Made by Arfan M.Afzal M.com Student of Punjab University Gujranwala Campus.. it will help to you make easy for analyse the health system in pakistan

2. Arfan M. Afzal
University of the Punjab Gujranwala
Campus

4. CONTENTS
OVER VIEW
HEALTH SYSTEM
PROBLEMS OF HEALTH
MAJOR DISEASES
TREATMENTS OF DISEASES
CONCLUSION

5. Overview Of Health Sector
Overview Of Health Sector

6. Definition
The World Health Organization defines a health
system as “all the activities whose primary
purpose is to promote, restore, or maintain
health.

7. Overview of health system
In the entire span of human history, it is only during last 40 years that life
expectancy has improved.
• life
expectancy
was 40 years
1950
• life expectancy
had increased
to 63 years
1990

8. Children died before their 5th birthday
•18 out of 100
children
1990
•28 out of 100
children
1950
Smallpox (1950)
•Killed more than 5 million
annually.
•Now eradicated.
Vaccines
•Reduced measles and polio.
•Reduced economic burden (by
unhealthy workers and sick
children)

9. Despite these remarkable improvements,
enormous health problems still exist
In developing
countries:
•Child mortality
rates are 10 times
higher than
developed
countries.
•Average Maternal
mortality ratios are
30 times higher
than developed
countries.
In poor countries:
•11 million fewer children
would die each year.
•Almost half of these
preventable deaths are a
result of diarrhoeal and
respiratory illnesses.
In addition every year 7
million adults die of
conditions which could be
curd, T.B, alone causes 2
million of these deaths.

10. New Health Challenges
•In 2000,
Acquired
immune
Deficiency
Syndrome
(AIDS) is rise to
more than 1.8
million deaths
annually, which
reduce mortality.
•In November 2002,
severe Acute
Respiratory
Syndrome(SARS)
spread in China, but
fortunately Pakistan
remained safe.
•Pakistan helps Chinese
in developing an anti-
SARS vaccine.

11. Malaria parasite’s
increased nearly 2
million deaths a year
within a decade.
Tobacco related deaths
from Heart disease &
Cancers to 2 million a
year in 1st decade of
this century.
New Health Challenges
If present smoking patterns continue, the number
of smokers will increase to more than 12 million a
year in 2nd quarter of this century.

13. HEALTH SYSTEM .
A health system
consists of all the
and
whose
primary purpose
is to improve
health.
D
E
F
I
N
I
T
I
O
N

14. Federal Govt
Provincial Govt
Responsible for planning
and formulating national
health policies.
Although the responsibility for
implementation rests largely
with the provincial government.
Ministry of Health Provincial Health Dept.

15. HEALTH SYSTEM IN
PAKISTAN.
COMPLEX MIXED HEALTH SYSTEM.
Publicly financed govt health system.
Fee-levying private health sector.

16. TYPESOF HEALTHSYSTEM.
1.PUBLIC
2 .PRIVATE

17. People take health care
20% from
public
80% from
private
Expenditure on health
2.5% of
GDP(2011)
0.7% on
public 1.8% on
private
HEALTH SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN.

18. FOUR TIRES OF PUBLIC SECTOR
2. primary care
facilities
1 . Outreach and
community-based
services
which focus on
immunization, sanitation,
malaria control, maternal
and child health and family
planning.
include Basic Health Units
(BHUs) and Rural Health
centres (RHCs) mainly
preventive, outpatient and
basic inpatient care.

19. 3. Secondary
health care
facilities
4. Tertiary care
facilities
hospitals located in the
major cities for more
specialized inpatient care
FOUR TIRES OF PUBLIC SECTOR

20. HEALTH SYSTEM IN
PAKISTAN.
The private sector in Pakistan is varied with no
defined structure and weak regulation exists
in this sector.
 The private sector is primarily a fee-for-
service system.

21. 1. Regular hospitals
2. Nursing homes/centers.
3. Clinics.
4. Informal structures.
(kuryana stores)
1. NGO,s 1800
(Ayurvedic ,Unani ,Homeopathic)
Facilities Provided By Private
Sector.

22. 1) Qualified MBBS, Specialists.
2) Semi-qualified (LHV,s,LHW,s)
3) Non qualified (Dispensers, Peons
etc)
1) Homeopaths.
2) Hakims.
3) Pehlwans.
4) Acupuncturists.
Facilities
Provided………..

23. Pakistan International Airlines Corporation.
Pakistan Railways.
 Employees’ social security benefit
organization.
Water and Power Development Authority
(WAPDA).
Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal.
Others:
Pakistan Telecommunication,
Fauji Foundation,
 Armed Forces Institutions, etc

24. Health facilities in Pakistan
Total Health Facilities 13,937 103,708 beds
Hospitals 968 84,257 beds
Dispensaries 4,813 2,845 beds
Rural health centers 572 9,612 beds
Tuberculosis clinic 293 184 beds
Basic health units 5,345 6,555 beds
M.C.H. centers 906 256 beds
HEALTH SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN.

25. Amina Fayyaz
BC11034

26. Problems in Pakistan health system
Pakistan’s health sector is
• inadequate
• underfunded
• focused on urban areas
– With the rapid population growth, the facilities
are not expanding proportionally and as desired.

27. Problems in Pakistan health system
Major problems are :
• Inadequate funding
• Lack of health facilities in rural areas
• Unemployed doctors
• Acute shortage of doctors & trained medical
personnel
• Brain drain' of medical graduates
• Increasing prices of medicines
• Circulation of fake medicines

28. Inadequate funding
• Pakistan spends less than 1 % of its GDP on health
sector which is one of the lowest in the world.
• Resulting in limited allocations for personnel,
equipment and infrastructure in health sector.

29. Lack of health facilities in rural areas
• Most of health facilities and medical
personnel e.g. ( 85% of practicing doctors ) are
found in urban areas
– Because of
• Discrimination against rural inhabitants
• Since dominant classes live in cities the best facilities
are also located there.

30. Increasing prices
In such scenario where from food to petrol
everywhere fire of inflation has engulfed the poor
man
• Those with money can afford the health facilities
but the poor face many hurdles
• People living in poverty _ 62 million
• households unable to meet health care expenses_
30%

31. Acute shortage of doctors
• Around 5000 doctors are
coming every year in the field.
(PMDC)
• A sizeable number of women
graduates are not practicing.
• shortage of 182000 doctors
• Ratio of doctors to nurses is 3:1
– international standards 1:3
(WHO)
• In governmental hospitals
– each doctor examines more than
100 patients daily
– international standard are 25.

32. Brain drain of medical graduates
• 1,700 physicians per year
are lost from the pool of
practicing physicians
• Because of
– lack of security,
– poor remuneration,
– limited resources of
professional development
and
– overall discouragement of
health profession in Pakistan

33. Circulation of fake medicines
A latest World
Health
Organization
(WHO) report
has revealed
that around 30-
40% medicines
are fake on
Pakistani
Medical Stores.

34. Circulationof fake
medicines
• Fake medicines are available
for cure of from Flu to cancer.
• Pakistan has
– 4,000 registered pharmacists
– and 25 times more merchants
dispensing medicines illegally
• A large amount of these false
medicines are producing in
Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi
and Multan.

35. Major Diseases in Pakistan
Kidney Diseases
Cancer
Diabetes
Hepatitis A,B,C
High Blood Pressure
Malaria
Cholera
Influenza
Eye Infection
Heart Attack
Depression
Asthma
Jaundice

36. What is heart attack?
A heart attack is the damage and death of heart
muscle from the sudden blockage of a coronary
artery by a blood clot.
Cholesterol plaques cause
hardening of the arterial walls and
narrowing of the inner channel
(lumen) of the artery. Arteries that
are narrowed by atherosclerosis
cannot deliver enough blood to
maintain normal function of the
parts of the body they supply.
Causes :

37. Chest pain
Jaw pain, toothache
,headache
Shortness of breath
Nausea , Vomiting
Sweating
Heartburn
Arm pain
Symptoms :

38. What is hepatitis C infection?
Hepatitis C infection is an infection of the liver caused by
the hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Reasons:
Blood transfusion
Organ transplant
Sharing needles and other
equipment(such as cotton
,spoon and water)used to
inject illegal drugs.

39. About 75% of people have no symptoms
when they first acquire HCV infection.
Remaining 25% may complain of:-
Fatigue
Loss of Appetite
Muscle aches or Fever
Yellowing of skin or eyes(Jaundice)
Symptoms:
4.8% of
population

40. Kidney Diseases
when the kidneys become damaged, waste
products and fluid can build up in the body,
causing swelling in your ankles, vomiting,
weakness, poor sleep, and shortness of
breath.
Causes:
High blood pressure
High blood sugar
Kidney infection
Long use of medicines
Blocked renal artery

41. Oral Cancer
Cancer is defined as the uncontrollable growth of cells that invade
and cause damage to surrounding tissue. Oral cancer, which includes
cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft
palate, throat, can be life threatening if not diagnosed and treated
early.
Causes :
Excessive consumption of alcohol
Sun exposure , especially at a
young age.
Smoking
Family history of cancer

42. Symptoms of oral cancer
Swellings, rough spots or eroded
areas on the lips, gums, or other
areas inside the mouth
The development of velvety white,
red, or speckled(white and red)
patches in the mouth
Bleeding in the mouth
Ear pain
Dramatic weight loss.

43. High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (HBP) or hypertension means high pressure
(tension) in the arteries.
Causes of high blood pressure:
•age
•diet
•excessive alcohol consumption
•lack of exercise
•sleep apnea
•stress

44. Symptoms of high blood pressure
Headache
Vision Problem
Dizziness
Shortness of breath
 But most people with hypertension have no
symptoms, it is referred as “silent killer”

46. Treatment of heart
diseases
Treatments for heart disease
range from low-tech to high-
tech. Medical care is essential
once heart disease is diagnosed,
with the goals of stabilizing the
condition immediately,
controlling symptoms over the
long term, and providing a cure
when possible.

47.  Heart Transplant
 Heart Bypass Surgery
 Valve Disease Treatment
 Angioplasty and Stents
 Implantable Cardioverter
Defibrillators (ICD)
 Pacemakers
 Ablation

48.  Angiotension II Receptor Blockers
 Antiplatelet Drugs
 Aspirin Therapy
 Beta-Blocker Therapy
 Calcium Channel Blocker Drugs
 Digoxin
 Antiarrhythmics

49.  Plant-Based Diet for Heart Health
 Finding Strength During Tough Times
 Recovery After Heart Surgery

50.  In Punjab especially in Lahore many people are
suffering from dengue fever. Medical science has
not any proper treatment for this fever except
Panadol, but natural cure is available to tackle this
disease. Here are some proven natural home
remedies to treat the fever.
 Fresh Juices
 Papaya Juice
 Tulsi (Basil Leaves)

51.  Fresh Juices
Pomegranate, orange, apple
and sweet lemon juices are
recommended by the doctors.
Add one lemon juice in apple
juice before in taking.
 Papaya juice
Papaya juice is much effective to
cure the fever and to increase the
platelets. To make papaya juice,
grind papaya leaves then add a
little amount of water in it and
strain.

52.  Tulsi (Basil Leaves)
 If you want to take tea, add basil leaves in tea
to give it herbal touch. Basil leaves have
properties to lower down the temperature of
body.

53. The main treatment for hepatitis C is to kill the virus that causes
the disease. A combination of two antiviral drugs — peginterferon
and ribavirin — is successful in eliminating the virus in as many
as half those treated.

54.  For years, the standard hepatitis C treatment was a
combination of injected interferon alpha and the oral
antiviral drug ribavirin A combination form of these
drugs is also available, called Rebetron.
 More recently, another form of interferon --
peginterferon, or pegylated interfero-has become the
standard of care. Interferon is a man-made version of
certain natural proteins that fight viruses .

55. Kidney disease is :
• progressive disease, which means that the damage
in the kidneys tends to be permanent and can't be
undone. So it is important to identify kidney disease
early.
• Medications, especially drugs that control diabetes
and high blood pressure, can sometimes help slow
the progress of chronic kidney disease.

56.  Lose weight
 Eat plenty of whole grains
 Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables
 Dairy up.
 Limit meat, fish, and poultry to two servings a day
 Go nuts.
 Limit fats and oil to two to three servings per day
 Hold the salt.
 Get off the couch
 Drink in moderation
Top10 ways to reduce the
high blood pressure

57.  Several types of medicine are used to treat
high blood pressure. Your health care
provider will decide which type of medicine is
right for you. You may need to take more than
one blood pressure medicine.

58. Although the government has made efforts to improve the
health facilities , there is still more to be done.
According to Pakistan Economic Survey, the
infant morality rate per 1,000 live births was 82.
The life expectancy at birth was only 64 years.
The percentage of total population having access to safe
water was 65 percent & sanitation 23 percent .

59. The health care system in Pakistan comprises the public as
well as private health facilities.
 In Pakistan vast majority of doctors resides in urban area
and attracts the educated class towards private sector.
Utilization of public health care facility is not the main
priority of the educated class of the country.
According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan, the
government spent 0.75 percent of GDP on health sector in
order to make its population more healthy

60. To overcome the problems..
Government officials should pay
attention to make it more convenient for general public.
Poverty Reduction Strategy should be make.
 Widespread prevalence of communicable diseases should
Be reduced.

61. Private Sector should be Regulated
Deficiency of Health Education System should
reduced
Make National Health Policy (Health Sector Reform)
Greater gender equity should be promote.
 By correcting urban bias in health sector

62.  Required regulation in private medical sector should
introduced.
By Creating Mass Awareness in Public Health.
By Effecting Improvements in the Drug Sector
 Access to Health Care Services should be easy.

63.  Resources should reallocate and health
strategy should reformulate.
 low income people access to medical services is
the desired need of the time.
 professional/managerial deficiencies in the
district health system should remove.

64. The government should invest in nursing colleges to
overcome the limited human capital in the health
sector.
The private sector is playing a vital role in the
health care service delivery in Pakistan. However,
this sector needs to be regulated and monitored.