1. Cell & Molecular
Biology

2. Basic
Chemistry

3. Chapter 2

4. Chapter 2

7. Atoms

9. The smallest
constituent of matter that
has chemical properties.

10. Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

12. Atomic Number

13. Atomic Weight

15. Figure 2-7 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

28. Figure 2-7 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

29. Chemical
Bonds

30. The Octet Rule

33. Na?Cl?
H?O?
K?O? Mg?Cl?
Mg?Br?
C?O?
C?S? Ca?
Cl?

36. NaCl
H2O
K2O MgCl2
MgBr2
CO2 / CO
CS2
CaCl2

37. Ionic Bonds

38. Figure 2-8 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

39. Ionic Compounds
or Salts

40. Covalent Bonds

41. Figure 2-10 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

43. Molecules

44. Figure 2-11 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

45. Polar Covalent Bonds

46. Figure 2-12 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

47. Hydrogen Bonds

51. Hydrophilic
Molecules

53. Hydrophobic
Molecules

58. Electrostatic
Interactions

59. Figure 2-13 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

60. Hydrogen Bonds

61. A hydrogen bond is the attractive
interaction of a hydrogen atom with an
electronegative atom, such as nitrogen,
oxygen or fluorine, that comes from
another molecule or chemical group.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Hydrogen_bond

64. Acids and Bases

65. 2H2O OH- + H3 O +
Water Hydroxide Hydronium Ion

66. pH

67. pH = -log [H+]

68. Pure Water
[H+] = 0.0000001 M
= 10 -7 M
pH = 7

69. M = moles / liter
1 mole = 6.022 x 1023
atoms or molecules

70. Lemon Juice
[H+] = 0.01 M
= 10 -2 M
pH = 2

72. Figure 2-14 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

73. Biological
Macromolecules

74. Functional Groups

78. Polysaccharides

80. Figure 2-16 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

81. Monosaccharides

82. Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

83. Disaccharides

84. Figure 2-17 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

86. Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

88. energy storage
in plants
Starch
{ amylose
amylopectin

89. energy storage
in animals
Glycogen

90. structure
for plants
Cellulose

91. structure
in animals
Chitin

92. Lipids

93. Figure 2-18 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

95. Figure 2-19 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

99. Figure 2-20 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

100. Nucleic Acids

101. Nucleotides

105. Proteins

107. Figure 2-21 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

109. Figure 2-22 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)