Overview of emerging techs for hibrid 5G. Examples of projects covering this issue. An analysis of what is missing in 5G, including blockchain, smart contracts, service-centric networking, information-centric networking, P4, etc. Talk giving at #5GLATAM.

1. SDN, NFV AND CDN/ICN IN HIBRID
TERRESTRIAL/SATELLITE 5G:
WHAT IS MISSING?
Antonio M. Alberti
Professor, Researcher, Designer, C/C++
Developer

2. What is Software-Defined Networking (SDN)?
IEEE NetSoft 2017 Tutorial | 2017-07-03 | Page 50
SDN refers to software-defined
networking architectures where:
• Data- and control planes decoupled from
one another.
• Data plane at forwarding devices
managed and controlled remotely by a
“controller”.
• Well-defined programming interface
between control- and data planes.
• Applications running on controller
manage and control underlying data
plane
SDN architecture
Source:
“Software-Defined Networking: A Comprehensive Survey”,
Kreutz et al., https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.0440.
SDN: Definitions, Concepts, and
Terminology
! ORIGINALLY, MEANS NOVEL ABSTRACTIONS
FOR NETWORKING
! IT IS NOT LIMITED TO DATA FORWARDING
FUNCTION.
! OPENFLOW SDN
! DECOUPLES DATA AND CONTROL PLANES.
! DATA PLANE CONTROLLED BY A SOFTWARE-
IMPLEMENTED CONTROLLER VIA OPENFLOW
PROTOCOL.
! NETWORK APPLICATION CAN BE IMPLEMENTED
IN NORTHBOUND.

3. What is Software-Defined Networking (SDN)?
! PROGRAMMING PROTOCOL INDEPENDENT PACKET PROCESSORS
! PROGRAMMABILITY OF THE DATA PLANE AND APIS.
Source: Open Network Foundation.

4. What is Network Function Virtualization (NFV)?
! IT IS AN ARCHITECTURE TO DEPLOY
VIRTUAL NETWORK FUNCTIONS
! SUPPORT FOR LIFE-CYCLING OF VIRTUAL
INFRASTRUCTURE AND VIRTUAL
NETWORK SERVICES.
! ETSI NFV REFERENCE
ARCHITECTURE
! DEFINES SEVERAL COMPONENTS:
NETWORK FUNCTION VIRTUALIZATION
INFRASTRUCTURE (NFVI), MANAGEMENT
AND ORCHESTRATION (MANO), VIRTUAL
NETWORK FUNCTION (VFN),
INTEROPERABILITY TO OSS/BSS, ETC.
Network Functions Virtualisation – Update White Paper Issue 1
The Architectural Framework is shown in Figure 4. It illustrates which building blocks vendors can
choose to implement in order to provide “NFV compatible products”.
Figure 4: NFV Architectural Framework
The main architectural constituents of the NFV Architectural Framework are:
! The NFVI (Network Functions Virtualisation Infrastructure), which provides the virtual
resources required to support the execution of the Virtualised Network Functions. It includes
Source: European Telecommunications Standards Institute.

5. What is Information-Centric Networking (ICN)?
! IT IS AN ARCHITECTURE THAT RETHINKS CONTENT DISTRIBUTION CONSIDERING
PERSISTENT AND UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION OF INFORMATION INDEPENDENTLY OF
LOCATION.
! ICN DELIVERS CONTENT BASED ON THEIR UNIQUE NAMES USING NETWORK CACHES.
! CONTENT DISTRIBUTION WITH PROVENANCE, INTEGRITY AND SECURITY OF INFORMATION
PER SE.

6. Examples of SDN/NFV in Terrestrial 5G
! 5G-XHAUL
! SDN CONTROLLERS APPLIED TO
FRONT/BACKHAUL.
! STRATEGIC PLACEMENT OF VNF.
Source: Deliverable 2.2 from 5G-Xhaul H2020 Project.
5G-XHaul Deliverable
End
Point A
VM
End
Point B
vBBU
(upper layers)
Virtual
Wireless
forwarding
Virtual
Optical
Virtual BH
Virtual
Wireless
forwarding
Virtual
Optical
Virtual FH
RRH
RRH
RRH
VM
vBBU
Internet
Fronthaul
Optical Transport
Data Centers
Backhaul
Data Centers
vBBU
Wireless Access/Transport
VM
mmWave
Network
Controller
LTE Network
Controller
Compute
Controller
WDM PON
Controller
TSON
Controller
Compute
Controller
Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization
Virtual
Network
Physical
Network
Processing
Virtual
Network
Physical
Network
Processing
SDN
Controller VNF
SDN
Controller
VNF
EM EM
Element Management
(EM) Element Management (EM)
Drivers
ManagedPHYInfInfManagement
RU
RF to
Baseband
Cycle Prefix
& FFT
Resource
demapping
Receive
processing
Decoding
MAC
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
CloudRANTraditionalRAN
high network bandwidth
Increased BBU sharing
low network bandwidth
Limited BBU sharing
Control
Management&Service
Orchestration
vBBU
(lower layers)
Figure 4: The overall overarching architecture.
A key architectural issue associated with this type of infrastructure is the placement of the Base Band (BB)
SDN for flexible forwarding
in fronthaul.
SDN for flexible forwarding
in backhaul.
NFV for virtual network
function in backhaul and
backhaul.

7. Examples of SDN/NFV in Terrestrial 5G
! 5G CHARISMA
! HIERARCHICAL APPLICATION
OF NFV, SDN, AND ICN.
a location close to where it is frequently accessed; in such a way, access time latency can also be minimized.
Overall, this requires the CHARISMA architecture to be much more distributed in nature, as compared to
more centralized 5G architectures, e.g. as typically exemplified by the purely C-RAN architecture, where
intelligence is almost completely located in the CO (or Central Node). Indeed, CHARISMA is more of a
distributed cloud (i.e. fog, where the cloud is typically closer to the ground, i.e. closer to end-users) type
architecture. To that end, we have designed the CHARISMA architecture to be hierarchical, with a set of self-
similar intelligent aggregation nodes located between the CO and end-users. Each node is labelled a
CHARISMA Aggregation Level (CAL) and is designated with a number, to signify its level in the hierarchy.
Figure 2: Physical layer description of hierarchical CHARISMA aggregation levels (CALs)
This means that data is routed, where possible, at the lowest common aggregation point, to assist in
achieving low-latency networking. For example, for D2D communications, data is routed directly between
Source: Lyberopoulos et al., CHARISMA – A Hierarchical,
Intelligent, SDN/NFV-Based 5G Architecture Supporting Low
Latency, Intrinsic Security and Open Access
Computing,
networking and
storage resources in
every network
portion. Employs ICN
for content
distribution.

8. Examples of SDN/NFV in Hibrid Terrestrial/Satellite 5G
! VITAL
! SATELLITE NETWORK FUNCTION (SNF)
ARE VIRTUALIZED ALLOWING
CUSTOMIZABLE SLICES.
! SUPPORT FOR VIRTUAL SATELLITE
NETWORK (VSN) OPERATORS.
! SERVICE ORCHESTRATOR DECIDES ON
COMPOSITION, SERVICE GRAPH AND
CAPABILITIES OF EACH VSN.
Primeiro Relat´orio: Arquitetura h´ıbrida terrestre-sat´elite para infraestrutura da rede 5G
requisitos do 5G e coloca: (i) ICN como uma tendˆencia importante para 5G e sat´elite;
(ii) virtualizac¸˜ao e m´ultiplos clientes (tenancies como chave para a convergˆencia 5G e
sat´elite; (iii) necessidade de garantias de disponibilidade, confiabilidade e robustez; (iv)
seguranc¸a e reduc¸˜ao do gasto energ´etico. Evans tamb´em comenta sobre avanc¸os recentes
nas tecnologias de sat´elite, destacando v´arios dos seus usos. Comenta que a integrac¸˜ao
das redes satelitais e terrestres ´e um tendˆencia que se manifesta no desenvolvimento de
padr˜oes tecnol´ogicos convergentes. Considera v´arias ´areas na qual o sat´elite pode tomar
parte em 5G: (i) compartilhamento dinˆamico de recursos f´ısicos para extens˜ao de ´area de
cobertura e off load de tr´afego terrestre; (ii) uso de sat´elites de alta vaz˜ao para complemen-
tar a rede terrestre e prover backhaul em ´areas onde ´e dif´ıcil introduzir 5G; (iii) integrac¸˜ao
de caches e sistemas de entrega para agilizar sistemas terrestres; (iv) inclus˜ao de func¸˜oes
de rede e controle SDN no pr´oprio sat´elite; (v) comunicac¸˜ao para dispositivos de IoT;
(vi) compartilhamento de frequˆencia entre sistemas terrestre e de sat´elite para lidar com a
escassez de espectro. O artigo ainda comenta sobre como o sat´elite ajuda o 5G a cumprir
os seus requisitos. O sat´elite permite a extens˜ao sem fronteiras dos servic¸os 5G. Evans
defende que a extens˜ao das tecnologias SDN/NFV para o ambiente de sat´elite ´e uma
perspectiva muita bem vista pela comunidade de comunicac¸˜oes via sat´elite. A aplicac¸˜ao
de NFV e redes de acesso de r´adio com cloud computing (cloud radio access network -
CRAN) permitem a virtualizac¸˜ao de head-ends, gateways, hubs e at´e mesmo de terminais
satelitais. Para tanto, v´arias adaptac¸˜oes as tecnologias SDN/NFV ser˜ao necess´arias para
serem aplic´aveis no ambiente de sat´elite. Evans comenta sobre o TCP multi caminho e
sobre a codificac¸˜ao em rede (network coding) como t´ecnicas importantes para otimizar a
rede satelital. Comenta ainda sobre a personalizac¸˜ao dos gateways via NFV. Comenta so-
bre a virtualizac¸˜ao da camada de m´ultiplo acesso tamb´em usando NFV. Por fim, apresenta
uma lista de desafios para viabilizar a convergˆencia de 5G com sat´elite, propondo um ro-
admap para tal. Os desafios s˜ao nas ´areas de integrac¸˜ao, QoE, latˆencia, compartilhamento
de espectro, reduc¸˜ao de gasto energ´etico, localizac¸˜ao, resiliˆencia e multi servic¸os.
B.43. On the Virtualization and Dynamic Orchestration of Satellite Communication
Services
Autores: R. Ferrus, H. Koumaras, O. Sallent, T. Rasheed, E. Duros, R. Riggio, N. Kuhn,
P. G´elard, T. Ahmed
managed by a WAN Infrastructure Manager (WIM).
-Satellite Terminals (STs), which provide the satellite
connectivity and interworking between the satellite connection
and a customer premises network (e.g. LAN network) on the
terminal side.
Fig. 1. Architecture for SDN/NFV-enabled satellite ground segment systems
the u
to ma
Fig. 2.
C. M
T
realiz
doma
moni
comp
- Serv
and c
Netw
Source:
SBG - Satellite Baseband Gateway
PNF - Physical Network Functions
SNF-VNFs - Satellite
Network Functions -
Virtual Network
Functions. Can support
Performance Enhancing
Proxies as VNFs.
Management of
PNFs.
VNFs life-
cycling
Service
graph

9. Examples of SDN/NFV in Hibrid Terrestrial/Satellite 5G
! CLOUDSAT
! SDN AND NFV FOR HIBRID 5G.
! FEDERATED MANAGER TO JOINTLY
ORCHESTRATE RESOURCES.
G. Gardikis et al.
Fig. 8 Traffic steering/ service chaining in the customer functions virtualisation scenario
Fig. 9 Reduction in page response time over the satellite network thanks to the vCache (VNF3)
ity servers- and/or programmable. Only evolutions at the
ground segment are assumed, while using the existing satel-
lites and payloads (short-mid/term vision).
Without focusing on any specific use case (at this stage),
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and configuration,” in Sixth International Conference on Networking - IEEE, May
2007, pp. 01–06.
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with icn,” in IEEE Int. Th. J., vol. 17, no. c, 2017, p. 1–8.
[77] IRTF, “Irtf - information-centric network,” https://trac.tools.ietf.org/group/irtf/trac/wiki/icnrg,
vol. Agosto, 2017.
[78] M. Agiwal, A. Roy, and N. Saxena, “Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Com-
prehensive Survey,” IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, no. 3, pp. 1617–
1655, Third Quarter 2016.
[79] A. Hakiri and P. Berthou, “Leveraging SDN for the 5G Networks: Trends, Prospects and
Challenges.” CoRR, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/
corr/corr1506.html#HakiriB15
[80] A. S. Rajan and K. B. Ramia, Application of NFV and SDN to 5G Infrastructure. Towards
5G: Applications, Requirements and Candidate Technologies, 2017, pp. 408–420.
[81] F. Z. Yousaf, M. Bredel, S. Schaller, and F. Schneider, “NFV and SDN: Key Technology
Enablers for 5G Networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,
vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 2468–2478, Nov 2017.
[82] A. Basta, A. Blenk, K. Hoffmann, H. J. Morper, M. Hoffmann, and W. Kellerer, “Towards
a Cost Optimal Design for a 5G Mobile Core Network Based on SDN and NFV,”
IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1061–
1075, Dec 2017.
[83] M. Robinson, M. Milosavljevic, P. Kourtessis, S. Fisher, G. P. Stafford, J. Treiber, M. J.
Burrell, and J. M. Senior, “QoE based Holistic Traffic Engineering in SDN ena-
bled Heterogeneous Transport Networks,” 2017 19th International Conference on
Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), pp. 1–4, July 2017.
[84] A. 5G, “NFV and SDN Networks,” 4G Americas, Novembro 2016. [Online].
Available: http://www.5gamericas.org/files/9614/4674/3416/4G Americas NFV
and SDN Networks White Paper - November 2015.pdf.
[85] G. Gardikis, H. K. Chris, and S. Koumaras, “Towards SDN/NFV-enabled Satellite
Networks,” Telecommunication Systems, p. 615–628, 2017.
[86] G. Agapiou, R. Ferr´us, H. Koumaras, O. Sallent, T. Rasheed, N. Kuhn, and T. Ahmed,
“SDN and NFV for Satellite Infrastructures.” IEICE Information and Communica-
tion Technology Forum, pp. 1–4, March 2016.
[87] M. K. Shin, S. Lee, S. Lee, and D. Kim, “A Way Forward for Accommodating NFV in
3GPP 5G Systems,” 2017 International Conference on Information and Communi-
cation Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 114–116, Oct 2017.
[88] C. Bouras, A. Kollia, and A. Papazois, “Teaching 5G Networks Using the ONOS
SDN Controller,” 2017 Ninth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future
Networks (ICUFN), pp. 312–317, July 2017.
50
TCP Accelerator
Web cache

10. Activities at ICT Lab, Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações,
Brazil
! HIBRID TERRESTRIAL/SATELLITE 5G ARCHITECTURE
! FUNDED BY SINDISAT - SINDICATO NACIONAL DAS EMPRESAS DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES
POR SATÉLITE.
! CONTRIBUTING TO 5G BRASIL PROJECT PRE-STANDARDIZATION COMMITTEE.

11. Activities at ICT Lab, Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações,
Brazil
! HIBRID TERRESTRIAL/SATELLITE 5G ARCHITECTURE
! OBJECTIVES:
! REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE SATELLITE CONNECTION TO SERVICE THE 5G NETWORKS
WITHIN THE CONTEXT EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES.
! STUDY OF TERRESTRIAL-SATELLITE INTEROPERABILITY TO SERVICE THE 5G NETWORKS.
! MODELING OF SATELLITE NETWORKS IN THE GEO AND NGEO CONCEPTS IN THE CONTEXT
OF THE PROPOSED TECHNOLOGIES.
! PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-SATELLITE SCENARIO IN THE CONTEXT OF
EMERGING TECHS ACCORDING TO THE MODELS AND SCENARIOS DEVELOPED.
! CONSIDERATIONS ON SDN, NFV, CDN, ICN AND IDN IN 5G HYBRID TERRESTRIAL-SATELLITE
NETWORKS.

12. Activities at ICT Lab, Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações,
Brazil
! EVALUATION
SCENARIO
! WHAT IS THE
PERFORMANCE
OF SDN, NFV,
CDN/ICN, AND IOT
TECHNOLOGIES IN
HIBRID
TERRESTRIAL/
SATELLITE 5G?

13. What is missing in SDN for 5G?
! “SEMANTIC RICH” HARDWARE EXPOSITION
! WHILE VIRTUALIZATION HAS RECEIVED A LOT OF ATTENTION, EXPOSITION HAS NOT.
! COMPREHENSIVE EXPOSITION OF HARDWARE CAPABILITIES VIA DIGITAL TWINS.
! DYNAMIC SWAPPING OF PROGRAMMABLE FORWARD/ROUTING AND
INTERFACING TO CONTROL SOFTWARE
! EXAMPLES: P4 AND OTHER SIMILAR APPROACHES.
! PROGRAMMABLE MULTIPLE CONNECTIVITY AND MIGRATION PATHS
! TERRESTRIAL AND SATELLITE FOR 4G/5G.

14. What is missing in NFV for 5G?
! BOTTOM-UP AUTONOMIC COMPOSE-ABILITY AND OPERATION
! SEMANTIC AND AUTONOMIC INVOCATION OF VIRTUAL NETWORK FUNCTIONS.
! SERVICE GRAPH BASED ON DIGITAL TWINS.
! MACHINE LEARNING FOR SELF-DRIVEN ARCHITECTURE.
! BLOCKCHAIN AND SMART CONTRACTS
! DETERMINISTIC EXECUTION OF VNFS AND MICROPAYMENTS.
! IMMUTABLE REGISTRATION OF IMPORTANT INFORMATION.
! SERVICE-CENTRIC CHAINING
! UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION OF SERVICES DECOUPLED FROM LOCATORS.

15. What is missing in ICN for 5G?
! NAME-BASED CACHING/FETCHING/FORWARDING/ROUTING
! EVERYTHING DIRECTLY ON CONTENT NAMES.
! SDN/ICN INTEGRATION WITH NAME RESOLUTION
! GLOBAL RESOLUTION OF UNKNOWN NAMES.
! SDN-BASED ICN.
! AUTONOMIC CONTENT DISTRIBUTION
! SELF-DRIVEN, OPPORTUNISTIC, HIBRID TERRESTRIAL/SATELLITE
CONTENT DISTRIBUTION.

16. A Final Idea
! FRACTAL DISRUPTION
! WE ARE LIVING IN AN AGE OF DISRUPTIONS OF DISRUPTIONS.
! WE ARE EXPERIENCING BACK-PROPAGATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES
TO LEGACY ONES.
! WE NEED TO THINK IN CO-EXISTENCE OF MANY GENERATIONS,
MULTIPLE MIGRATION PATHS AND SYNERGIES AMONG THEM.
! RETURN OF INVESTMENT DEPENDS ON TAKING ADVANTAGE OF ALL.

17. © Antônio M. Alberti 2014
ANTÔNIO MARCOS ALBERTI
+55 35 99738 1169
HTTPS://WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/
ANTONIO.MARCOS.ALBERTI
THANK YOU!