advances in resin composites dental material

1. Advances in Resin Composites
 Flowable
 Condensable
 Smart composites
 Minimal shrink
 Compomer
 Geomer
 Indirect composites
 Fiber-reinforced

2. Flowable composites

3. Regular composites ….. with
lower filler contents (≤ 60 wt%)
 The material flows readily
 Higher polymerization shrinkage
 Lower mechanical properties
 Higher wear rates
 Used only as
1. Cavity liners
2. Fissure sealants
3. To restore small class V cavities

4. Viscosity of flowable composites
REVOLUTION
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
SHEAR RATE [1/s]
APPARENTVISCOSITY
[Pa.s]
Material Fillercontent
(mass%)
HenrySchein 41
Starflow 61
Revolution 60
Florestore 50
HENRY SCHEIN FLOWABLE
290
292
294
296
298
300
302
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
SHEAR RATE [1/s]
APPARENTVISCOSITY
[Pa.s]

5. Mechanical properties of flowable composites
Filler content (wt %)
56
68
53
75 80
flowable hybrid
Wear (mm)28 28 26
21 22
flowable hybrid
Fracture toughness
1.36
1.24
2.05 1.90
flowable hybrid

6. Nano-filled Flowable Composites
 Utilizes nano-sized fillers.
 Still flows readily
 Excellent aesthetics
 Low wear
 Available in capsules

7. Packable composite

8.  utilizes different filler systems
1. Fibers
2. Trimodal particle distrebution (interlock at the time of packing)
3. Non-slumping fillers
4. Resin impregnated fillers
 But, the increased viscosity  ↑ incidence of void formation
↓ reduce the adaptability
 Usually used in combination with flowable liners
Has the ability to be packed like amalgam
 Better contact with the adjacent teeth
 Better occlusal form

9. Smart Composites

10. It is a kind of ion-releasing composites
 It releases fluoride, hydroxyl and calcium ions, when
the pH in areas adjacent to the restoration drops down
(e.g. plaque accumulation)
 Recent materials are based on alkaline glass fillers.
The release of alkaline ions helps in;
1. Inhibiting bacterial growth
2. Buffering the acids produced by bacteria
3. Reduce the incidence of recurrent caries (Reduce the demineralization)

11. Minimal shrink composites

12. The development of minimal-shrink composites
was based on ….
1. Increasing the filler load
 Using prepolymerized composite fillers
 Using nano-sized fillers (Tetric
Evoceram, Ivoclar-Vivadent)
2. Using organic matrices with lower
polymerization shrinkage
 Spiro-orthocarbonate, can produce
composites with no setting contraction,
 Oxy bis-methacrylates (bifunctional
monomer) shows also a reduced rate of
the polymerization contraction
 Oxirane and silorane-based monomers
(Feltick LS, 3M-ESPE)

13. Polymerization shrinkage of
new minimal-shrink composites

14. Compomers
(Polyacid-modified composites)

15. To have a kind of modified composite having the
main advantages of glass ionomer cement.
Compositional modifications
 Certain liquid monomer (HEMA) is modified by polyacrylic acid grafts
 Filler particles similar to the powder of glass ionomer cement
(calcium- fluoro-alumino-silicate- glass)
Drawbacks:
 Using bonding systems still mandatory
 Lower wear resistant < regular composites
 Insignificant release of fluoride

16. Flexure strength
Taher NM. Comparative study of composite, compomer and ormocer bi-axial flexural
strength. Saudi Dent. J. (2002) 14:7-10.
Compomers

18. To overcome some drawbacks of compomers
The filler particles are a kind of
pre-polymerized glass ionomer
agglomerates
Giomers are fluoride releasing light-cured restoratives. They show
a true hybridization of glass ionomers and composites as they
have the fluoride release and recharge of glass ionomers and the
aesthetics, handling and physical properties of composite resins.
http://www.shofu.com.sg/GiomerList.aspx

19. Rationale
 To get restorations with higher mechanical properties
 To reduce the subsequent effect of the polymerization shrinkage
(i.e. weak bonding, microleakage, improper contact)
Indirect composite restorations

20. Chair-side
Start with Light or
chemical-curing inside
the mouth.
Then apply post-curing
heat or light treatment
CAD-CAM
composites
Laboratory
Cured with
heat & pressure
or light & pressure
on a cast
Fiber-reinforced
composites

21. Laboratory Composites

22. First Generation
Firstly introduced in 1980s as an attempt to
decrease the rate of the polymerization shrinkage and Improve
the wear resistance of the restoration.
ManufacturerProduct commercial name
3M-ESPE1. Visio-gem
Kulzer2. Denta Color
Ivoclar-Vivadent3. Concept
Ivoclar-Vivadent4. Isoset

23. Second Generation
Appeared in 1990s and named ceromers. Most of these
materials are light-cured over a cast for 60 seconds and then
followed with heat treatment.
ManufacturerProduct commercial name
Heraeus-Kulzer1. Artglass
Kerr2. BelleGlass
Ivoclar-Vivadent3. Targis
3M-ESPE4. Simphony

24. Fiber-reinforced composites

25. In many aerospace, automotive, marine, household
and recreational industries … etc

26. Fiber-reinforced Dental Composites
 Composites of the 2nd generation reinforced with fiber substructure
 Good alternative to all and metal-ceramic restorations
- Braid
- Unidirectional- Mesh
- Weave

27. Dental applications of FRC
1. FRC endodontic post
2. Reinforcing denture bases
3. Implant frameworks
4. Bases of orthodontic appliances
5. Fixed prosthesis
6. Periodontal splints.

28. Fiber orientation and material’s properties

29. Different types of fibers
ManufacturerFiber architectureFiber typeCommercial Product
A. Pre-impregnated, dental laboratory products
Jeneric/petron
 Ivoclar-Vivadent
Ivoclar-Vivadent
Unidirectional
Unidirectional
Mesh
Glass
Glass
Glass
 FiberKor
 Vectris pontic
 Vectris frame &single
B. Pre-impregnated, chir-side products:
Jeneric/Petron
Jeneric/Petron
Jeneric/Petron
Unidirectional
Weave
Weave
Glass
Glass
Polyethylene
 Splint it
 Splint it
 Splint it
C. Impregnation is required, chair-side products
Kerr
Dental Venture
Interdental Distrebutor
BioComp
Glasspan
Ribbond
Braid
Unidirectional
Weave
Unidirectional
Braid
Leno weave
Polyethylene
Polyethylene
Glass
Kevlar
Glass
Polyethylene
 Connect
 DVA fibers
 Fiber splint
 Fiber flex
 Class span
 Ribbond
D. Pre-impregnated, prefabricated posts
Bisco
Jeneric/petron
Unidirectional
Unidirectional
Carbon
Glass
 C-Post
 FiberKor

30. Comparisons are always valuable. Aren't they?