Primary skin lesions include macules, papules, plaques, nodules, tumors, and wheals. Secondary lesions develop from primary lesions and include scales, crusts, excoriations, fissures, erosions, ulcers, and scars. Special lesions occur under certain conditions and include erythema, telangiectasia, purpura, petechiae, ecchymoses, vibices, and hematomas. The document provides detailed definitions and descriptions of these various skin lesions.

1. MORPHOLOGY OF SKIN LESIONS Dr. Riaz Uddin Ahmed MBBS, DDV, MCPS, FCPS Associate Professor of Dermatology Bangladesh Medical College

8. Vesicle Pustule Wheal Scale Erosion

9. Erythroderma Hypertrophic Scar

10. Keloid

11. Purpura

13. Tumors Tumors are soft or firm and freely movable or fixed masses of various sizes and shape. “A tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and un-coordinated with normal tissue and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of stimulus which evoked the change”. Wheals (Hives) wheals are evanescent, oedematous, flat elevations of various sizes. Vesicles (Latin “Little bladder”) vesicles are circumscribed epidermal elevations 1-10 mm in size and usually containing clear fluid. Bulloe (Latin-”Bubble”)- Bulloe are circumscribed or irregularly shaped cavity more than 10 mm in diameter containing serous or seropurulent fluid. Pusteules (Latin- Pustula-Pus)- pustules are small elevations of the skin containing pus

14. Secondary Lesions Scales : (Latin Squama-scales)- scales are dry or greasy laminated masses of keratin. Excoriations (Latin Abrasio)- an excoriation is a punctate or linear abrasion produced by mechanical means usually involving only the epidermis and rarely reaching the papillary layer of the dermis. Fissures (Latin- Cracks)- a fissure is a linear cleft through the epidermis or rarely into the dermis caused by disease or injury Erosions – loss of all or portion of epidermis alone Ulcers (Latin- Ulcus- “Sore”)- ulcers are rounded or irregularly shaped excavations that result from loss of epidermis and dermis. Crusts (Latin- crusta-bark)- crusts are dried serum, pus or blood, usually mixed with epithalial and bacterial debris. Scars ( )- scars are new formations in the dermis or deeper parts as a result of injury or disease, as a part of the normal reparative and healing process scar may be hypertrophic. Keloid (Latin- Cheloid-clawlike)- a keloid is a firm, irregularly shaped, thickened, hypertrophic, fibrous, pink or red excrescence.

15. Sponteneous improvement does not occur in Keloid In hypertrophic scar, there is sponteneous improvement within first six months Keloid extend and spread beyond the limits of the original injury Hypertrophic scar does not extend beyond the original wound There is claw-like projections present in Keloid Claw-like prejections absent Keloid Hypertropic Scar

16. Ulcer Scar Atrophy

18. SPECIAL LESIONS Erythema: erythema may be defined as redness of skin due to dilatation of blood vassals which may be localised or wide spread near the surface of the skin. Erythema multiforme: erythema multiforme is a mucocuteneous in which various types of skin reaction may occur from the same causative agents and conversely many causative agents may induce same cutaneous and mucous membrane reactions. Erythema nodosum: erythema nodosum is an inflammatory but non-suppurative condition of the skin characterized by erythematous, tender nodules, usually located over extensor aspects of lower limbs.

19. Erythroderma: erythroderma isa terminal condition of any inflammatory disorder which affects either universally or more than 90% body surface area characterised by erythema, oedema, scaling, thickening and itching chilliness caused by idiopathic, drug or secondary to some reactional process to an underlying systemic or cutaneous dermatosis. Telengiactasia: permanent dilatation of blood vassals is known as Telengietasia. Purpura: purpura may be defined as bleeding in the skin and mucous membrane from the capillary at the arterio-capillary junction which does not blanch on pressure and has progressive colour change. Petechiae - are superficial, pinhead sized (less than 3 mm), round, haemorrhagic macules, bright red at first then brwonwish or rust coloured.

20. Ecchymoses: siguify a deeper and extensive inter stitial haemorrhage, which forms a flat irregularly shaped, bluists-purplish patch. Vibices (singuler-vibex) are linear purpuric lesions. Haematoma: designates a pool-like collection of extravasated blood in a dead space in tissue that, if of sufficient size, produces swelling that fluctuates on palpation.