2. The Stages of Globalization
(From Thomas Friedman in The World is Flat)
Globalization 1.0 (from 1492 to 1800)
Globalization 2.0 (from 1800 to 2000)
Globalization 3.0 (from 2000 to the present)
8. Thomas Freidman’s Ten Flatteners
Fall of the Berlin Wall
Netscape goes public
Development of work-flow software
Uploading
Outsourcing
Offshoring
Supply Chaining
Insourcing
Informing
The Steriods
23. First Steroid: Computing (processing)
TO
Charles Babbage’s
Difference Engine
(1822)
Ultramobile personal
computer
24. Computing (continued – storage)
TO
First disk storage unit by IBM (1956)
Capacity: 5 megabytes
Size: Refrigerator
Sony Micro Vault Thumb Drive
Capacity: 2 gigabytes
29. Videoconferencing and Medicine
New Zealand used Polycom, a leading vendor of telepresence
systems, to provide a telemedicine application for children.
32. The Great Convergence
We are in a convergence of three powerful, technological
forces:
(1) Cheap and ubiquitous computing devices (2) Low-cost,
high bandwidth
(3) Open standards
33. The Great Convergence (continued)
In essence, we have computing everywhere and anywhere,
anytime and all the time, with access to limitless amounts of
information, services, and entertainment.
34. The Great Convergence (continued)
We have the creation of a global, Web-enabled playing field
that allows for multiple forms of collaboration – the sharing
of knowledge and work – in real time, without regard to
geography, distance, or, in the near future, even language.
The field now includes some 3 billion new people, formerly
digitally disenfranchised.
Globalization 1.0
* 1492 to 1800
* World went from large to medium-size
* All about countries and muscles
* Key agents of change: brawn and horsepower
Globalization 2.0
* 1800 to 2000
* World has shrunk from medium to small-size
* Key agent of change: multinational companies
* First half: global integration powered by falling transportation costs
(steam engine and railroad)
* Second half: global integration powered by falling telecommunications costs
(telephone, PC, satellites, fiber-optic cable)
Globalization 3.0
* 2000 – now
* World is now tiny (everyone is everyone else’s close neighbor)
* Competitive playing field is being leveled
* Key agent of change: software, in conjunction with the global fiber-optic network
* Enabling people to collaborate and compete globally
Christopher Columbus “discovering” the New World in 1492.
Global integration during the first half of Globalization 2.0 was driven by falling transportation
costs (for example, steam engine and the railroads).
Global integration during the second half of Globalization 2.0 was driven by falling communications
costs (e.g., satellites, fiber optics, the personal computer, and wireless smart phones).
Key agent of change: software, in conjunction with the global fiber-optic network enabling people to
collaborate and compete globally
We look at each flattener in the following slides.
This image is an interesting juxtaposition of the old assembly line (on the right) and the
integrated circuits of work-flow software (on the left).
Clicking on the Blogger, Wikipedia, or YouTube logos on this slide will take you to
their respective home pages.
Clicking on the Linux logo takes you to the “Linux Headquarters” home page.
The Mozilla Foundation has shifted its focus to its Firefox Web browser and Thunderbird e-mail package.
The SeaMonkey Project is a community effort to deliver production-quality releases of code derived from the application formerly known as "Mozilla Application Suite". The SeaMonkey Project has released its
“all-in-one” Internet application suite, which contains a Web browser, e-mail and newsgroup client,
IRC chat client, and HTML editing.
Digital: all analog content and processes are being digitized
Mobile: thanks to wireless technologies, computing, connecting, collaborating can be done anywhere
Virtual: the process of shaping, manipulating, and transmitting digitized content can be done at very high speeds, so that users do not have to think about these processes
Personal: Individuals can perform all these processes on their own computing devices
This slide shows a telepresence system.
A telepresence system is a sophisticated, high-bandwidth videoconferencing system with very large,
high-definition screens and directional microphones. The objective is to make participants feel that
they are in the same room.
The telemedicine link will show a video of the New Zealand application.
Clicking on the Polycom logo will take you to its homepage.
The cloud in this figure represents the Internet. Various companies’ data centers are connected to the Internet. When you make a query to Google, Yahoo, or Amazon (for example), your request travels over the Internet to one of their data centers. As many servers as are needed are brought to bear answering your query. The response is then sent back to you.
