4.
Ceramic tiles_ 80
micron thickness
Rectified tiles_ mix of
marble &granite powder,
glossy coating, easily
scratched
Vitrified tiles_strongest
tile ,not porous ,same texture
throughout
Hardwood tiles_have
polyurethane coating, wears
out easily.
Tiles
Types of tiles.
5.
Ordinary_general
Modified_moderate
High-early
strength_higher strength
construction like footpaths
sulphate resistance and heat
of hydration, used in
drainage systems, sea walls
soon after pouring, used in
cold weather construction
Low heat_low heat of
hydration, used in massive
structures like dams
Sulphate resistantfoundation in high sulphate
soils
Cement
3CaO.SiO2.1/2H20
Types of cement
15. Cost of materials (Rs.)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Tiles_
Ceramic – 20-40/sqft
Rectified – 35-45/sqft
Semi Vitrified – 65-100/sqft
Vitrified – 90-150/sqft
Paint_
Interior emulsion – 2.9-4.2/sqft
Exterior emulsion – 5.6/sqft
Texture – 4/sqft
Distemper – 2.6/sqft
Wood finish – 4.5/sqft
Enamel – 1.4/sqft
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
i.
ii.
i.
ii.
Wood_
Teak – 2600-3500/cft
Hardwood – 1500-2000/cft
Moulded – 2500/cft
Syntex – 1500/cft
Sheets_
Poly carbonate - 45-50/sqft
GI Marble_
Italian – 250-1500/sqft
Indian – 45-120/sqft
16. Cost of materials (Rs.)
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
Random rubble_
3500/unit
M Sand_
4600/unit
Sand_
15000/unit
Soil_
1500/unit
Metal_
2300/unit
Vinyl_
200/sqft
Wallpaper_
8-260/sqft
i.
i.
ii.
i.
i.
Brick_
6/pc
Granite_
Black – 200/sqft
Colored – 130/sqft
Cement_
350/bag(50Kg)
Steel_
45/Kg
17. Climatic conditions
Temperature – 20C-34C
Annual Rainfall – 3107 mm
Angle of Rain – 40*
Monsoon – June-Aug->SW//Sept-Dec->NE
Warm humid climate, thermal discomfort, high
precipitation
18. Traditional Architecture
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Traditionally Kerala has its architectural roots from
Buddhism which once prevailed in the area.
Temple architecture was incorporated into domestic
and public buildings.
The main features are_
Base model is normally square ,rectangular ,circular plain
shapes with ribbed roof evolved from functional consideration.
Long ,steep sloping roof which make the building look low rise.
Gable windows were used which provided for air circulation
and thermal control.
Detached buildings
Passive method of climate control
19.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
Plinth height is usually
450mm.
Extension of roof after base
is 750 to 900 acting as a
rain shade
Sothern wall in thekkinipura
and western wall of
vadakkinipura are 24cms
thicker than other walls.
Rooms_
North-Treasury
NE-Prayer room
East-Bathroom
SE-Kitchen
South-Bedroom
SW-Armory
NW-Cowshed
West-Drawing room
Plinth - stone
Wall - Laterite
Mortar – Lime ,Surkhy
Structural material-Bamboo ,teak
Walling - Clay, Lime
Roof - Timbre, clay tiles
20. Nalukettu….
4 Blocks – vadakkini, padinjattini, kizhakkini, thekkini
Padippura - Entry into compound
Poomukham - Portico
Chuttu Verandah – Verandah to either side of house from
Poomukham
Charupady-benches on the Chuttu verandah
Aambal Kulam-Pond
Nadumuttam-Central open courtyard
Puja-NE corner
Mural Paintings
Chithra Thoonu
21. Architecture today
In the present times Kerala has opened itself for
experiments in architecture sometimes mixing
traditional architecture with contemporary
architecture or using only contemporary
architecture.
But still a lot of its citizens prefer traditional
architecture to the modern one.Nalukettus are a
growing tradition among the keralites even in the
cities.
