This document discusses key concepts and figures in genetics including: 1. Mendel's laws of inheritance and independent assortment. 2. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. 3. Scientists who rediscovered Mendel's work and contributed to understanding DNA structure including Watson, Crick, Franklin, and Miescher. 4. Branches and applications of genetics such as cytogenetics, molecular genetics, behavioral genetics, and population genetics.

6.  Lawof Independent Assortment - seen
in monohybrid cross. There is alleles
separate or segregate independent
to each other.
 Law of Mendelian Inheritance - gene
actually separate or segregate in the
formation of zygote in the process of
fertilization.

7.  Established that all species of life have
descended over time from common
ancestry
 Proposed the scientific theory that
this branching pattern of evolution
resulted from a process that he
called natural selection.

8.  He published his theory with
compelling evidence for evolution in
his 1859 book ”On the Origin of
Species”, overcoming scientific
rejection of earlier concepts
of transmutation of species.

9.  Homunculus - the one who carries a tiny version of
the adult, each part of which expanded into the
corresponding part of the adult
 Preformation - pre formed bodies sperm cell

10.  The one who mention
behavior of
chromosomes.

12.  Three scientists who rediscovered
Mendel's laws in 1900. They were
all working independently on
different plant hybrids, and came
to the same conclusions about
inheritance as Mendel.

13.  1st study the chromosomes.
 The brilliant chemist whose x-ray
diffraction studies provided crucial
clues to the structure of DNA

15.  X-ray diffraction "photo 51" of DNA made
by Rosalind Franklin provided clues
for Watson and Crick (Nobel 1962) to
discover the structure of DNA.

16.  Discovered a new type
of weak
acid, abundant in the
nuclei of the white
blood cell; Miescher's
weak acid turned out
to be the chemical
substance we now
call deoxyribonucleic
acid or DNA.

17.  CYTOGENESIS - deals with the study of
physical basis of heredity.
 MOLECULAR GENESIS - CHEMICAL
BASIS OF HEREDITY.
› Newest scope of genetics:
 Genomics - study of genes
 Proteomics - study of protein
 BEHAVIORAL GENETICS - how a certain
organism behave.

18.  POPULATION GENETICS - transmission of
trait in a large group of individual
through time
 CLASSICAL GENETICS - the traits are
transmitted

20. 1.) PEDIGREE ANALYSIS - make use of
pictorial representation of the member
of the family.

21. 2.) KARYOTYPING - used to detect
chromosomal abnormality.
 make use (karyogram or karyotype) pictorial
representation of chromosomes
Example: normal female karyotype

22. 3.) PLANNED EXPERIMENTAL
BREEDING
 Hyphothesis
• Null hypothesis - stated in
negative manner
• Alternative hypothesis - stated in
positive manner.

23. 4.) TWIN STUDY
 Fraternal or Dizygotic twins
 Identical or Monozygotic

24. 5.) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS - numerous
for human mind to interpret.
 Chi square
 Standard Deviation
 Mean

26.  Plant and animal
improvement
 Field of medicine
 Genetic engineering
 Legal application/ forensic
 Genetic counseling

27. THANK YOU
and
GODBLESS!
☺