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Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
Which	
  IP	
  address	
  should	
  be	
  used	
  to	
  
implement	
  IoT/M2M	
  services?	
  
Tomohiro	
  Fujisaki	
  
Nippon	
  Telegraph	
  and	
  Telephone	
  CorporaIon	
  
2	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
IntroducIon	
  
Internet	
  of	
  Things	
  (IoT)	
  has	
  become	
  popular	
  
discussion	
  topics.	
  
•  Many	
  IoT	
  services	
  have	
  been	
  started.	
  
•  Many	
  IoT	
  related	
  consorIums	
  have	
  been	
  
established	
  and	
  started	
  to	
  discuss	
  many	
  aspects	
  
of	
  IoT.	
  
•  Business,	
  plaOorm,	
  security	
  and	
  so	
  on.	
  
To	
  implement	
  IoT	
  services,	
  “addressing”	
  could	
  
be	
  one	
  important	
  consideraIon	
  point.	
  
3	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
Addressing	
  in	
  IoT	
  
AssumpIon:	
  
Target	
  of	
  this	
  discussion	
  is	
  addressing	
  for	
  IoT/
M2M	
  services	
  with	
  IPv6.	
  
•  Those	
  of	
  IPv4	
  will	
  use	
  IPv4	
  private	
  address.	
  
4	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
IoT/M2M	
  service	
  network	
  
‘Addressing’	
  depends	
  on	
  the	
  network	
  structure.	
  
Type	
  IoT	
  service	
  network:	
  
1.  Non	
  dedicated	
  network	
  
•  “Things”	
  connect	
  to	
  users’	
  network	
  
2.  Dedicated	
  network	
  connected	
  to	
  the	
  Internet	
  
3.  IoT	
  dedicated	
  closed	
  network	
  
4.  Non-­‐IP	
  network	
  with	
  IP	
  gateway,	
  etc.	
  
5	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
1.	
  Non	
  dedicated	
  network	
  
Internet	
IoT	
  devices	
  
6	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
2.	
  Dedicated	
  network	
  connected	
  to	
  the	
  Internet	
  
IPv6	
  capable	
  IoT	
  device	
  
Internet
7	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
IoT	
  dedicated	
  closed	
  network	
  
8	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
Non-­‐IP	
  network	
  with	
  IP	
  gateway	
  
Non	
  IP	
  device	
  
Internet	
IP	
  gateway	
  
CURRENT	
  IPV6	
  POLICY	
  
10	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
Current	
  IPv6	
  allocaIon	
  policy	
  
AllocaIon	
  criteria	
  
To	
  qualify	
  for	
  an	
  iniIal	
  allocaIon	
  of	
  IPv6	
  address	
  space,	
  an	
  
organizaIon	
  must:	
  	
  
1.	
  Be	
  an	
  LIR	
  	
  
2.	
  Not	
  be	
  an	
  end	
  site	
  
3.	
  Plan	
  to	
  provide	
  IPv6	
  connecIvity	
  to	
  organizaIons	
  to	
  which	
  
it	
  will	
  make	
  assignments.	
  	
  
4.	
  Meet	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  two	
  following	
  criteria:	
  	
  
•  Have	
  a	
  plan	
  for	
  making	
  at	
  least	
  200	
  assignments	
  to	
  other	
  
organizaIons	
  within	
  two	
  years,	
  or	
  	
  
•  Be	
  an	
  exisIng	
  LIR	
  with	
  IPv4	
  allocaIons	
  from	
  APNIC	
  or	
  an	
  
NIR,	
  which	
  will	
  make	
  IPv6	
  assignments	
  or	
  sub-­‐allocaIons	
  
to	
  other	
  organizaIons	
  and	
  announce	
  the	
  allocaIon	
  in	
  the	
  
inter-­‐	
  domain	
  rouIng	
  system	
  within	
  two	
  years.	
  
11	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
Current	
  IPv6	
  assignment	
  policy	
  
Assignment	
  criteria	
  
To	
  qualify	
  for	
  an	
  IPv6	
  assignment	
  from	
  APNIC,	
  
requestors	
  must	
  demonstrate	
  their	
  eligibility	
  
under	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  following	
  four	
  criteria;	
  	
  
-­‐ IPv6	
  for	
  mulIhoming	
  	
  
-­‐ IPv6	
  for	
  criIcal	
  infrastructure	
  	
  
-­‐ IPv6	
  for	
  Internet	
  Exchange	
  Points	
  
-­‐ Provider	
  Independent	
  IPv6	
  assignment	
  
12	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
Current	
  IPv6	
  policy	
  
10.1.4.	
  Provider	
  Independent	
  IPv6	
  assignment	
  
Requests	
  for	
  Provider	
  Independent	
  assignments	
  must	
  
include	
  a	
  detailed	
  plan	
  of	
  intended	
  usage	
  of	
  the	
  
proposed	
  address	
  block	
  over	
  at	
  least	
  the	
  12	
  months	
  
following	
  the	
  allocaIon.	
  	
  
10.1.4.1.	
  IniIal	
  assignment	
  
OrganizaIons	
  are	
  eligible	
  for	
  an	
  IPv6	
  Provider	
  
Independent	
  delegaIon	
  if	
  they	
  are	
  able	
  to	
  demonstrate	
  
a	
  valid	
  reason	
  that	
  an	
  assignment	
  from	
  their	
  ISP,	
  or	
  LIR,	
  
is	
  not	
  suitable.	
  For	
  guidelines	
  on	
  what	
  will	
  be	
  considered	
  
a	
  valid	
  technical	
  or	
  other	
  reason,	
  see	
  "APNIC	
  guidelines	
  
for	
  IPv6	
  allocaIon	
  and	
  assignment	
  requests".	
  	
  
hep://www.apnic.net/ipv6-­‐guidelines	
  
13	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
1.	
  Non	
  dedicated	
  network	
  
Internet	
IoT	
  devices	
  
ISP	
  assigns	
  
2001:db8:1000::/56	
  
Use	
  assigned	
  IPv6	
  address	
  	
  
2001:db8:1000:ffff::/128	
  
14	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
2.	
  Dedicated	
  network	
  connected	
  to	
  the	
  Internet	
  
IPv6	
  capable	
  IoT	
  device	
  
Internet	
•  It’s	
  OK	
  if	
  using	
  ISP’s	
  address	
  
and	
  connecIvity	
  .	
  
•  Can	
  IoT	
  service	
  provider	
  
obtain	
  address	
  space?	
  
15	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
3.	
  IoT	
  dedicated	
  closed	
  network	
  
•  Which	
  address	
  should	
  be	
  used?	
  
•  PI	
  address?	
  
•  ULA	
  address?	
  (ULA-­‐C	
  suitable?)	
  
16	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
4.	
  Non-­‐IP	
  network	
  with	
  IP	
  gateway	
  
Non	
  IP	
  device	
  
Internet	
IP	
  gateway	
  
•  Which	
  address	
  should	
  be	
  
used?	
  
•  How	
  much	
  address	
  size	
  should	
  
be	
  assigned?	
  
17	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
Summary:	
  addressing	
  of	
  IoT/M2M	
  service	
  network	
  
‘Addressing’	
  depends	
  on	
  the	
  network	
  structure.	
  
Type	
  IoT	
  service	
  network:	
  
1.  Non	
  dedicated	
  network	
  
•  “Things”	
  connect	
  to	
  users’	
  network	
  
2.  Dedicated	
  network	
  connected	
  to	
  the	
  Internet	
  
•  Can	
  “IoT	
  service	
  providers”	
  obtain	
  IPv6	
  address?	
  
3.  IoT	
  dedicated	
  closed	
  network	
  
•  PI?	
  ULA?	
  ULA-­‐C	
  will	
  be	
  beeer?	
  
4.  Non-­‐IP	
  network	
  with	
  IP	
  gateway,	
  etc.	
  
OK	
  
OK?	
  
?	
  
?	
  
18	
Copyright©2015	
  	
  NTT	
  corp.	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
Discussion	
  
Are	
  there	
  any	
  cases	
  where	
  current	
  IPv6	
  address	
  
policy	
  cannot	
  cover?	
  
•  Other	
  type	
  of	
  IoT	
  network?	
  
•  Need	
  policy	
  change?	
  
Which	
  address	
  should	
  be	
  used	
  in	
  ‘closed	
  IoT’	
  
network?	
  
•  Possible	
  to	
  assign	
  global	
  PI	
  address?	
  
•  ‘ULA	
  Central’	
  ?	
  

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Which IP address should be used to implement IoT/M2M services?

  • 1. Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. Which  IP  address  should  be  used  to   implement  IoT/M2M  services?   Tomohiro  Fujisaki   Nippon  Telegraph  and  Telephone  CorporaIon  
  • 2. 2 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. IntroducIon   Internet  of  Things  (IoT)  has  become  popular   discussion  topics.   •  Many  IoT  services  have  been  started.   •  Many  IoT  related  consorIums  have  been   established  and  started  to  discuss  many  aspects   of  IoT.   •  Business,  plaOorm,  security  and  so  on.   To  implement  IoT  services,  “addressing”  could   be  one  important  consideraIon  point.  
  • 3. 3 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. Addressing  in  IoT   AssumpIon:   Target  of  this  discussion  is  addressing  for  IoT/ M2M  services  with  IPv6.   •  Those  of  IPv4  will  use  IPv4  private  address.  
  • 4. 4 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. IoT/M2M  service  network   ‘Addressing’  depends  on  the  network  structure.   Type  IoT  service  network:   1.  Non  dedicated  network   •  “Things”  connect  to  users’  network   2.  Dedicated  network  connected  to  the  Internet   3.  IoT  dedicated  closed  network   4.  Non-­‐IP  network  with  IP  gateway,  etc.  
  • 5. 5 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. 1.  Non  dedicated  network   Internet IoT  devices  
  • 6. 6 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. 2.  Dedicated  network  connected  to  the  Internet   IPv6  capable  IoT  device   Internet
  • 7. 7 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. IoT  dedicated  closed  network  
  • 8. 8 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. Non-­‐IP  network  with  IP  gateway   Non  IP  device   Internet IP  gateway  
  • 10. 10 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. Current  IPv6  allocaIon  policy   AllocaIon  criteria   To  qualify  for  an  iniIal  allocaIon  of  IPv6  address  space,  an   organizaIon  must:     1.  Be  an  LIR     2.  Not  be  an  end  site   3.  Plan  to  provide  IPv6  connecIvity  to  organizaIons  to  which   it  will  make  assignments.     4.  Meet  one  of  the  two  following  criteria:     •  Have  a  plan  for  making  at  least  200  assignments  to  other   organizaIons  within  two  years,  or     •  Be  an  exisIng  LIR  with  IPv4  allocaIons  from  APNIC  or  an   NIR,  which  will  make  IPv6  assignments  or  sub-­‐allocaIons   to  other  organizaIons  and  announce  the  allocaIon  in  the   inter-­‐  domain  rouIng  system  within  two  years.  
  • 11. 11 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. Current  IPv6  assignment  policy   Assignment  criteria   To  qualify  for  an  IPv6  assignment  from  APNIC,   requestors  must  demonstrate  their  eligibility   under  one  of  the  following  four  criteria;     -­‐ IPv6  for  mulIhoming     -­‐ IPv6  for  criIcal  infrastructure     -­‐ IPv6  for  Internet  Exchange  Points   -­‐ Provider  Independent  IPv6  assignment  
  • 12. 12 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. Current  IPv6  policy   10.1.4.  Provider  Independent  IPv6  assignment   Requests  for  Provider  Independent  assignments  must   include  a  detailed  plan  of  intended  usage  of  the   proposed  address  block  over  at  least  the  12  months   following  the  allocaIon.     10.1.4.1.  IniIal  assignment   OrganizaIons  are  eligible  for  an  IPv6  Provider   Independent  delegaIon  if  they  are  able  to  demonstrate   a  valid  reason  that  an  assignment  from  their  ISP,  or  LIR,   is  not  suitable.  For  guidelines  on  what  will  be  considered   a  valid  technical  or  other  reason,  see  "APNIC  guidelines   for  IPv6  allocaIon  and  assignment  requests".     hep://www.apnic.net/ipv6-­‐guidelines  
  • 13. 13 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. 1.  Non  dedicated  network   Internet IoT  devices   ISP  assigns   2001:db8:1000::/56   Use  assigned  IPv6  address     2001:db8:1000:ffff::/128  
  • 14. 14 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. 2.  Dedicated  network  connected  to  the  Internet   IPv6  capable  IoT  device   Internet •  It’s  OK  if  using  ISP’s  address   and  connecIvity  .   •  Can  IoT  service  provider   obtain  address  space?  
  • 15. 15 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. 3.  IoT  dedicated  closed  network   •  Which  address  should  be  used?   •  PI  address?   •  ULA  address?  (ULA-­‐C  suitable?)  
  • 16. 16 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. 4.  Non-­‐IP  network  with  IP  gateway   Non  IP  device   Internet IP  gateway   •  Which  address  should  be   used?   •  How  much  address  size  should   be  assigned?  
  • 17. 17 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. Summary:  addressing  of  IoT/M2M  service  network   ‘Addressing’  depends  on  the  network  structure.   Type  IoT  service  network:   1.  Non  dedicated  network   •  “Things”  connect  to  users’  network   2.  Dedicated  network  connected  to  the  Internet   •  Can  “IoT  service  providers”  obtain  IPv6  address?   3.  IoT  dedicated  closed  network   •  PI?  ULA?  ULA-­‐C  will  be  beeer?   4.  Non-­‐IP  network  with  IP  gateway,  etc.   OK   OK?   ?   ?  
  • 18. 18 Copyright©2015    NTT  corp.  All  Rights  Reserved. Discussion   Are  there  any  cases  where  current  IPv6  address   policy  cannot  cover?   •  Other  type  of  IoT  network?   •  Need  policy  change?   Which  address  should  be  used  in  ‘closed  IoT’   network?   •  Possible  to  assign  global  PI  address?   •  ‘ULA  Central’  ?