Hey! This is the best presentation about Heat exchanger device of shell and tubes type and there is also mentioned their defects and overcome method...

1. BY:
SUJAN KHAREL
Introduction to
HEAT
EXCHANGERS(Shell
and tubes)

2. TRANSFER OF THERMAL
ENERGY BETWEE
TWO OR MORE FLUIDS
between a solid surface and a
fluid
between solid particulates and a
25-11-2015Transport Phenomenon (CH 306)
2
Heat exchanger

3. Classification of
Heat Exchangers
25-11-2015Transport Phenomenon (CH 306)
3

4. Based on transfer process
25-11-2015Transport Phenomenon (CH 306)
4
 Indirect Contact – Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers
 Direct Contact – Cooling Towers
Gas-Liquid exchangers
Liquid-Liquid exchangers
Gas-Gas heat exchangers
Based on phase of fluids

5. Based on construction
25-11-2015Transport Phenomenon (CH 306)
5
 Tubular
 Double pipe heat exchanger
 Shell and tube heat exchangers
 Spiral heat exchangers
 Plate-type
 Plate and frame heat exchangers
 Spiral plate heat exchangers
 Extended Surface
 Plate-fin exchanger
 Tube-fin exchanger

6. Based on flow arrangements
25-11-2015Transport Phenomenon (CH 306)
6
 Parallel flow / Co-current flow
 Counter flow
 Cross flow

7. Types of HE
25-11-2015Transport Phenomenon (CH 306)
7
 Double-pipe exchanger
 Shell and tube exchangers
 Plate and frame exchangers
 Plate-fin exchangers.
 Spiral heat exchangers.
 Air cooled heat exchangers
 Agitated vessels.
 Fired heaters.

8. SHELL & TUBE
HEAT EXCHANGERS

9. Shell & Tube Heat
Exchangers
C.R: Masood Karim

10. Shell and Tube Heat exchanger
 A system with Shell & Tubes used for heat
exchange.
 A shell (a large pressure vessel) with a
bundle of tubes inside it.

11. Working
 One fluid runs through the tubes,
and another fluid flows over the
tubes (through the shell) to
transfer heat between the two
fluids.
 The set of tubes is called a tube
bundle.
 See the Animation………

12. •Control Volume
Cross Section Area
HOT
COLD
Thermal Boundary Layer
Basic Structure

13. Types of shell & tube H.E
• Among the several types : given are most readily
used.

16. 25-11-2015Transport Phenomenon (CH 306)
16
Advantages
Less expensive as compared to Plate
type coolers
 Can be used in systems with higher
operating temperatures and
pressures
 Pressure drop across a tube cooler
is less
 Tube leaks are easily located and
plugged since pressure test is
comparatively easy

Disadvantages
 Heat transfer efficiency is less
compared to plate type cooler
 Cleaning and maintenance is
difficult since a tube cooler
requires enough clearance at one
end to remove the tube nest
 Requires more space in
comparison to plate coolers

17. Bafels
 Device used to restrain the flow of a fluid or to
prevent the spreading of fluid in a particular
direction.
 Flow-directing panel in some vessels such as
shell and tube heat exchangers, chemical
reactors, or static mixers.

18. Use of Baffles In Shell And Tube Heat
Exchangers
Why are baffles used?
To support the tube
To direct the fluid stream across the tube
To improve the rate of heat transfer Shell
Tubes
Baffle

20. Heat exchangers problems
 Exchanger
fouling
 Corrosion
 Vibration

21. Fouling
• Fouling occurs when any type of particles both
organic or inorganic plug or plate out on heat
transfer surfaces creating a resistance to
transfer energy
• There are two types of fouling
– Macro-fouling
– Micro-fouling

22. Macro Vs Micro Fouling
• Macro-fouling
– Sand
– Silt
– Scale
– Rust
– Mineral deposits
Example- CaCO3
• Micro-fouling
– Biological growth
– Algae
– Bacteria
– Mussels
• Micro-fouling is
controlled by water
treatment

23. 2.Corrosion of heat exchangers
Another series problem in heat exchangers is corrosion
Severe corrosion can and does occur in tubing and very
often with common fluids such as water.
To avoid corrosion
►Proper material selection based on full analysis of the
operating fluids, velocities and temperatures is a must.
►Protection of the heat exchanger from corrosion [e.g.
cathodic protection]
►Treatment of the cooling water used and using inhibitors.

24. 3.Heat exchangers vibration
Vibration of the tubes as a result of the flow of the
shell side past them is important phenomena
specially when the H.X size and flow quantities of
flow are increased
Vibration effects
►Vibration has a bad effect on both tubes and shell
►The joints between the tubes and tube sheet can
fail due to vibration causing leakage
►It causes leakage in the joints between shell and
tubes
►Increase the shut down time to repair the H.X

25. How to avoid vibration
Using inlet support baffles
Using double segmental baffles [improve
tube support]
Inlet support
baffles
Double-segmental baffles

26. Conclusion