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MEDIA AND INFORMATION
LITERACY (MIL)
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information (Part 3)
Plagiarism
Mr. Arniel Ping
St. Stephen’s High School
Manila, Philippines
MIL PPT 18
Updated: June 11, 2017
Learning Competencies
Learners will be able to…
• define plagiarism (SSHS);
• identify and explain the different types of plagiarism (SSHS);
• discuss the importance of understanding the different types
of plagiarism (SSHS);
• practice academic honesty and integrity by not committing
plagiarism (SSHS); and
• discuss and evaluate notable cases of plagiarism in the
Philippines (SSHS).
Topic Outline
I. Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and
Information
A. Plagiarism
1. Definitions
2. Types of Plagiarism
3. Use of Images, Videos, and Music
4. Preventing Plagiarism
B. Famous Cases of Plagiarism in the Philippines
VIDEO PRESENTATION
Plagiarism - Saturday Night Live
YouTube Channel: Saturday Night Live
Uploaded August 16, 2013,
Retrieved October 29, 2016 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDxN4c_CmpI
VIDEO PRESENTATION
Understanding Plagiarism
YouTube Channel: YSJ ADD
Uploaded January 22, 2013,
Retrieved October 29, 2016 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRJL82uhwyU
What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism
the act of using another person's words
or ideas without giving credit to that
person
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarism
The practice of taking someone else's
work or ideas and passing them off as
one's own.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/plagiarism
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
Retrieved on October 29, 2016 from
http://www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_
plagiarism.doc.
Note:
Document provided by Turnitin.com and Research Resources. Turnitin
allows free distribution and non-profit use of this document in
educational settings.
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
Sources Not Cited
The Ghost Writer
The Photocopy
The Potluck Paper
The Poor Disguise
The Labor of Laziness
The Self-stealer
Sources Cited
The Forgotten Footnote
Misinformer
The Too-perfect Paraphrase
The Resourceful Citer
The Perfect crime
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
1. “The Ghost Writer”
The writer turns in
another’s work,
word-for-word, as his
or her own.
Source: http://rainbowriting.com/ghostwriter-resume/
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
2. “The Photocopy”
 The writer copies
significant portions
of text straight from
a single source,
without alteration. Source:
http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/
photocopying-books-for-students-copyright-high-
court-3075857/
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
3. “The Potluck Paper”
The writer copies from
several different
sources, tweaking the
sentences to make them
fit together while
retaining most of the
original phrasing.
Source:
http://www.laweekly.com/restaurants/10-
potluck-etiquette-rules-2374604
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
4. “The Poor Disguise”
The writer has
altered the paper’s
appearance slightly
by changing key
words and phrases.
Source:
https://www.amazon.com/Accoutremen
ts-Fuzzy-Glasses-Classic-
Disguise/dp/B000JNS2ZS
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
5. “The Labor of Laziness”
The writer takes the
time to paraphrase
most of the paper from
other sources and make
it all fit together. Source:
https://heartofashepherd.com/2015/07/06/proverbs-69-
11-failing-to-instill-a-daily-discipline-of-study-and-labor-
in-your-child-allows-the-laziness-of-a-sluggard-to-
become-a-predictable-path-to-poverty-and-sorrow-2/
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
6. “The Self-Stealer”
The writer
“borrows”
generously from his
or her previous
work.
Source: http://com1010.library.wayne.edu/
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
1. “The Forgotten Footnote”
 The writer mentions an
author’s name for a
source, but neglects to
include specific
information on the
location of the material
referenced. Source:
http://drennank.wonecks.net/2011/08/12/forg
ot-to-register/
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
2. “The Misinformer”
The writer provides
inaccurate information
regarding the sources,
making it impossible to
find them.
Source: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pinocchio-
for-ipad-iphone/id422133774?mt=8
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
3. “The Too-Perfect
Paraphrase”
The writer properly cites
a source, but neglects to
put in quotation marks
on text that has been
copied word-for-word,
or close to it. Source: http://www.webslaw.com/how-to-craft-
the-perfect-lawyer-bio.php
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
4. “The Resourceful Citer”
The writer properly cites all
sources, paraphrasing and
using quotations
appropriately. The catch?
The paper contains almost
no original work!
Source:
http://w
ww.free
pik.com/
free-
photo/y
oung-
man-
holding-
many-
books_8
57159.ht
m
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
5. “The Perfect Crime”
The writer properly
quotes and cites sources
in some places, but goes
on to paraphrase other
arguments from those
sources without
citation. Source:
http://www.manilaspeak.com/commentary
/plagiarism%E2%80%95an-academic-crime
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC?
Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/
Source: https://www.sagaftra.org/musicvideos
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC?
Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/
Without receiving proper permission or providing
appropriate citation, the following are considered
plagiarism:
• Copying media (especially images) from other
websites to paste them into your own papers or
websites.
• Making a video using footage from others’ videos or
using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack.
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC?
Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/
Without receiving proper permission or providing
appropriate citation, the following are considered
plagiarism:
• Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e.,
playing a cover).
• Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily
from another composition.
Formative Assessment: Recitation
Questions
1. Why is plagiarism?
2. What are the different types of
plagiarism? Give an example.
3. Why is it important to
understand the different types
of plagiarism? Source: http://www.plagiarism.com/
Formative Assessment: Recitation
Questions
3. Why should you avoid
plagiarism?
4. How can you avoid
plagiarism?
Source: http://www.plagiarism.com/
Famous Cases of Plagiarism
in the Philippines
MVP in Hot Water Over ‘Plagiarized' Speech
ABS-CBN News
YouTube Channel: ABS-CBN News
Uploaded April 4, 2010,
Retrieved October 29, 2016 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRJL82uhwyU
Famous Cases of Plagiarism
in the Philippines
24Oras: Tito Sotto, Nanindigang Hindi
Siya Nag-plagiarize
YouTube Channel: GMA News and Public Affairs,
Uploaded Nov. 13, 2012,
Retrieved October 29, 2016 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZnkflY0L-c
Famous Cases of Plagiarism
in the Philippines
Saksi: Exclusive: UP Graduate Student na Nag-
plagiarize ng Litrato sa mga Contest, Nag-sorry
YouTube Channel: GMA News and Public Affairs
Uploaded September 24, 2013,
Retrieved October 29, 2016 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HptWz86Fve0
Formative Assessment: Recitation
Question
1. How was plagiarism
committed in these events?
2. How could have those
personalities avoid
plagiarism?
3. Why does plagiarism
matters? Source: http://www.plagiarism.com/
References
• Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan,
Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
• http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-
plagiarism/
• http://www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of
_plagiarism.doc
• https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skil
ls/plagiarism?wssl=1
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRJL82uhwyU

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Media and Information Literacy (MIL) 7. Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information (Part 3)- Plagiarism

  • 1. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY (MIL) Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information (Part 3) Plagiarism Mr. Arniel Ping St. Stephen’s High School Manila, Philippines MIL PPT 18 Updated: June 11, 2017
  • 2. Learning Competencies Learners will be able to… • define plagiarism (SSHS); • identify and explain the different types of plagiarism (SSHS); • discuss the importance of understanding the different types of plagiarism (SSHS); • practice academic honesty and integrity by not committing plagiarism (SSHS); and • discuss and evaluate notable cases of plagiarism in the Philippines (SSHS).
  • 3. Topic Outline I. Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information A. Plagiarism 1. Definitions 2. Types of Plagiarism 3. Use of Images, Videos, and Music 4. Preventing Plagiarism B. Famous Cases of Plagiarism in the Philippines
  • 4. VIDEO PRESENTATION Plagiarism - Saturday Night Live YouTube Channel: Saturday Night Live Uploaded August 16, 2013, Retrieved October 29, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDxN4c_CmpI
  • 5. VIDEO PRESENTATION Understanding Plagiarism YouTube Channel: YSJ ADD Uploaded January 22, 2013, Retrieved October 29, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRJL82uhwyU
  • 6. What is plagiarism? Plagiarism the act of using another person's words or ideas without giving credit to that person http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarism The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/plagiarism
  • 7. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM Retrieved on October 29, 2016 from http://www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_ plagiarism.doc. Note: Document provided by Turnitin.com and Research Resources. Turnitin allows free distribution and non-profit use of this document in educational settings.
  • 8. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM Sources Not Cited The Ghost Writer The Photocopy The Potluck Paper The Poor Disguise The Labor of Laziness The Self-stealer Sources Cited The Forgotten Footnote Misinformer The Too-perfect Paraphrase The Resourceful Citer The Perfect crime
  • 9. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 1. “The Ghost Writer” The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own. Source: http://rainbowriting.com/ghostwriter-resume/
  • 10. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 2. “The Photocopy”  The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without alteration. Source: http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/ photocopying-books-for-students-copyright-high- court-3075857/
  • 11. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 3. “The Potluck Paper” The writer copies from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing. Source: http://www.laweekly.com/restaurants/10- potluck-etiquette-rules-2374604
  • 12. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 4. “The Poor Disguise” The writer has altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases. Source: https://www.amazon.com/Accoutremen ts-Fuzzy-Glasses-Classic- Disguise/dp/B000JNS2ZS
  • 13. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 5. “The Labor of Laziness” The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together. Source: https://heartofashepherd.com/2015/07/06/proverbs-69- 11-failing-to-instill-a-daily-discipline-of-study-and-labor- in-your-child-allows-the-laziness-of-a-sluggard-to- become-a-predictable-path-to-poverty-and-sorrow-2/
  • 14. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 6. “The Self-Stealer” The writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work. Source: http://com1010.library.wayne.edu/
  • 15. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED) 1. “The Forgotten Footnote”  The writer mentions an author’s name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced. Source: http://drennank.wonecks.net/2011/08/12/forg ot-to-register/
  • 16. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED) 2. “The Misinformer” The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them. Source: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pinocchio- for-ipad-iphone/id422133774?mt=8
  • 17. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED) 3. “The Too-Perfect Paraphrase” The writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in quotation marks on text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it. Source: http://www.webslaw.com/how-to-craft- the-perfect-lawyer-bio.php
  • 18. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED) 4. “The Resourceful Citer” The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original work! Source: http://w ww.free pik.com/ free- photo/y oung- man- holding- many- books_8 57159.ht m
  • 19. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED) 5. “The Perfect Crime” The writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation. Source: http://www.manilaspeak.com/commentary /plagiarism%E2%80%95an-academic-crime
  • 20. WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/ Source: https://www.sagaftra.org/musicvideos
  • 21. WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/ Without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation, the following are considered plagiarism: • Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites. • Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack.
  • 22. WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/ Without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation, the following are considered plagiarism: • Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover). • Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition.
  • 23. Formative Assessment: Recitation Questions 1. Why is plagiarism? 2. What are the different types of plagiarism? Give an example. 3. Why is it important to understand the different types of plagiarism? Source: http://www.plagiarism.com/
  • 24. Formative Assessment: Recitation Questions 3. Why should you avoid plagiarism? 4. How can you avoid plagiarism? Source: http://www.plagiarism.com/
  • 25. Famous Cases of Plagiarism in the Philippines MVP in Hot Water Over ‘Plagiarized' Speech ABS-CBN News YouTube Channel: ABS-CBN News Uploaded April 4, 2010, Retrieved October 29, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRJL82uhwyU
  • 26. Famous Cases of Plagiarism in the Philippines 24Oras: Tito Sotto, Nanindigang Hindi Siya Nag-plagiarize YouTube Channel: GMA News and Public Affairs, Uploaded Nov. 13, 2012, Retrieved October 29, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZnkflY0L-c
  • 27. Famous Cases of Plagiarism in the Philippines Saksi: Exclusive: UP Graduate Student na Nag- plagiarize ng Litrato sa mga Contest, Nag-sorry YouTube Channel: GMA News and Public Affairs Uploaded September 24, 2013, Retrieved October 29, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HptWz86Fve0
  • 28. Formative Assessment: Recitation Question 1. How was plagiarism committed in these events? 2. How could have those personalities avoid plagiarism? 3. Why does plagiarism matters? Source: http://www.plagiarism.com/
  • 29. References • Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan, Diwa Learning Systems Inc. • http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is- plagiarism/ • http://www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of _plagiarism.doc • https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skil ls/plagiarism?wssl=1 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRJL82uhwyU

Editor's Notes

  1. Types of Plagiarism Anyone who has written or graded a paper knows that plagiarism is not always a black-and-white issue. The boundary between plagiarism and research is often unclear. Learning to recognize the various forms of plagiarism, especially the more ambiguous ones, is an important step in the fight to prevent it. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  2. Types of Plagiarism Anyone who has written or graded a paper knows that plagiarism is not always a black-and-white issue. The boundary between plagiarism and research is often unclear. Learning to recognize the various forms of plagiarism, especially the more ambiguous ones, is an important step in the fight to prevent it. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  3. 1. “The Ghost Writer” The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  4. 2. “The Photocopy” The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without alteration. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  5. 3. “The Potluck Paper” The writer tries to disguise plagiarism by copying from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  6. 4. “The Poor Disguise” Although the writer has retained the essential content of the source, he or she has altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  7. 5. “The Labor of Laziness” The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together, instead of spending the same effort on original work. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  8. 6. “The Self-Stealer” The writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work, violating policies concerning the expectation of originality adopted by most academic institutions. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  9. 1. “The Forgotten Footnote” The writer mentions an author’s name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced. This often masks other forms of plagiarism by obscuring source locations. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  10. 2. “The Misinformer” The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  11. 3. “The Too-Perfect Paraphrase” The writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in quotation marks text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it. Although attributing the basic ideas to the source, the writer is falsely claiming original presentation and interpretation of the information. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  12. 4. “The Resourceful Citer” The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original work! It is sometimes difficult to spot this form of plagiarism because it looks like any other well-researched document. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  13. 5. “The Perfect Crime” Well, we all know it doesn’t exist. In this case, the writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation. This way, the writer tries to pass off the paraphrased material as his or her own analysis of the cited material. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
  14. WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation is plagiarism. The following activities are very common in today’s society. Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism. -Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites. -Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack. -Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover). -Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition. Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be challenging to determine whether or not the copyrights of a work are being violated. For example: -A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph of a book cover to represent that book on one’s website) -Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the background. -Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example: shooting a photograph that uses the same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph) -Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example: making a painting that closely resembles another person’s photograph). -Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio, even if done so in an original way. The legality of these situations, and others, would be dependent upon the intent and context within which they are produced. The two safest approaches to take in regards to these situations is: 1) Avoid them altogether or 2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and cite them properly. Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/
  15. WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation is plagiarism. The following activities are very common in today’s society. Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism. -Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites. -Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack. -Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover). -Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition. Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be challenging to determine whether or not the copyrights of a work are being violated. For example: -A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph of a book cover to represent that book on one’s website) -Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the background. -Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example: shooting a photograph that uses the same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph) -Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example: making a painting that closely resembles another person’s photograph). -Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio, even if done so in an original way. The legality of these situations, and others, would be dependent upon the intent and context within which they are produced. The two safest approaches to take in regards to these situations is: 1) Avoid them altogether or 2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and cite them properly. Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/
  16. WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation is plagiarism. The following activities are very common in today’s society. Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism. -Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites. -Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack. -Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover). -Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition. Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be challenging to determine whether or not the copyrights of a work are being violated. For example: -A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph of a book cover to represent that book on one’s website) -Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the background. -Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example: shooting a photograph that uses the same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph) -Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example: making a painting that closely resembles another person’s photograph). -Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio, even if done so in an original way. The legality of these situations, and others, would be dependent upon the intent and context within which they are produced. The two safest approaches to take in regards to these situations is: 1) Avoid them altogether or 2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and cite them properly. Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/
  17. Why does plagiarism matters? Plagiarism is a breach of academic integrity. It is a principle of intellectual honesty that all members of the academic community should acknowledge their debt to the originators of the ideas, words, and data which form the basis for their own work. Passing off another’s work as your own is not only poor scholarship, but also means that you have failed to complete the learning process. Plagiarism is unethical and can have serious consequences for your future career; it also undermines the standards of your institution and of the degrees it issues. (Source: https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism?wssl=1)