This document discusses news and social media platforms. It provides details about upcoming deadlines for a video story, print story, and website that are due in April and May. It also lists suggested topics for a class presentation on the relationship between a digital platform and news, including Snapchat, virtual reality, drones, and various social media sites. The document then discusses how different social media platforms are used for news and their audience demographics, including statistics on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Reddit, and LinkedIn users that get news from each site.

1. News and social media
From platform relationship standpoint

2. Reconfirming schedules
• Video story storyboard and script due this week.
• Approval needed for video story.
• Video story project is due April 23 Thursday.
• Print story due April 28 Thursday
• Class presentation participation mandatory.
• Website should be complete and published by May 3. For the website
start writing introduction, bio, resume, captions

3. In the final stage of this course we explore
platform relationship.
• A short discussion presentation about a digital platform.
-Describe the platform
-Assess strength and weakness
-Show examples how they are used for news, comment and critique.
-Showcase your work on your website
• Suggested topics are:
-News & Snapchat
-News & Virtual reality
-News & Drones
-News & Twitter, Facebook
-News & Periscope
-News & Instagram, Pinterest
-News & Wearables (Google glass)

4. Platform relationship & distributed content
• Now the news media increasingly
depends on social platforms like
Facebook, where billions of people
discover news to read and videos
to watch.
• Social media platforms are equally
interested in the media business.
• But different platforms have
different audience and type of
news exposure.

5. News use varies across
platforms
• Roughly half of both Facebook and
Twitter users get news on those
sites. On YouTube, that is true of
only one-fifth of its user base, and
for LinkedIn, the number is even
smaller.

6. Social Media as a
Pathway to News
• Roughly two-thirds (64%) of U.S.
adults use Facebook, and half of those
users get news there—amounting to
30% of the general population.
• YouTube has the next greatest reach
in terms of general usage, at 51% of
U.S. adults. Thus, even though only a
fifth of its users get news there, that
amounts to 10% of the adult.
• Twitter reaches just 16% of U.S.
adults, but half (8% of U.S. adults) use
it for news.
• Reddit is a news destination for nearly
two-thirds of its users (62%).

7. Getting News from
Multiple Platforms
• For those who get news on
multiple social networking sites,
Facebook is likely to be one of
the ones they use. More than
half of adults who get news on
Twitter, Google Plus, LinkedIn
and YouTube also get news on
Facebook.
• Aside from that, the shared
audience between these sites is
relatively small.

8. Demographics of social news consumers
• LinkedIn news consumers stand
out from other groups as more
likely to be high earners and
college educated.
• Twitter news consumers are
significantly younger than news
consumers on Facebook, Google
Plus and LinkedIn.
• And Facebook news consumers
are significantly more likely to be
female.

9. Twitter in trouble, why?
• Twitter’s user growth has clearly
started to slow down, and that
continues to hurt the business.
• The company lowered its
expectations for the current
quarter, sending its stock down as
much as 12 percent.
• User growth is clearly an issue.
Twitter now has 320 million
monthly active users, up just four
million over the last quarter.

10. Growth has stopped.
• Twitter doesn't enjoy the same
mass-market appeal of
Facebook, which has more than
four times as many users.
Facebook has around 1.5 billion
users.
• Just announced 8 percent
layoffs.
• Expect more trouble because of
new startup social media.

11. Why? Here are the reason that pundits say.
(Based on article from Timothy B. Lee, Vox, oct.
27, 2015)
• Twitter's strengths — and also its weaknesses — come from the fact
that tweets in a user's timeline are displayed in strictly chronological
order. And it’s content is restricted to 140 characters.
1. No proprietary algorithm. Does not select or highlight information
that I and my network care about. Focuses on recency. This is fit for
heavy users like professional communicators such as journalists,
activists, campaign professionals, or Donald Trump. But not for
casual users.
2. Limitation on content control. The reason for 140 character is
speed. But speed does
3. Are there any other reasons? Frankly they don’t know for sure.

12. What do you think?
• What is the difference between Twitter and Facebook from the user’s
standpoint?
• What remedy would you propose to Twitter?
• What do you think is the future of social media?
• What is the contribution of social media to society?

13. Ambiguous definition of social media
• What is social media?
-It is a comprehensive term that includes a number of different
media platforms. Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, LinkedIn, Reddit,
Pinterest…, sometimes called Social Networking Sites (SNS).
• Following Boyd and Ellison (2007), we define online social
network sites as “web-based services that allow individuals to (1)
construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system,
(2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a
connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and
those made by others within the system.”(Ellison, 2007)
• But are they the same type of media?

14. Social media v. Mass media,
interpersonal communication.
• Interpersonal and mass (mediated) communication
• In the early twentieth century and after World War I, people thought mass
media message will immediately get to people’s attitude and behavior and
change them. It was called the bullet theory or hypodermic needle theory.
• But empirical analysis did not support it.
• On the contrary, interpersonal communication and networks mattered
more. It is called the Two step flow theory, because the influence of mass
media is channeled through opinion leaders and their network of
influence.
• Where does social media stand?

15. It is still true that interpersonal communication
has the strongest effect of people.
• Proximity(vs. Anonymity): You know whom you are talking to.
• Reciprocity: You can always talk back.
• Content control: visual and audio at the same time.
These three elements were called interactivity.
*But it has the limitation of time and space. So the communication
technology has focused on transcending those barriers.
*But the revolution of mass media was a trade-off of interactivity.

16. Twitter and Facebook, are they the
same media?
• Twitter, as its focus seems to be on the sharing of opinion and
information rather than on reciprocal social interaction.
• Users do not need to post information about themselves to find
‘friends’ and thus the site focuses less on ‘who you are’ and more on
what you have to say.
• Twitter is less reciprocal. There is a clear difference between those
who disseminate information (followed) and those who receive it
(follower).
It is found that users such as celebrities and media representatives
which is 0.05% of the population generate 50% of URLs consumed.

17. Different effects in many aspects
• Much cited article by Yoo found that Facebook and Twitter had
different political effects in many aspects.
• Conventionally, the advertisement market values Facebook
communication higher than Twitter. Eventbrite calculated that every
time someone shares a link about an upcoming event, Facebook
generates sales of 2.52 dollars and Twitter 0.34 dollars (Kwak et al.,
2010).
• It is said that Facebook is like a dinner table and twitter is like a party
talk.

18. • Twitter specialized in diffusion speed and mobility (Farhi, 2009). The
140-character message length made Twitter the first web service to
break free of PCs (Arthur, 2011). Studies show compromised
proximity and content control for the sake of mobility.
• Is the social media evolving towards more interactive form of media
platform that is similar to interpersonal communication?
• In the 1990s the most interactive form of digital media was blog.

19. Proposed presentation questions
• What do you think that caused Twitter’s trouble (no net increase
in users)? What do you think is its solution?
• What do you think is the difference between Facebook and
Twitter?
• What is the future of social media? Give your prospect about the
evolution of social media.
• Give your assessment on the relationship between use of social
media and news among young adults. Or, the relationship between
social media use and political participation among young adults?