The document provides an overview of common components used in Internet of Things (IOT) projects including solderless breadboards, LEDs, resistors, NodeMCU microcontrollers, and Neopixel LED strips. It describes how to connect these components in simple circuits and programs, and introduces the Arduino IDE for writing code. Custom functions are also discussed as a way to organize code into reusable chunks.

1. IOT
101
CompCon
2016
Workshop
Anna
Gerber

2. Solderless
Breadboard
• Use
to
prototype
circuits
• Numbered
rows
are
connected
• Some
have
power
rails
along
the
sides

3. LEDs
• Light
EmiIng
Diode
• Polarized:
diodes
act
like
one
way
valves
so
must
be
connected
in
a
certain
direcMon
• Emits
light
when
a
current
passes
through
Anode
(+)
longer
lead
connects
to
power
Cathode
(-­‐)
connects
to
ground

4. Resistors
• Introduces
resistance,
so
restricts
the
amount
of
current
that
can
flow
through
a
circuit
• Can
be
connected
in
either
direcMon
• Bend
and
trim
the
leads
to
approx
1cm
each
make
it
easier
to
use
with
the
breadboard

6. Resistors
• 330
ohm
resistor
(orange,
orange,
brown,
gold)
–
use
with
LEDs
• 10K
resistor
(black,
brown,
orange,
gold)
–
use
with
LDR

7. NodeMCU
v
1.0

8. Connect
an
LED
• Connect
LED
to
pin
D1
(GPIO
16)
• Connect
330
ohm
resistor
to
GND
• Long
pin
(+)
of
LED
goes
to
pin
D1

9. Loading
programs
onto
the
board
Use
Arduino
Integrated
Development
Environment
(IDE)
to
write
and
send
programs
to
run
on
the
micro-­‐
controller

10. Blink
#define
LEDPIN
16
void
setup()
{
pinMode(LEDPIN,
OUTPUT);
}
void
loop()
{
digitalWrite(LEDPIN,
HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(LEDPIN,
LOW);
delay(1000);
}

11. Add
ESP8266
to
Arduino
• Open
Arduino
IDE
• Open
Preferences
• Add
ESP8266
to
Boards
Manager
URL
– hcp://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/
package_esp8266com_index.json
• Open
Tools
>
Board
>
Board
Manager
– Search
for
ESP8266
and
install

15. Uploading
the
code
• Select
the
board
– Tools
>
Board
>
Node
MCU
1.0
• Select
the
port
– Tools
>
Port
>
(the
port
for
your
board)
• Click
on
the
Upload
bucon
(arrow
poinMng
right)
• Messages
are
displayed
at
the
bocom
of
the
Arduino
window

16. Neopixels
• WS2812B
light
source
– Chainable,
individually
addressable
RGB
LEDs
– Many
formfactors
(pixel,
ring,
bar,
strip
etc)
– Each
unit
is
connected
via
3.3V,
GND
and
data
pin
– Use
external
power
if
working
with
more
than
a
few
LEDs
• See
hcps://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-­‐neopixel-­‐
uberguide/overview

17. Install
the
Neopixel
library
• Install
Library
using
Library
Manager:
– Sketch
>
Include
Library
>
Manage
Libraries
– Search
for
Neopixel
• OR
Download
library
files
from:
– hcps://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_NeoPixel
• Copy
files
into
your
Arduino
Libraries
folder
• Restart
Arduino
IDE

19. Connect
the
Neopixel
strip
Always
disconnect
power
before
acaching
strip
Connect
ground
first

20. Programming
Neopixels
Open
File
>
Examples
>
AdaFruit_Neopixel
>
simple
Include
the
library
and
set
up
the
strip:
#include
<Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
Adafruit_NeoPixel
strip
=
Adafruit_NeoPixel(8,
4,
NEO_GRB
+
NEO_KHZ800);
Number
of
LEDs
in
strip
is
8
Pin
that
strip
is
connected
to
is
4
(D2)
The
last
input
parameter
controls
color
order
&
frequency
for
strip

21. Programming
Neopixels
void
setup()
{
strip.begin();
strip.show();
//
all
pixels
off
to
start
}
Set
a
pixel
with
setPixelColor(pin,
color)
Follow
with
strip.show()
to
make
it
live
e.g.
set
the
first
neopixel
in
the
strip
(pixel
0)
to
red:
//
Color
takes
R,
G,
B
values
(0
–
255)
strip.setPixelColor(0,
strip.Color(255,
0,
0));
strip.show();

22. Neopixel
example
program
#include
<Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
#define
PIN
4
#define
NUMPIXELS
8
Adafruit_NeoPixel
pixels
=
Adafruit_NeoPixel(NUMPIXELS,
PIN,
NEO_GRB
+
NEO_KHZ800);
void
setup()
{
pixels.begin();
}
void
loop()
{
for(int
i=0;i<NUMPIXELS;i++){
pixels.setPixelColor(i,
pixels.Color(0,150,0));
pixels.show();
delay(500);
}
}

23. Custom
funcMons
• Every
Arduino
program
has
setup
and
loop
funcMons
but
you
can
add
extra
funcMons
to
split
code
into
reusable,
manageable
chunks
• FuncMons
can
return
a
result
e.g.
boolean
(true/false)
or
void
if
they
don't
boolean
checkValue(int
value)
{
if
(value
>
threshold)
{
digitalWrite(LEDPIN,
HIGH);
return
true;
}
else
{
digitalWrite(LEDPIN,
LOW);
return
false;
}
}

24. Custom
Neopixel
funcMons
Create
custom
funcMons
for
different
pacerns
and
behaviour
e.g:
Call
randomCycle(20);
to
use
funcMon
with
20
millisecond
delay
void
randomCycle(int
wait)
{
for(int
i
=
0;
i
<
strip.numPixels();
i++)
{
strip.setPixelColor(i,
strip.Color(
random(256),
random(256),
random(256)
));
}
strip.show();
delay(wait);
}
See
File
>
Examples
>
AdaFruit_Neopixel
>
strandtest
for
examples

25. Photo
Resistor
• Non-­‐polarized
• Connect
one
lead
to
ground
• Connect
the
other
lead
to
an
Analog
pin
and
also
a
10K
pull-­‐up
resistor
to
3.3V
• Also
known
as
LDR
(light
dependent
resistor)
or
photocell

27. Read
from
photo
resistor
const
int
analogInPin
=
A0;
int
sensorValue
=
0;
void
setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
}
void
loop()
{
sensorValue
=
analogRead(analogInPin);
Serial.print("sensor
=
");
Serial.prinlnt(sensorValue);
delay(500);
}
Open
Tools
>
Serial
Monitor