The document discusses different types of chemical bonds formed by atoms to achieve stable inert gas electronic configurations: 1) Ionic bonds occur through complete electron transfer between atoms, making one positively charged and one negatively charged. The ions are then held together by electrostatic attraction. 2) Covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons between atoms of similar electronegativity to attain stable configurations. 3) Coordinate bonds are a type of covalent bond where both shared electrons are donated by one atom to an acceptor atom in need of electrons.

3. -Kossel and Lewis (1916) gave their Electronic theory of bonding
to explain the formation of bonds between atom`s.
-The atoms of some elements have incomplete last orbits and
they tend to achieve the inert gas configuration(2,8,18,32,64).
-Tendency of atoms to acquire inert gas electronic configuration
will causes the atoms to unite too form the chemical bonds.
-Inert gas configuration involves electronic grouping of two or
eight electrons which can be achieved by the combining 2 or
more atoms either by losing, gaining or sharing electrons among
themselves.

5. To attain the stable inert gas electronic configuration by atoms ,Three types
of chemical bonds are formed.
Types Of Chemical Bonds
Ionic Bond
Covalent
Bond
Coordinate
Bond

6. Ionic Bonding or look linkage- This type of chemical bonding is formed when
complete transference of one or more electrons from one atom to the other takes place
so that both the atoms acquire inert gas electronic configuration.
The atom that loses the electron/s becomes positively charged and the atom that gains
the electrons becomes negatively charged.
The charged Species (called ions) thus produced are held together by electrostatic force
of attraction.
2,8,1 2,8,7 2,8 2,8,8

7. Covalent Bonding or Covalent Linkage-This type of bonding is formed between
atoms which have similar or identical electronegativities.
Here the sharing of electrons takes place between the two or more atoms to attain the
inert gas configuration.
This type of bonding comes into existence by mutual sharing of electrons, it is called a
Covalent bonding. A covalent bonding or bond is usually signified b y a horizontal line (—).

9. Coordinate bond- It is a special type of covalent bond in which both the shared electrons are
contributed by one atom only.
The atom that donates the electron pair donor atom) has a spare unshared pair of electrons in the
outer orbit and the one that accepts (acceptor atom) is short by an electron pair.
However, after the formation of the bond, the electron pair involved is held in common and counts
towards both the atoms.
A coordinate bond is represented by an arrow, pointing away from the donor atom and towards to
acceptor atom.