composite resin dental material

1. Direct EstheticDirect Esthetic
Restorative MaterialsRestorative Materials

2. Both silicate cement and acrylic resin (PMMA) are
Materials fromHistory

3. Science ofScience of
ResinResin
CompositesComposites
For Direct RestorationsFor Direct Restorations

4. • Materials made up of 2 /+
distinct, chemically different
phases
• The resulted material
(composite) combine the
properties of the phases
included
Examples
• Jell-o & fruits
• Concrete
• Tooth enamel and dentine
• Resin composite
Composite !!! What does it mean?

5. Dental Resin
Composites

6. Matrix
phase
Dispersed phase
(fillers)
1. Organic phase (matrix)
2. Inorganic dispersed
phase (fillers)
3. Coupling phase
1. Polymerization-
associated additives
2. Coloring additive
3. Ultraviolet stabilizers
4. Radioopacifiers
+
Coupling
phase

7. Organic Phase (Resin Matrix )
Function
1. Hold all ingredients in one mass
2. Able to polymerize (Responsible for material’s setting )
3. Accept pigments (Responsible for material’s color )
4. Responsible for the setting contraction
1. Monomer system
- BIS-GMA or UDMA. (viscous monomers)
- Silorane resins (in the most recent, minimal-shrink type)
2. Diluents
- TEGDMA & HEMA

8. Dispersed Phase (Fillers )
Function
1. ↑ Mechanical Prop.
2. ↑ Wear resistance
3. ↓ Coeff. of th. Exp.
4. ↓ Poly. shrinkage
1. Inorganic fillers1. Inorganic fillers
- Quartz, glass, barium and lithium- Quartz, glass, barium and lithium
alumino-silicates, barium fluoridealumino-silicates, barium fluoride
- Zinc (Zn), Boron (B), zirconium (Zr)- Zinc (Zn), Boron (B), zirconium (Zr)
and yttrium (Y) ionsand yttrium (Y) ions are added toare added to
produce radioopacityproduce radioopacity
2. Pre-polymerized organic fillers2. Pre-polymerized organic fillers
- Ground resin composites- Ground resin composites
3. Alternative fillers3. Alternative fillers
- fibers, tri-modal, non-slumping fillers,- fibers, tri-modal, non-slumping fillers,
fluoride-releasing – Nano-sizedfluoride-releasing – Nano-sized
fillersfillers

9. Classification based on fillersize and loading
Types Filler size Filler load
Traditional types
1. Macro-filled 8-12 µm 75-80 wt%
2. Small particle 1-8 µm 70-85 wt%
3. Hybrid 0.4-1 µm 70-75 wt%
4. Micro-filled 0.04-0.4 µm 50-60 wt%
Recent types
5. Nano-hybrid 0.02-2.5 (Av 0.6) µm 70-75 wt%
6. Nano-filled Culsters- 0.06-1.4 µm (5-20 nm) 70-75 wt%
Macro-filled Small-particle Hybrid Micro-filled

10. Anusavice K. Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials 2003
Property Traditional Microfilled Small P. Hybrid
Compr. strength (MPa) 250-300 250-300 350-400 300-350
Tensile strength (MPa) 50-65 30-50 75-90 70-90
Elastic Modulus (GPa) 8-15 3-6 15-20 7-12
Coeff .Th. Exp. (10-6
/ºC) 25-35 50-60 19-26 30-40
Knoop Hardness 55 5-30 50-60 50-60
Properties of traditional Composites

11. Quoted from: Deliperi S, Bardwell d. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002; 133:1387-1398

12. Quoted from: Deliperi S, Bardwell d. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002; 133:1387-1398

13. Coupling Phase
1.1. Vinyl triethoxy silane (vinyl silane)Vinyl triethoxy silane (vinyl silane)
2.2. γγ--Methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy SilaneMethacryloxy propyl trimethoxy Silane
Mechanism of attachmentMechanism of attachment
-- They are composed ofThey are composed of bi-functional moleculesbi-functional molecules
- The- The silane groupsilane group chemically bonds to the inorganic materialschemically bonds to the inorganic materials
- Both the- Both the ethoxy and methoxyethoxy and methoxy groupsgroups react with resin moleculesreact with resin molecules
of the matrixof the matrix
FunctionFunction
1.1. ↓↓ The water uptakeThe water uptake
2.2. ↓↓ The solubility rateThe solubility rate
3.3. ↓↓ The crack propagationThe crack propagation

14. Bonding of fillers to resin matrix

15. Polymerization associated
additives
 Polymerization initiator….Polymerization initiator…...
1.1. Benzoyl proxideBenzoyl proxide in case of chemical and heat-curedin case of chemical and heat-cured
materialsmaterials
2.2. CamphroquinonCamphroquinon in case of light-cured materialsin case of light-cured materials
 Polymerization activator…Polymerization activator…Tertiary amineTertiary amine in casein case
of chemically-cured materialsof chemically-cured materials
 Polymerization inhibitor…Polymerization inhibitor… (hydroquinon)(hydroquinon) preventsprevents
material’s polymerization on storagematerial’s polymerization on storage

16. Chemically-Cured CompositeChemically-Cured Composite

17. Light-cured compositeLight-cured composite

18. Effect of classical curing techniques on composite properties
Difference Chemical-cured (CC) Light-cured (VLC) Heat-Cured (HC)
• Presentation forms 2 paste (Base &
Catalyst)
Single paste (Syringe,
capsules)
- 1 paste
- Powder and liquid
• Mixing Mixing of equal parts of
base and catalyst
over paper pad by
the use of plastic
spatula
No mixing is required
(only direct
dispensing from
either the syringe or
capsules)
Mixing of P&L form only
• Setting reaction Addition polymerization Addition polymerization Addition polymerization
• Polymerization
initiator
Benzoyl peroxide Camphroquinon Benzoyl peroxide
• Polymerization
activator
- 3ry amine (old)
- N-dihydroxy ethyl–P-
toluidine
UV light, Blue VL, or
Laser
Heat, or Heat&pressure
• Method of
application
Direct, using bulk
technique
Direct, using incremental
technique
Indirect (Laboratory
processed)

19. Property Chemical-cured (CC) Light-cured (VLC) Heat-Cured (HC)
• Working time - Limited
- The chemical reaction
starts once base and
catalyst are mixed
- Unlimited
- The chemical reaction
starts when the material
is subjected to light
- Unlimited
- The chemical reaction
starts when the material
is subjected to heat
• Degree of
polymerization
Higher than VLC and
lower than HC
The lowest The highest
• Residual Monomer
• (act as plasticizer)
Lower than VLC and
higher than HC
The highest The lowest
• Polymerization
shrinkage
Higher than VLC and
lower than HC
The lowest The highest
• Strength and
hardness
Higher than VLC and
lower than HC
The lowest The highest
• Porosity Voids could exist as a
result of air trapping
during mixing
Less Than CC (No
Mixing)
Less than CC
(Depending on the
packing technique)
• Color stability The lowest, due to
presence of 3ry amine
and porosities
Higher than CC and
lower than HC
The highest
• Bonding to resin
bonding agents
Lower than VLC and
Higher than HC
The highest The lowest

20. • UV stabilizers…UV stabilizers… ((2-hydroxy-4- methoxy2-hydroxy-4- methoxy
benzophenone)benzophenone) Provide color stability underProvide color stability under
electro-magnetic waveselectro-magnetic waves
• Coloring agents (Pigments)….Coloring agents (Pigments)…. To provideTo provide
materials with different shadesmaterials with different shades
Other Additives

21. Listen, always keep these
Clinical Hints
in your mind

22. Composite polymerization is retarded in presence of
Eugenol and oxygen.

23. It is mandatory to incrementally insert
the light-cured material

24. The chemically-cured materials is no longer be used clinically

25. Mechanical, Micro-mechanical and inter-penetration means
help the composite retain to the tooth structure

26. Direct applications of resin composites
 Filling class III, IV, V and VI cavities in anterior teeth
 Filling small and moderate Class I, II, V cavities in post. teeth
 Core build-up (strengthening of weakened teeth)
 Diastma Closure
 Direct laminate veneer

27. 1. Esthetic.
2. Conservative cavity.
3. Low thermal conductivity.
4. Quite resistance to microleakage
5. No corrosion.
6. Strengthening of the remaining tooth st.
1. Polymerization shrinkage.
2. High coefficient of thermal expansion
3. Pulp irritation due to residual monomer ……
i.e. deep cavities should be protected
4. Low wear resistance.
5. Technique sensitive.
Advantages
Disadvantages

28. Step By Step Re sto ratio n

30. Done

31. What do you exactly know about
the modified types of composite restoratives ?