Kerone.com - In a radio frequency heating system the RF generator creates an alternating electric field between two electrodes. The material to be heated is conveyed between the electrodes

1. BYKERONE(ISO9001:2008CERTIFIED
COMPANY)
Welcome to the
“KERONE”
ESTABLISHED IN 1976

2. RADIO FREQUENCY HEATING
In a radio frequency heating system the RF generator creates an
alternating electric field between two electrodes. The material to be
heated is conveyed between the electrodes , where an alternating
energy field causes polar molecules in the material to continuously
reorient them to face opposite electrodes much like the way bar
magnets move to face opposite poles in an alternating magnetic field.
Friction resulting from this molecular movement causes the material to
rapidly heat throughout its entire mass.
The illustration below depicts a radio frequency drying system with
material between the electrodes. Polar molecules within the material
are represented by the spheres with plus (+) and minus (-) signs
connected by bars.
The amount of heat generated in the product is determined by the
frequency, the square of the applied voltage, dimensions of the
material and its the dielectric loss factor which are essentially measures
of the ease with which the material can be heated by radio frequency
waves.
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4. DIAGRAM OF RF EQUIPMENT SCHEMATIC
A basic schematic of a Radio Frequency dryer is shown below. The dryer receives standard
power (i.e. 480V, 60 Hz) through the Switchgear. In the Power Supply section, line voltage is
stepped up to high voltage AC through a transformer and then changed to high voltage DC
through rectifiers. In the Oscillator section, high voltage DC is changed to high frequency, high
voltage RF energy and transmitted to the applicator or electrodes where it is applied to the
work. All of this is controlled by a modern control system.
An RF Dryer works very much like a microwave oven which creates high frequency
vibration of water molecules which thereby selectively heats materials containing water while
other materials heat very little.

5. The key to effective application of RF energy for drying is the right
applicator, or electrode design. Traditionally, heating was accomplished
by creating a uniform electric field between two parallel plates. This
approach is capable of heating thicker materials uniformly because a
high voltage gradient can be established in the material. However, it
does not work well for thin materials such as webs. In order to establish
a high voltage gradient in a thin web material, the plates must be very
close together which can cause arcing between the plates.
For thin materials, the KERONE electrode design was developed. This
design creates an electric field between alternating parallel rods that
gives a higher voltage gradient in the web for faster heating. A variation
on this electrode design for thicker webs is the staggered KERONE
design. This allows for more uniform heating of thicker webs. This has
also been used for thin beds of ceramic powders. As a general rule,
materials under 1/4” thick use the KERONE design, materials 1/4 ” - 1/2”
use the staggered KERONE design, and materials over 1/2” use the
parallel plate design. In all of these electrode designs, the material can
be either self-supporting or can be transported on a conveyor.

6. Materials have a major effect on the success of RF heating. Some materials heat very
well and some do not heat well at all. The key measure of “heatability” is the loss
factor of the material. The loss factor is a material property that determines how
well the material absorbs the RF energy. If the material has a high loss factor, it
absorbs energy quickly and thus heats quickly. If a material has a low loss factor, it
absorbs energy slowly and thus heats slowly. In general, polymers tend to have low
loss factors and thus do not heat well. Water, on the other hand, has a high loss
factor so it heats rapidly. This is why RF lends itself to drying so well, it heats the
water quickly but does not heat most base materials.
It is important to remember every material reacts differently and loss factors (the
ability to absorb RF energy) can change with frequency and temperature. A material
that does not absorb RF energy at room temperature might absorb the energy at
higher temperatures. This is especially important in a composite product with a high
loss factor material (RF heats rapidly) and low loss factor material (RF heats slowly).
As the high loss factor material is heated by the RF energy, it will heat up the low loss
factor material through normal conduction. If this heat raises the temperature of the
low loss factor material to where it now absorbs RF energy, both products are heated
and could be overheated. In rare cases, this can lead to a runaway situation where as
the temperature increases, it absorbs more energy, which increases the temperature,
which increases the energy absorbed, and it continues until the material overheats.

7. In most cases, the product can be heated faster than the solvent
can be removed so the heating rate must be scaled back to get the
right balance of heat transfer and mass transfer. If the heat
transfer rate is too high, steam will be generated which can
damage the product.
The complexity of the interaction between materials and the RF
field is why it is critical to consult with an expert in RF drying and
conduct trials on your product.

8. APPLICATIONS
• Conventional mode of Drying Textiles after they have been dyed is a slow
process. Textile industries can increase Throughput and fill orders more
prominently using Radio Frequency (RF) Dryers. RF system has capability to
accelerate the drying process and shorten production time. RF drying offers
High Volume, High speed and High quality drying which is what exactly
needed in textile industries. As wet garments of Acrylic, Cotton, Nylon and
Polyester Blends pass through the drying chamber , the radio waves vibrates
the contained Water molecules million times per second, vaporizing them.
Ventilator Fans are used to remove damp air from the Drying Chamber.
The dryer system comprises the 125kW industrial high frequency generator
in conjunction with a drying chamber incorporating an electrode applicator
and air extraction system. The equipment is suitable for drying most types of
Fabric which have had prior mechanical moisture extraction in either, cone,
muff, bump or loose stock form. Many types of fibcriccan be dried. The
machine incorporates a modular polypropylene conveyor band and conveyor
system.

9. • Conventional mode of Drying Textiles after they have been dyed is a slow
process. Textile industries can increase Throughput and fill orders more
prominently using Radio Frequency (RF) Dryers. RF system has capability to
accelerate the drying process and shorten production time. RF drying offers High
Volume, High speed and High quality drying which is what exactly needed in
textile industries. As wet garments of Acrylic, Cotton, Nylon and Polyester Blends
pass through the drying chamber , the radio waves vibrates the contained Water
molecules million times per second, vaporizing them. Ventilator Fans are used to
remove damp air from the Drying Chamber.
• The dryer system comprises the 125kW industrial high frequency generator in
conjunction with a drying chamber incorporating an electrode applicator and air
extraction system. The equipment is suitable for drying most types of fibres
which have had prior mechanical moisture extraction in either, cone, muff, bump
or loose stock form. Many types of fibre can be dried. The machine incorporates
a modular polypropylene conveyor band and conveyor system.
• Because of the RF waves concentrate in the wettest, densest portion of the
garments. RF drying has a leveling effect that practically eliminates any
problems of uneven shrinkage and over drying. The RF drying times depend on
the type of fabric, the percentage of moisture in the fabric going in to the dryer,
and the degree of dryness desired.
ONLINE RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) DRYER

10. ADVANTAGES:
The major advantage is that it gives thorough,
consistent drying in less time and also occupies less
space. In addition to these following advantages are
prominent:
•Faster Drying
•Faster Production
•Increased Labor Production
•Less work in progress
•Energy Saving
•Less Down Time
•Lower Maintenance
•Space savings
FEATURES:
Energy applied by radio waves at a frequency of 40.68 MHz.
Volumetric heating keeps the temperature low and uniform throughout the web to
prevent overheating.
BARRIERS TO MARKET ACCEPTANCE
price
risk of failure
benefits not understood
priorities not on benefits of new technology
lack of technology awareness

11. TEXTILES INDUSTIRIES
1.ONLINE TEXTILE RF DRYERS
• Conventional mode of Drying Textiles after they have been dyed is a slow process. Textile
industries can increase Throughput and fill orders more prominently using Radio Frequency
(RF) Dryers. RF system has capability to accelerate the drying process and shorten production
time. RF drying offers High Volume, High speed and High quality drying which is what exactly
needed in textile industries. As wet garments of Acrylic, Cotton, Nylon and Polyester Blends
pass through the drying chamber , the radio waves vibrates the contained Water molecules
million times per second, vaporizing them. Ventilator Fans are used to remove damp air from
the Drying Chamber.
• The dryer system comprises the 125kW industrial high frequency generator in conjunction
with a drying chamber incorporating an electrode applicator and air extraction system. The
equipment is suitable for drying most types of fibres which have had prior mechanical
moisture extraction in either, cone, muff, bump or loose stock form. Many types of fibre can
be dried. The machine incorporates a modular polypropylene conveyor band and conveyor
system.

12. 2.DRYER FOR NONWOVEN WEBS
The RF Web Dryer rapidly removes moisture from the web at low temperatures and prevents the
migration of coating solids caused by conventional drying which increases web strength and
product quality.
This dryer eliminates the need for accumulation rollers required by festooned convection
and infrared type dryers and saves floor space by generally requiring one-fifth of the floor space
needed for hot-air and IR dryers as well as lowering maintenance costs.
Features:
• Volumetric heating keeps tEnergy applied by radio waves at a frequency of 40.68 MHz.
• he temperature low and uniform throughout the web to prevent overheating.

13. FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
1.POST-BAKING DRYER
The combination of conventional oven heating with RF heating in the final stage of the drying process is an extremely
efficient way to produce many types of baked products, and it's easy to do. Radio frequency post-baking dryers are generally
supplied as stand-alone turnkey systems, which can be ordered for retrofit to an existing or new oven line.
RF post-baking dryers automatically adjust power to respond to varying moisture loads resulting from oven burner
failures, minor dough moisture and sheet thickness variations. A pre-adjustment assures that the product is still
produced within moisture specifications despite varying incoming moisture levels
Benefits
Increased Throughput:
Up to 30% increase for crackers and often up to 40% for
cookies.
Elimination of Checking:
By greatly reducing the moisture variation throughout the
thickness of the product, checking caused by differential
shrinkage is eliminated.
Excellent Control of Final Moisture Content:
Final moisture is controlled to approximately +/-0.25%.
Independent Color Control:
Since moisture is controlled in the RF dryer, color development
in the oven can be done without concern for final moisture
content

14. ADVANCED BOOKBINDER DRYER
In-Line Radio Frequency Drying System for Sewn and Perfect-Bound Books Using Water-based
Adhesives
Features:
1.Compact one-piece design saves floor space.
2.High performance electrode arrays resist belt abrasion.
3.Automatic mechanical belt tracking.
4.Adjustable for books .5" (13mm) to 3.15" (80mm) thick.
5.Opposite-hand dryer configuration is available for dual installations handled by one operator.
6.Does not radiate heat or affect the working environment.
Custom-design automated glue drying systems are also available for new and existing installations.
1.Fast and easy belt replacement.
2.Four-zone drying applicator for precise control of glue temperature
Benefits:
•Use water-based glue at high production speeds.
•Bind continuously in-line without handling and stacking before
trimming.
•Binder-to-trimmer time is reduced. Eliminates trimmer blade
fouling.
•Glued area of the book is selectively heated and dried, while dry
areas receive little or no heating. Minimum cooling is required.
•Glue charring, blistering and skinning-over is eliminated.
•Requires a fraction of the floor space of conventional dryers.
•Efficient use of energy. RF power is instant-on-off.
•Improved book quality, flexibility and recyclability.

15. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
1.VERTICAL RADIO FREQUENCY WEB DRYERS FOR ON-PRESS DRYING OF WATER BASED COATINGS, ADHESIVES AND INKS
Benefits:
•Wet areas on the web are selectively heated and dried, while
dry areas absorb little or no energy.
•Aqueous materials can be dried in the shortest line length to
production speed of any drying method known.
•Instant-on R.F. power eliminates start-up delays.
•Requires a fraction of the floor space of conventional dryers.
•Highest productivity is achieved with aqueous materials.
Solvent emission and disposal problems are eliminated.
•Energy saving. The electrical power consumed by the dryer
automatically adjusts to the amount of water present on the
web.
Features:
•Convenient access doors facilitate web threading.
•Waste heat from the RF generator is channeled through the applicator to scavenge moisture
released by dryer.
•Solid State controller provides soft-start and maintains power at preselected level.
•Optional auto-threading system is available to minimize make-ready time.

16. BULK SOLIDS
This drying system uniformly heats filter cake material throughout the thickness of the product depth and rapidly
removes the water without overheating, at a fraction of the time and expense associated with conventional dryers.
BENEFITS:
1.PRECISE MOISTURE CONTROL:
Selectively heats products where the moisture content is the highest. The product output will be uniform in moisture content
throughout, regardless of the non-uniformity going in.
2.INCREASES PRODUCTION THROUGHPUT:
Product throughput on many applications can be increased 50% to 100%.
3.MINIMIZE DRYING TIMES:
Rapid volumetric heating eliminates the long dwell time required by conventional heating and is a suitable replacement for
tumble-, spray-, tray-, spin flash-, and belt/tunnel dryers.
4.OTHER BENEFITS:
Energy savings and floor space savings. Typically requires one-fifth the floor space of conventional drying systems.