This document provides an overview of periodontal instruments, classifying and describing their various uses. It discusses probes, explorers, scalers such as sickle scalers and curettes like Gracey curettes. It covers their designs, parts, and applications for tasks like measuring pockets, locating deposits, and removing calculus and cementum. The document also mentions surgical instruments and those for cleaning and polishing teeth. In summary, it categorizes and explains the purposes of the different instruments used in non-surgical and surgical periodontal procedures.

1. PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTS
Dr Anirudh S Chauhan
PG 1st Year
Department of Periodontics

2. The Periodontal Instrumentarium

3. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTS
– Periodontal Probes
– Explorers
– Scaling and Curettage Instruments
– Cleansing and Polishing Instruments
• SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
– Excisional and Incisional Instruments
– Surgical Curettes and Sickles
– Periosteal Elevators
– Surgical Chisels and Hoes
– Surgical Files
– Scissors and Nippers
– Hemostats and tissue forceps

4. INTRODUCTION
• Periodontal instruments are designed for
specific purposes, such as removing calculus,
planing root surfaces,curetting the gingiva, or
removing diseased tissue.
• "Stainless steel is used most commonly in
instrument manufacture.
• High-carbon steel instruments are also
available and are considered by some
clinicians to be superior.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL
INSTRUMENTS
1. Periodontal probes – used to locate, measure,
and mark pockets.
2. Explorers - used to locate calculus deposits and
caries.
3. Scaling, root planing, and curettage instruments
used for removal of plaque and calcified
deposits from crown & root of a tooth, removal
of altered cementum from the subgingival root
surface, and debridement of the soft tissue
lining the pocket.

6. Scaling and curettage instruments are classified
as follows:
– Sickle scalers
– Curettes
– Hoe, chisel, and file scalers
– Ultrasonic and sonic instruments
4. The periodontal endoscope- used to visualize
deep sub gingival pockets and furcations
enabling the detection of deposits.
5. Cleansing and polishing instruments - such as
rubber cups, brushes, and dental tape are
used to clean and polish tooth surfaces

7. The periodontal probe is composed of the handle, shank, and calibrated working end.
PARTS OF PERIODONTAL
INSTRUMENTS

8. • Periodontal Probes
• Periodontal probes used to measure the
depth of pockets and to determine their
configuration.
• Typical probe is tapered, rodlike instrument
calibrated in millimeters, with a blunt,
rounded tip.

9. Types of periodontal probes.
A. The Marquis color-coded probe. Calibrations are in 3-
mm sections.
B. The University of Michigan "O" probe, with Williams
markings (at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 mm).
C. The Michigan "O" probe with markings at 3, 6, and 8
mm.
Marquis
Michigan “O” probe,
with Williams markings Michigan “O”

10. 1. CPITN /WHO probe
2. CP 12 : 3,6,9,12
3. GC American : 3,6,9,12
4. UNC 15 : millimeter
marking
D. The UNC-15 probe, a 15-mm-long probe with millimeter markings at
each millimeter and color coding at the 5th, 10th, and 15th mm.
E. The WHO probe, which has a 0.5 mm ball at the tip and millimeter
markings at 3.5, 8.5, and 11.5 millimeters and color coding from 3.5 to
5.5 mm.

11. Furcation areas can best be evaluated with the
curved, blunt Nabers probe .
1. EX 3 CH(Hu friedy): fine & pointed ,paired left right,
Curved/bent, for checking surfaces and narrow grooves.
2.PC-NT 15 : Right Angle probe ,millimeter markings with
color coding each 5 mm ( 5,10,15).
3.PQ2N/ Nebors Probe :color coded furcation probe,
markings at 3,6,9,12 mm.

12. PLASTIC PROBES
• Sterlizable probes for pocket depth
measurement around dental
implants.
1.Deppeler:3,6,9,12
2. Hu friedy:3,6,9,12
3.Hawe: 3,5,7,10
4.Hawe “ClickProbe”:3,5,7,10
• Peep Probe(Esro)- with markings at
3,6,9,12mm.
– When a force of ca.0.20 N is applied ,
this probe provides an acoustic signal.
1 2 3 4

13. FLORIDA PROBE SYSTEM
The Titanium tip (0.45mm) of this electronic probe
measures pockets around teeth and implants with a
normalized force of 0.25 N and with a precision of 0.2
mm.
•Disc Probe
•Stent Probe
•PD Probe

14. Explorers
• Explorers are used to locate subgingival
deposits and carious areas and to check the
smoothness of the root surfaces after root
planing.
• Explorers are designed with different shapes
and angles for a variety of uses.
• The periodontal probe can also be useful in
the detection of subgingival deposits.

15. Five typical explorers.
A, #17;
B, #23;
C, EXD 11-12;
D, #3;
E, #3CH Pigtail
A, The limitations of the pigtail explorer
in a deep pocket.
B, Insertion of the #3 explorer.
C, Limitations of the #3 explorer.
D, Insertion of the probe.

16. SCALERS
• Sickle Scalers have a flat surface and two cutting
edges that converge in a sharply pointed tip.
• The shape of the instrument makes the tip strong
so that it will not break off during use .
• The sickle is used primarily to remove
supragingival calculus ,because of the design of
this instrument, it is difficult to insert a large
sickle blade under the gingiva without damaging
the surrounding gingival tissues.

17. Three different sizes of 204 sickle scalers.
• The curved 204 sickles are available with
large, medium, or small blades.
• Small, curved sickle scaler blades such as
204SD can be inserted under ledges of
calculus a few mm below the gingiva.
• Sickle scalers are used with a pull stroke.

18. • The Nevi 2 posterior sickle scaler is a new
design that is thin enough to be inserted
several mm subgingivally for removal of
moderate ledges of calculus.
• Sickles with straight shanks are designed for
use on anterior teeth and premolars.
• Sickle scalers with contra-angled shanks adapt
to posterior teeth.
Both ends of a NEVI 2 posterior sickle scaler

19. Both ends of a U 15/30 scaler
•The U15/30 , Ball, and Indiana University sickles are
large.
•The Jaquette sickles #1, 2, and 3 have medium size
blades.

20. CURRETTES

21. Types of Curettes
• A curette is a type of scaler that is designed for
moderate calculus removal on supragingival and
subgingival surfaces.
• Types of Curettes:
– Universal
– Area Specific (Gracey)
• All curettes share the same common elements:
– Rounded back
– Rounded toe
– Semi-circular cross section
Hufriedy catalogue

22. Curettes
Universal Curettes

23. Universal Curettes
• Universal curettes are designed for easy
adaptation on all tooth surfaces (thus the
name “universal”).

24. Universal Curettes
The blade of a universal curette has a round toe and
back, and two cutting edges for scaling, making it an
efficient design for scaling the entire mouth.
Toe
Face
Cutting
Edge
Lateral
Side
Back
90°

25. Anterior Universal
• To scale the facial surfaces, place the toe of the
blade toward the proximal surface with the
handle parallel to the tooth.
• Apply strokes to remove deposits from the
midline of the tooth to the proximal surface.
• Work from canine to canine.
• Switch working ends and repeat for surfaces
away from you.
• Repeat all of the above for the lingual surfaces.
SBH5/67

26. Posterior Universal
• Begin at the distal line angle of the most posterior tooth.
• Direct the toe of the blade toward the distal with the
terminal shank angled slightly toward the tooth.
• Apply strokes from the line angle to the contact area.
• Next, turn the toe toward the mesial to scale the buccal
and mesial surfaces.
• Continue this sequence to complete the posterior region.
• Switch ends and repeat from the lingual aspect.
Hufriedy catalogue

27. Curettes
Area Specific (Gracey)
Curettes

28. Gracey Curettes
• In the early 1940’s, Dr. Clayton Gracey and Hu-
Friedy introduced a set of instruments designed to
be used on specific tooth surfaces that improve
adaptation and deposit removal.
• The Gracey “area specific” designs have laid the
groundwork for the new instruments of today.
• Today, the Gracey Curette family of instruments
give clinicians many options for their treatment
needs.
Hufriedy catalogue

29. Gracey Curettes
• The Gracey blade design is offset from
the terminal shank at 70°.
• This creates one cutting edge which is
referred to as the lower edge.
Back
Face
Toe
Cutting
Edge
Lateral
Side
°

30. Gracey Curettes
The shank design is different for
each Gracey pattern.

31. •Gracey #1-2 : Anterior teeth – Facial root surfcaces
•Gracey # 3-4: Anterior teeth – Palatal and lingual surfaces
Color Atlas of Periodontics-Rateitschak

32. Gracey #5-6 : Anterior teeth and premolars

33. Gracey #7-8 and 9-10: Posterior teeth: facial and lingual

34. Gracey #11-12: Posterior teeth: mesial

35. Color Atlas of Periodontics-Rateitschak
Gracey #13-14: Posterior teeth: distal

36. Gracey Curettes
Gracey Curettes are available in:
• Standard
• Rigid
• After Five
• Mini Five

37. Standard Gracey Curettes
• Gracey Curettes are area specific
to allow for deep scaling, root
planing and periodontal
debridement.
• The offset blade provides a perfect
working angulation for the tooth
surface.
• Gracey Curettes are used in a set
to completely scale the dentition.

38. Shank Design and
Diameter
Blade
Length
Blade
Width
Available Patterns
& Areas of Use
(Chart on next slide)
Standard
(Finishing)
SG#/#
Standard Standard Standard 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8,
9/10, 11/12, 15/16,
13/14, 17/18*
Rigid
SGR#/#R
Standard design,
increased shank
diameter
Standard Standard 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8,
9/10, 11/12, 15/16,
13/14, 17/18*
After Five
SRPG#/#
Longer terminal
shank, standard
diameter
Standard Decreased
by 10%
1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8,
11/12, 15/16, 13/14
Rigid
After Five
SRPG#/#R
Longer terminal
shank, increased
diameter
Standard Decreased
by 10%
1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8,
11/12, 15/16, 13/14
Mini Five
SAS#/#
Longer terminal
shank, standard
diameter
Decreased
by 50%
Decreased
by 10%
1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8,
11/12, 15/16, 13/14
Rigid
Mini Five
SAS#/#R
Longer terminal
shank, increased
diameter
Decreased
by 50%
Decreased
by 10%
1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8,
11/12, 15/16, 13/14
Gracey Design Comparisons
* The 17/18 is a unique pattern, having a longer terminal shank and slightly shorter blade, so no AF or MF are available.

39. Rigid Gracey Curettes
• All Gracey designs are
available with a wider
taper – rigid shank.
• The rigid shank may be
preferred for heavier
calculus removal.
• Although the shank is
wider, the blade width is
the same as the standard
Gracey.
Standard Rigid
Hufriedy catalogue

40. After Five®
Gracey Curettes
• Designed for
instrumentation in deeper
periodontal pockets.
• The terminal shank is
elongated 3mm to
provide better clearance
around crowns, and
superior access to root
contours and pockets
5mm or more in depth.
• Blade thinned by 10% to
ease gingival insertion
and reduce tissue
distention.
3mm

41. Gracey After Five Curettes
The change in the location of the shank bend
permits deeper insertion into periodontal pockets.
The thinned blade allows for easier insertion.
SRPG11/12

42. Mini Five®
Curettes
• Designed with the same elongated terminal shank and
thinned blades as the After Five Gracey Curettes.
• 50% shorter blade for access to smaller roots, narrow
pockets, furcations, and developmental grooves.
StandardAfter FiveMini Five
3mm

43. Gracey Mini Five Curettes
Mini Five reaching into a deep
pocket on a narrow root.
SAS1/2
Hufriedy catalogue

44. Schwartz Periotrievers
• The Schwartz Periotrievers are a set of two
double-ended, highly magnetized instruments
designed for the retrieval of broken
instrument tips from the periodontal pocket.
• They are indispensable when the clinician has
broken a curette tip in a furcation or deep
pocket.

45. The long blade is for general use in
pockets, and the contra-angled tip
is for use in furcations
Carranza 11th Edition

46. Plastic and Titanium Instruments for
Implants.
• Several different companies
are manufacturing plastic
and titanium instruments for
use on titanium and other
implant abutment materials.
• It is important that plastic or
titanium instruments be used
to avoid scarring and
permanent damage to the
implants

47. Plastic probe: Colorvue
(Hu-Friedy, Chicago).
Implacare implant instruments (Hu-Friedy, Chicago).
These implant instruments have autoclavable stainless
steel handles and three different cone-socket plastic tip
designs.

48. Plastic Curette Tips Probe & Carbon fiber Curette

49. Hoe Scalers
• Hoe scalers are used for scaling of ledges or rings
of calculus.
• The blade is bent at a 99-degree angle.
• The cutting edge is formed by the junction of the
flattened terminal surface with the inner aspect
of the blade. The cutting edge is beveled at 45
degree
• The blade is slightly bowed so that it can maintain
contact at two points on a convex surface.
Carranza 11th Edition

50. •The back of the blade is rounded and
the blade has been reduced to minimal
thickness to permit access to the roots
without interference from the adjacent
tissues.
• McCall’s #3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are a set
of six hoe scalers designed to provide
access to all tooth surfaces.
•Each instrument has a different
angle between the shank and handle.

51. Files
• Files have a series of blades on a base.
• Their primary function is to fracture or crush large
deposits of tenacious calculus or burnished sheets
of calculus.
• Files can easily gouge and roughen root surfaces
when used improperly. Therefore they are not
suitable for fine scaling and root planing.
• Mini-bladed curettes are currently preferred for
fine scaling in areas where files were once used.
• Sometimes may be used for removing
overhanging margins of dental restorations.

52. Chisel Scalers
• The chisel scaler, designed for the proximal surfaces
of teeth too closely spaced to permit the use of
other scalers.
• It is usually used in the anterior part of the mouth.
• It is a double-ended instrument with a curved shank
at one end and a straight shank at the other.
• The chisel is inserted from the facial surface.
• The slight curve of the blade makes it possible to
stabilize it against the proximal surface, whereas the
cutting edge engages the calculus without nicking
the tooth.
Carranza 11th Edition

53. Dental Endoscope
• A dental endoscope has been introduced for
use subgingivally in the diagnosis and
treatment of periodontal disease.
• The Perioscopy system (Perioscopy,
Inc,Oakland, CA) consists of a 0.99-mm-
diameter, reusable fiberoptic endoscope over
which is fitted a disposable, sterile sheath.
• The fiberoptic endoscope fits onto periodontal
probes and ultrasonic instruments that have
been designed to accept it.
• The fiberoptic endoscope attaches to a medical-
grade charged-coupled device (CCD) video
camera and light source that produces an image
on a flat-panel monitor for viewing during
subgingival exploration and instrumentation.

54. • This device allows clear visualization deeply
intosubgingival pockets and furcations.
• The sheath delivers water irrigation that flushes the
pocket while the endoscope is being used, keeping
the field clear.
• It permits operators to detect the presence and
location of subgingival deposits and guides them in
the thorough removal of these deposits.
.
Viewing periodontal explorers fort he
Perioscopy system.

55. Perioscopic instrumentation permits
deep subgingival visualization in
pockets and furcations
•Using this device, operators can
achieve levels of root debridement
and cleanliness that are much more
difficult or impossible to produce
without it.
•Magnification ranges from 24X to
48X, enabling visualization of even
minute deposits of plaque and
calculus.
•The Perioscopy system can also be
used to evaluate subgingival areas
for caries, defective restorations,root
fractures, and resorption

56. Cleansing and Polishing Instruments
1. RUBBER CUPS
• Rubber cups consist of a rubber shell with or without webbed
configurations in the hollow interior.
• They are used in the handpiece with a special prophylaxis angle.
• The handpiece, prophylaxis angle, and rubber cup must be sterilized
after each patient use, or a disposable plastic prophylaxis angle and
rubber cup may be used and then discarded.
• A good cleansing and polishing paste that contains fluoride should
be used and kept moist to minimize frictional heat as the cup
revolves.
• Polishing pastes are available in fine, medium, or coarse grits and
are packaged in small, convenient, single-use containers.
• Aggressive use of the rubber cup with any abrasive may remove the
layer of cementum, which is thin in the cervical area.
Carranza 11th Edition

57. 2.Bristle Brushes
• Bristle brushes are available in wheel and cup
shapes.
• The brush is used in the prophylaxis angle with a
polishing paste.
• Since the bristles are stiff, use of the brush should
be confined to the crown to avoid injuring the
cementum and the gingiva.

58. Disposable plastic prophylaxis angle
with rubber cup and with brush.

59. Dental Tape
• Dental tape with polishing paste is used for
polishing proximal surfaces that are
inaccessible to other polishing instruments.
• The tape is passed interproximally while being
kept at a right angle to the long axis of the
tooth and is activated with a firm labiolingual
motion.

60. •Particular care is taken to avoid injury to the gingiva.
•The area should be cleansed with warm water to remove all
remnants of paste.

61. Air-Powder Polishing
• The first specially designed handpiece to deliver an air-powered
slurry of warm water and sodium bicarbonate for polishing was
introduced in the early 1980s.
• This device, called the Prophy-Jet (Dentsply International, York, PA)
is very effective for the removal of extrinsic stains and soft deposits
• The slurry removes stains rapidly and efficiently by mechanical
abrasion and provides warm water for rinsing and lavage.
• The flow rate of abrasive cleansing power can be adjusted to
increase the amount of powder for heavier stain removal.
• Studies on the abrasive effect of the air-powder polishing devices
using sodium bicarbonate and aluminum trihydroxide on cementum
and dentin show that significant tooth substance can be lost.
• Damage to gingival tissue is transient and insignificant clinically, but
amalgam restorations, composite resins, cements, and other
nonmetallic materials can be roughened.

62. •Polishing powders containing
glycine rather than sodium
bicarbonate recently have been
introduced for subgingival biofilm
removal from root surfaces.
•Air-powder polishing can be used
safely on titanium implant surfaces.
Patients with medical histories of
respiratory illnesses and
hemodialysis are not candidates for
the use of the air-powder polishing
device.

63. • Powders containing sodium bicarbonate should
not be used on patients with histories of
hypertension,sodium-restricted diets, or
medications affecting the electrolyte balance.
• Patients with infectious diseases should not be
treated with this device because of the large
quantity of aerosol created.
• A preprocedural rinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine
gluconate should be used to minimize the
microbial content of the aerosol.
• Highspeed evacuation should also be used to
eliminate as much of the aerosol as possible.

64. ULTRASONIC AND SONIC
INSTRUMENTS:-
Oscillating scaler system can be divided into:
• Sonic Scaler.
• Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic scaler
• Piezoelectric Ultrasonic scaler.

65. SONIC SCALER
• Invented in 1960’s
• These scalers operate by compressed air from the dental unit.
• Sonic units consist of a hand piece that attaches to compressed air
and uses a variety of specially designed tips.
• Vibrations at the sonic tip ranges from 2000 to 6500 cycles per
second which provides less power for calculus removal than
ultrasonic unit.
• Tip oscillates with amplitude of upto 1000 µm in an almost circular
motion.
• With this motion/oscillating pattern, irrespective of adaptation of
the tip to the root surface plaque & calculus are removed by a
tapping motion. This is a major advantage of sonic scalers over the
ultrasonic instruments.

66. ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS
• Magnetostrictive scalers:-
– These were introduced in 1950’s.
– Oscillations of a tip are in an elliptical pattern at
frequencies of 20,000 Hz to 45,000Hz with
amplitude of 13-72 µm.
– The mode of action of the tip is either of a tapping
or a scraping nature depending
on the direction of the root
scaler tip toward root surface.

67. ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS
• Piezoelectric scalers:-
– Oscillate with frequency of 20,000 – 45,000 Hz.
– The vibrations are generated by change in dimensions
of quartz crystal.
– The oscillations are strictly linear with amplitude of
Appx. 72 µm.
• The mode of action of tip is either of a tapping or
a scrapping motion, depending
on the direction of the scaler tip
toward the root surface

68. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS

69. Surgical Instruments
1. Excisional and incisional instruments
2. Surgical curettes and sickles
3. Periosteal elevators
4. Surgical chisels
5. Surgical files
6. Scissors
7. Hemostats and tissue forceps

70. Excisional and Incisional Instruments
Periodontal Knives (Gingivectomy Knives)
• The Kirkland knife is representative of knives
typically used for gingivectomy.
• These knives can be obtained as either
double-ended or single-ended instruments.
• The entire periphery of these kidney shaped
knives is the cutting edge

71. Interdental Knives
• The Orban knife #1-2 and the Merrifield knife
#1, 2, 3, and 4 are examples of knives used for
inter dental areas.
• These spear-shaped knives have cutting edges
on both sides of the blade and are designed
with either double ended or single-ended
blades

72. Color Atlas of Periodontics-Rateitschak

73. S
C
A
L
P
E
L
S

74. Atlas of Periodontal Surgery- Jeffrey D Johnson

75. Surgical Blades
• The most common blades are #12D, 15, and
15C.
• The #12D blade is a beak-shaped blade with
cutting edges on both sides, allowing the
operator to engage narrow, restricted areas
with both pushing and pulling cutting
motions.
• The #15 blade is used for thinning flaps and
general purposes.

76. •The #15C blade, a narrower version of the #15 blade, is
useful for making the initial, scalloping-type incision.
1. No. 1 ( MARTIN)
2. No. 12 B (Bard Parker)
3. No. 15 ( MARTIN)
4. No. 15 C (Bard Parker)

77. • The slim design of this blade allows for incising
into the narrow interdental portion of the
flap.
• All these blades are discarded after one use.
• 15
• 12 D
• 15 C

78. Hufriedy catalogue

79. Electrosurgery (Radiosurgery)
• The term electrosurgery or radiosurgery is currently used
to identify surgical techniques performed on soft tissue
using controlled, high-frequency electrical (radio) currents
in the range of 1.5 to 7.5 million cycles per second, or
megahertz.
• There are three classes of active electrodes:
– single-wire electrodes for incising or excising;
– loop electrodes for planing tissue;
– heavy, bulkier electrodes for coagulation procedures.
• The four basic types of electrosurgical techniques are
– electrosection,
– electrocoagulation,
– electrofulguration, and
– Electrodesiccation.

80. Color Atlas of Periodontics-Rateitschak

81. • The most important basic rule of electrosurgery is:
always keep the tip moving.
• Prolonged or repeated application of current to tissue
induces heat accumulation and undesired tissue
destruction,
• Whereas interrupted application at intervals adequate
for tissue cooling (5 to 10 seconds) reduces or
eliminates heat buildup.
• Electrosurgery is not intended to destroy tissue; it is a
controllable means of sculpturing or modifying oral
soft tissue with little discomfort and hemorrhage for
the patient

82. Surgical Curettes and Sickles
• Larger and heavier curettes and sickles are often
needed during surgery for the removal of
granulation tissue, fibrous interdental tissues,
and tenacious subgingival deposits.
• The Prichard curette and the Kirkland surgical
instruments are heavycurettes, whereas the Ball
scaler #B2-B3 is a popular heavy sickle.
• The wider, heavier blades of these instruments
make them suitable for surgical procedures.

83. Periosteal Elevators
• The periosteal elevators are needed to reflect
and move the flap after the incision has been
made for flap surgery.
• The Woodson and Prichard elevators are well-
designed periosteal instruments

84. A. 6 mm-FK 300, Aesculap ( White)
B. 5mm –VT 24,22,23 ,Deppeler (Red)
C. 4mm- VT, Deppeler ( Yellow)
D. 2.5mm- Special manufacture, Zabona ( BLUE
Color Atlas of Periodontics-Rateitschak

86. Hufriedy catalogue

87. Surgical Chisels
• The back-action chisel is used with a pull motion.
• The straight chisel (e.g., Wiedelstadt, Ochsenbein
#1-2) is used with a push motion.
• The Ochsenbein chisel is a useful chisel with a
semicircular indentation on both sides of the
shank that allows the instrument to engage
around the tooth and into the interdental area.
• The Rhodes chisel is another popular back-action
chisel.
back-action chisel Ochsenbein chisels are paired, with the cutting
edges inopposite directions

88. MALLET

89. Tissue Forceps
• The tissue forceps is used to hold the flap
during suturing.
• It is also used to position and displace the flap
after the flap has been reflected.
• The DeBakey forceps is an extremely efficient
instrument

90. Atlas of Periodontal Surgery- Jeffrey D Johnson

91. Scissors and Nippers
• Scissors and nippers are used in periodontal
surgery to remove tabs of tissue during
gingivectomy, trim the margins of flaps.
• Also used to Enlarge incisions in periodontal
abscesses, and remove muscle attachments in
mucogingival surgery.
• The Goldman-Fox #16
has a curved, beveled blade
with serrations

92. • Iris Curved Perma Sharp
Scissors
•Tungsten carbide inserts on
both cutting edges.
•Used for fine tissue,
membrane or suture cutting.
Hufriedy catalogue

93. CURVED TIP
BLUNT TIP
Atlas of Periodontal Surgery- Jeffrey D Johnson

94. Needleholders
• Needleholders are used to suture the flap at
the desired position after the surgical
procedure has been completed.
• In addition to the regular types of
needleholder,the Castroviejo needleholder is
used for delicate, precise techniques that
require quick and easy release and grasp of
the suture.

95. CONCLUSION
• Scaling and root planing is the foundation of
periodontal treatment.
• The thorough removal of subgingival plaque and
calculus is essential for successful periodontal
therapy.
• Clinicians should educate patients so that they
appreciate the time and high level of skill
necessary for successful root planing.
• Using these highly specialised and specific
intruments one can focus on obtaining a smooth
glass-like root surface free of calculus.

96. REFERENCES
1. Carranza 11th Edition
2. Color Atlas of Periodontics-Rateitschak 3rd
edition.
3. Hufriedy Catalogue
4. Atlas of Periodontal Surgery- Jeffrey D
Johnson
5. Carranza 9th Edition

97. THANK YOU