is very important for the company to improve
their production and increase their profit.

31.  It is also an important reminder that spending
significant amounts of physical energy unnecessarily
is not a productive way of working. Rhythm must be
followed where there is a moderate flow of the
worker’s performance because a slowing pace and
speeding up makes the operator less productive. It is
believed that the simpler motions are, the simpler the
job will be performed and it will follow that the jobs
will be more productive.