2. CONCEPT MAP
• Nature
• Interaction
among groups
• Language
Socio-
historical
Context
3. Socio-historical Context
Lalawigan ng Palawan, is an island province of
the Philippines located in the Region 4. Its capital
is Puerto Princesa City, and it is the largest province in
the country in terms of total area of jurisdiction.
4. Geography of Palawan
Palawan is composed of the long and
narrow Palawan Island, plus a number of other
smaller islands surrounding the main island.
The Calamianes Group of Islands to the
Northeast consists of
5. Geography of Palawan
Durangan Island almost touches the
westernmost part of Palawan Island,
while Balabac Island is located off the
southern tip, separated from Borneo by
the Balabac Strait.
6. Geography of Palawan
In addition, Palawan covers the Cuyo
Islands in the Sulu Sea. The disputed Spratly
Islands, located a few hundred kilometers to
the west, are considered part of Palawan by
the Philippines, and is locally called the
Kalayaan Group of Islands.
7. Peoples of Palawan
Palawan, the largest province in
the Philippines, is home to
several indigenous ethnolinguistic groups:
1. Batak
- which means "mountain people" in Cuyonon is a group of
indigenous Filipino people that resides in the northeast portion
of Palawan. They live in the rugged interiors of northeastern
Palawan. Living close to nature, they are a peaceful and shy
people. These people believe in nature spirits, with whom they
communicate through a babaylan or medium.
8. Peoples of Palawan
2. Palaweños
- Native-born lowland dwellers
- They are religious, disciplined and have a highly developed
community spirit
- Language : Cuyonon & Agutaynen
3. Palawano
- also known as Pala'wan, is one of the unique indigenous
peoples of Palawan. They are part of the large Manobo-based
linguistic groups of southern Philippines. They traditionally
hunt using soars and bamboo blowguns.
- The Taaw't Bato means "people of the rock". They are not
actually a separate language or ethnic group, but rather a
small community of traditional southwestern Palawanos .
9. Peoples of Palawan
4. Tagbanwa
- or "people of the world," are found in central and northern
Palawan. They practice shifting cultivation of upland rice,
which is considered a divine gift, and are known for their rice
wine ritual called pagdiwata. Central Tagbanwas are found in
the western and eastern coastal areas of central Palawan.
They are concentrated in the municipalities of Aborlan,
Quezon, and Puerto Princesa.
10. CONCEPT MAP
• Nature
• Interaction
among groups
• Language
Socio-
historical
Context
Issues
• Cultural
Preservation
• Sustainable Eco-
Tourism
11. Issues
The struggle to save Palawan (known as the
Philippines’ Last Frontier) is not only about saving trees and
rare species. It is also about nourishing the Filipino cultural
heritage, so powerfully represented by those indigenous
communities that - after escaping Spanish and American
colonization (while resisting the new ‘mining imperialism’
now) - continue to represent the 'living roots' from which all
Filipinos originate. Therefore, environmental plundering by
mining companies is not only a crime against nature but it is
also a crime against culture, a sort of genocide that
annihilates the most profound roots of the Filipino's history
and ultimately plunders the cultural heritage of the whole
nation!
12. CONCEPT MAP
• Nature • Kulial
• Interaction • Epics
among groups • Instruments
• Language
Socio-
Musical
historical
Forms
Context
Issues
• Cultural
Preservation
• Sustainable Eco-
Tourism
14. Musical Forms
Bird songs, Kulial songs, Epics (i.e. Kudaman)
The Kudaman epic starts with a long narrated
prelude in a tale pattern (50 typewritten pages)
before the six to seven nights can develop. The
nights repeat the span of seven years that frames
the ritual of commemoration of the Master of Rice,
Tämwäy ät Ampuq ät Paräy.
18. CONCEPT MAP
• Nature • Kulial
• Interaction • Epics
among groups • Instruments
• Language
Socio-
Musical
historical
Forms
Context
Musical
Issues
Context
• Cultural • Music in Ritual
Preservation • Soundscape
• Sustainable Eco- • Creativity
Tourism
19. Musical Context
The subtle threads between Mankind and Nature
involve all our senses and more particularly our
auditive sensitivity. Capturing tonalities, rhythms, and
melodies, we can like a bird fly down from the celestial
vault to the Earth, dwelling-place of Highlander-
islanders known as the Palawan who live in the
southern part of the island by the same name. This
aural voyage will take us to the realm of words, poetry,
and music as human creations which the Palawan uses
to communicate in order to live harmoniously in this
world.
20. Music in Ritual
The shaman sings the difficult experience of the
voyage of his double, kuruduwa, by a specific chant,
the lumbaga, whose melody is in all points assimilable
to any epic melodic line. And it is precisely the ordeals
that the soul of the shaman overcomes in the course
of his voyage—the encounters with the Evil Doers,
Länggam or Säqitan, the discussions, the bargaining
engaged in with the Invisible Beings—that constitute
the shamanic chant.
21. Music in Ritual
• to sing tultul is to be possessed by a Täw Tultultulän. These
“Epic Heroes” are a type of humanity who live in the median space
and intercede between people on this earth and Ämpuq. They are a
Benevolent Humanity protecting the “Real Men.” The act of
chanting thus doubles with the embodiment, in the very person of
the bard, of these heroic and semi-divine Beings. One can interpret
this relationship as an act of possession in which the bard becomes
a medium.
• Epics are always chanted at night, ending at daybreak; it is
forbidden to sing when the sun shines and during the day. This
prohibition links the epic to the night and a sacred world. Moreover,
one would never chant for amusement in a light joking manner.
22. Music in Ritual
In the Central West highlands, is the Palawan
Island. One of the tribes in Palawan are the
TAGBANUAS. The Tagbanuas has retained their
ancient culture. The Calamianes Group of Islands who
elaborate funeral celebrations. Five days after
interment, the relatives goes to the homes of the
deceased to perform funeral rites.
Then the participants chant the Batac, a lengthy
song recounting the significant adventures of a
mythical person named DUMARACOL. Thesinging
goes on for three successive nights for evening till
dawn.
23. Comparative Glossary of Mindoro
and Palawan Music.
Voice Instruments
Mindoro:
Mindoro: Subing / Jew's harp
Igway / Song Gitgit / lute
Marayaw / Spirit song Agung / gong Bangsi / flute
Palawan:
Aruding / Jew's harp
Palawan: Kusyapiq / lute
Kulial / Song Basal / gong
Ulit / Spirit song Suling,
Babarak / flute
