Meeting the needs
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Meeting the needs
- 1. Presented by: Mr. Anslin., M.Sc(N) HOD Mental health nursing Sacon
- 2. Knowledge an culture diversity is vital at all levels of nursing practice. Ethnocentric approaches to nursing practice are ineffective in meeting health and nursing needs of diverse cultural group of clients.
- 3. Knowledge about culture and their impact on interaction with health care is essential for nurses, whether they are practicing in a clinical setting education, research and administration.
- 4. Knowledge and skills related to cultural diversity can strengthen health care delivery systems concept of illness, wellness and treatment modalities evolve from a cultural perspective.
- 5. Cultural diversity in nursing practice derives its conceptual base from nursing, other cross cultural health discipline and the social science such as anthropology, sociology and psychology.
- 6. “Cultural diversity” refers to the difference between people based on a shared ideology and valued set of beliefs, norms, customs and meanings evidenced in a way of life.
- 7. Define: Stress is the “Non- specific response of the body to any kind of demand made up on it”. - Selye (1956) Stress is the arousal of mind and body in response to demands made upon them. - Schafer (2000)
- 8. Stress is a condition in which the human system response to change in its normal balanced state. Stress result from a change in the environment that is perceived as a challenge a threat or a danger. - Pender, Murdaugh & Parsons (2006)
- 9. Major life changes Stress can also be self generated Work Relationship difficulties Being too busy Financial problem Children and family
- 10. Inability to accept uncertainty Pessimism Negative self talk Unrealistic expectation Lack of assertiveness Perfectionism
- 15. Coping: Coping is the ability of person to adjust with situation. Adaptive coping mechanisms are those that promote health while helping the person successfully reduces stress.
- 16. It is a natural or learned way of responding to a changing environment or specific problem or situation. There are two type of coping strategies:. 1. Problem focused coping 2. Emotional focused coping
- 17. Problem focus coping improve a situation by making changes or taking some action. Emotional focused coping thoughts and actions that relieve emotional distress. It does not improve situation but the person often feels better. Which is divided in to two:
- 18. Coping Long term coping Change life style pattern such as eating health diet, exercise regularly, problem solving & decision making Short term coping Using alcohol beverages or drug, day dreaming.
- 19. a) Nursing history: Nurse should assess for client perceived stressors, manifestations of stress and past & present coping strategies. b) Physical examination: Indicators of stress (Nail biting, nervousness, weight change) Stress related health problem (Hypertension, Dyspnea).
- 22. Teach health activities of daily living Eg: Exercise, Rest & sleep, Nutrition Encourage use of support system Encourage use of management technique Massage and progressive relaxation. Anticipatory guidance (psychologically preparing herself for an unfamiliar painful event) Guided imagery and Bio feed back Therapeutic touch (Music, Humor, Laugh)
- 23. Nurse collect data in accordance to outcome criteria established. Evaluation activities.
- 24. It is one’s mental image of one-self A positive self concept is essential to a person’s mental and physical health Individuals with a positive self concept are better able to develop and maintain interpersonal relationships and resist psychological and physical illness.
- 25. Individual who have a poor self- concept may express feelings of worthlessness, self-dislike or even self-hatred They may feel and sad or hopeless and may state they lack energy to perform task.
- 26. How one thinks, talks & acts Choice one make Ability to take action to change things How one see and treats another person Ability to give and receive love
- 27. 1) Self knowledge – once ability, nature, limitation, insight. 2) Self expectation – Realistic/ unrealistic 3) Social self – how a person is perceived by others/ society. 4) Social evaluation – the appraisal of oneself in relationship to others.
- 29. Personal identity is conscious sense of individuality and uniqueness that is continually evolving throughout life. People often view their identity in term of nature, sex, age, race, ethnic origin or culture, occupation or roles, talents and other situation characteristics (eg: marital status and education).
- 30. The image of physical self in how a person perceive the size, appearance and function of the body and its part. Body image is the sum of person’s conscious and unconscious attitude about his or her body. This does not necessarily have to reflect reality (Thin – fat).
- 31. Throughout life people undergo numerous role changes. A role is a set of expectations about how the person occupying once position behaves.
- 32. It is one’s judgment of one’s own worth, that is how that persons standards and performance compare to others and to one’s ideal self.
- 33. When thinking about the six topics sometimes we make judgments about how much we approve or disapprove of ourselves. Those judgments will affect how we behave and how much we think we can secured.
- 34. If there is a mismatch between how you see yourself (eg: your self image) and what you’d like to be (eg: your ideal self) then this is likely to affect how much you value yourself. therefore there is an intimate relationship between self image, ego- ideal and self esteem.
- 35. A person ideal self may not be consistent with what actually happens in life and experience of the person. Hence a difference may exist between a person’s ideal self and actual experience. This is called incongruence.
- 36. Incongruent Congruent Self image Ideal self Self image Ideal self The self image is different to the ideal self. There is only a little overlap. Here self actualization will be difficult. The self image is similar to the ideal self. There is a more overlap. This person can self- actualize.
- 37. Self awareness (Infancy) Self recoganitation (18 months) Self definition (3 years) Self concept (6 – 7 yrs)
- 38. To promote a positive self- concept include helping a client to identify areas of strength for ex: writing, painting, music, sports. The following nursing technique may enhance self esteem… 1. Encourage client to express their feelings 2. Provide accurate information 3. Avoid criticism 4. Explore clients positive qualities and strength.
- 39. Many disease, accidents, illness and their treatments create sexual dysfunctions and role changes. Rehabilitation nurses are in an excellent position to address these issues with their client. To accomplish this, nurses need to overcome barriers, such as cultural and professional stereotyping, and lack of education.
- 40. Nurses must also develop an awareness of belief, attitudes and values related to sexuality, and awareness of how these beliefs, attitudes and values affect their practice. Rehabilitation nurses have an important role in assuring that experiencing a disability, having a chronic illness or aging does not need to translate into permanent sexual loss or eliminate the ability to give and receive affection.
- 41. Spirituality generally involves a belief in a relationship with some high power, creative force, drive being or infinite source of energy. Ex: person may believe in god.
- 42. Spirituality is unique to each individual Your “spirit” usually refers to the deepest part of you, the part that lets you make meaning of your world. Your spirit provides you with the revealing sense of who you are, where you are here of what your purpose for living is. It is that inter most part of you that allows you to gain strength and hope.
- 43. The basis of spirituality is discovering a sense of meaning fullness in your life and coming to know that you have purpose to fulfill.
- 44. Spiritual distress refer to a challenge to the spiritual well being or to the belief system that provides strength, hope and meaning to life.
- 45. Treatment related factors Situation factors Physical problem Ex: Pain, experiencing loss of body parts or function, terminal illness. Blood transfusion, surgery, abortion, amputation of a body. Death, illness
- 46. No one really knows for sure how spirituality is related to health. However it seems the body, mind and spirit are connected. Some research shows that things such as positive beliefs, comfort and strength gained from religion, meditation and prayer can contribute to healing and a sense of well being. Improving your spiritual health may help you feel better, prevent some health problem & help you cope with illness, stress/ death.
- 47. For many people, religion and spirituality are a significant part of who they are, many patient turn to religion & faith as they try to find meaning in their illness and cope with their altered life situation. Religious faith and spiritual coping has been observed in patient with some disease.
- 48. If these needs are not addressed, internal struggles may result in existential crisis leading to dejection and perception of being abandoned. (ex: god does not care for me) The components of a spirituality based indicator would include a vision of a peaceful and united future: The selected principles.
- 49. Unity in diversity Equity and justice Equality of the sexes Trustworthiness and moral leadership Independent investigation of truth
- 50. The loss of a loved one is life’s most stressful event and can cause a major emotional crisis. After the death of someone you love, you experience bereavement, which literally means “to be deprived by death”. When a death take place, you may experienced a wide range of emotion. When a death is expected, then there is no real order to the giving process.
- 52. It is not easy to cope after a loved one die, you will mourn and grieve. Mourning is a natural process you go through to accept a major loss. Mourning may include religious traditional honoring the death or gathering with friends and family to share your loss.
- 53. Mourning is personal and may lost months or years. Profound emotional reaction may occur. (Ex: anxiety, chronic fatigue, depression and thoughts of suicide).
- 54. It is very important to allow yourself to express these feelings. Many people report physical symptom that accompany grief. (stomach pain, loss of appetite, intestinal upset, sleep disturbance and loss of energy. Mourning can seriously discussed by your relationship with the person who died.
- 55. Child death arouses an overwhelming sense of injustice – unfulfilled dreams and senseless suffering. Parents may feel responsible for the child’s death. Parents may also feel that they have lost a vital part of their own identity.
- 56. A spouse death is very traumatic. The death may cause a potential financial crisis if the spouse was the family’s main income source.
- 57. Elderly people death may be especially vulnerable when they lose a spouse because it means losing a life time of shared experiences. At this time, feeling of loneliness may be compound by the death of close friends.
- 58. Define: Grief is a reaction to a major loss. It is most often an unhappy and painful emotion. Painful psychological and physiological response to loss.
- 59. Death of loved one Illness Chronic condition affect quality of life Diverse
- 60. Denial, Disability, Numbness Anger, Blaming others Bargaining Depressed mood, sadness & crying Acceptance
- 61. 1. Seek out caring people (find relatives and friends who understand). 2. Express your feelings (tell others). 3. Take care of your health (meet physician). 4. Accept that life is for the living . 5. Postpone major life change (moving, remarrying, changing job). 6. Be patient 7. Seek outside help when necessary.
- 62. Helping others grieves Share the sorrow Don’t offer false comfort Offer practical help Be patient Encourage profession al help when necessary
- 63. Examples of therapeutic health care modalities are: Life style modification Recreational & divisional therapy
- 65. 1. Music therapy 2. Activities according to the hobbies 3. Play activities 4. Reading 5. Painting 6. Yoga 7. Exercise 8. Group activities/ occupational therapy 9. Other activities (watching tv, etc).
- 66. Thank you