You've heard of Zend's new framework, Expressive, and you've heard it's the new hotness. In this talk, I will introduce the concepts of Expressive, how to bootstrap a simple application with the framework using best practices, and finally how to integrate a third party tool like Doctrine ORM.

1. @asgrim
Kicking off with Zend Expressive
and Doctrine ORM
James Titcumb
PHP UK 2017

2. Who is this guy?
James Titcumb
www.jamestitcumb.com
www.roave.com
www.phphants.co.uk
www.phpsouthcoast.co.uk
@asgrim

3. @asgrim
What is Zend Expressive?

4. @asgrim
Layers of an Expressive application
Expressive
Stratigility
Diactoros
PSR-7 Interface
DIRouter Template
Your Application

5. @asgrim
Layers of an Expressive application
Expressive
Stratigility
Diactoros
PSR-7 Interface
DIRouter Template
Your Application

6. @asgrim
PSR-7
HTTP Message Interfaces

7. @asgrim
HTTP Request
POST /phpuk17/foo HTTP/1.1
Host: www.phpconference.co.uk
foo=bar&baz=bat

8. @asgrim
HTTP Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain
This is the response body

9. @asgrim
Layers of an Expressive application
Expressive
Stratigility
Diactoros
PSR-7 Interface
DIRouter Template
Your Application

10. @asgrim
Zend Diactoros
PSR-7 implementation

11. @asgrim
Node http.Server using Diactoros
$server = ZendDiactorosServer::createServer(
function ($request, $response, $done) {
return $response->getBody()->write('hello world');
},
$_SERVER,
$_GET,
$_POST,
$_COOKIE,
$_FILES
);
$server->listen();

12. @asgrim
Layers of an Expressive application
Expressive
Stratigility
Diactoros
PSR-7 Interface
DIRouter Template
Your Application

13. @asgrim
Zend Stratigility
Creating & dispatching middleware pipelines

14. @asgrim
So what is “middleware”?

15. @asgrim
Middleware in the middle
function(Request $request, DelegateInterface $delegate) : Response
{
// ... some code before ...
$response = $delegate->process($request);
// ... some code after ...
return $response;
}

16. @asgrim
http-interop/http-middleware

17. @asgrim
Modifying the response
function(Request $request, DelegateInterface $delegate) : Response
{
$response = $delegate->process($request);
return $response->withHeader(
'X-Clacks-Overhead',
'GNU Terry Pratchett'
);
}

18. @asgrim
Pipe all the things!
$pipe = new ZendStratigilityMiddlewarePipe();
$pipe->pipe($logUncaughtErrorsMiddleware);
$pipe->pipe($sessionInitialisingMiddleware);
$pipe->pipe($authenticationMiddleware);
$pipe->pipe('/', $indexActionMiddleware);
$pipe->pipe(new NotFoundHandler(...));

19. @asgrim
LogErrorsCaughtMiddleware
function(Request $request, DelegateInterface $delegate) : Response
{
try {
return $delegate->process($request);
} catch (Throwable $throwable) {
// Log the error, handle it with error page etc.
return new JsonResponse(
[
'message' => $throwable->getMessage(),
],
500
);
}
}

20. @asgrim
SessionInitialisingMiddleware
function(Request $request, DelegateInterface $delegate) : Response
{
session_start();
return $delegate->process($request);
}

21. @asgrim
function(Request $request, DelegateInterface $delegate) : Response
{
if (!$this->doSomeOAuthCheck($request)) {
return new JsonResponse(
[
'message' => 'Invalid OAuth token',
],
403
);
}
return $delegate->process($request);
}
AuthenticationMiddleware

22. @asgrim
IndexActionMiddleware
function(Request $request, DelegateInterface $delegate) : Response
{
// ... some code ...
return new JsonResponse($someData, 200);
}

23. @asgrim
Layers of an Expressive application
Expressive
Stratigility
Diactoros
PSR-7 Interface
DIRouter Template
Your Application

24. @asgrim
Zend Expressive
One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.

25. @asgrim
Routing

26. @asgrim
container-interop

27. @asgrim
Optionally, templating

28. @asgrim
Piping and Routing

29. @asgrim
Zend Framework 2/3
What of them?

30. @asgrim
Middleware vs MVC

31. @asgrim
Using ZF components
in Expressive

32. @asgrim
Module.php
class Module
{
public function getConfig()
{
return include __DIR__ . '/../config/module.config.php';
}
}

33. @asgrim
ConfigProvider

34. @asgrim
ConfigProvider
namespace ZendForm;
class ConfigProvider
{
public function __invoke()
{
return [
'dependencies' => $this->getDependencyConfig(),
'view_helpers' => $this->getViewHelperConfig(),
];
}
}

35. @asgrim
ConfigProvider#getDependencyConfig()
public function getDependencyConfig()
{
return [
'abstract_factories' => [
FormAbstractServiceFactory::class,
],
'aliases' => [
'ZendFormAnnotationFormAnnotationBuilder' => 'FormAnnotationBuilder',
AnnotationAnnotationBuilder::class => 'FormAnnotationBuilder',
FormElementManager::class => 'FormElementManager',
],
'factories' => [
'FormAnnotationBuilder' => AnnotationAnnotationBuilderFactory::class,
'FormElementManager' => FormElementManagerFactory::class,
],

36. @asgrim
ZendForm’s Module.php
class Module
{
public function getConfig()
{
$provider = new ConfigProvider();
return [
'service_manager' => $provider->getDependencyConfig(),
'view_helpers' => $provider->getViewHelperConfig(),
];
}
}

37. @asgrim
config/autoload/zend-form.global.php
<?php
return (new ZendFormConfigProvider())->__invoke();

38. @asgrim
Layers of an Expressive application
Expressive
Stratigility
Diactoros
PSR-7 Interface
DIRouter Template
Your Application

39. @asgrim
Getting started
with Zend Expressive

40. @asgrim
https://github.com/asgrim/book-library

41. @asgrim
Expressive Skeleton

42. @asgrim
Expressive installer - start
$ composer create-project zendframework/zend-expressive-skeleton book-library
Installing zendframework/zend-expressive-skeleton (1.0.3)
- Installing zendframework/zend-expressive-skeleton (1.0.3)
Downloading: 100%
Created project in book-library
> ExpressiveInstallerOptionalPackages::install
Setup data and cache dir
Setting up optional packages

43. @asgrim
Expressive installer - minimal?
Minimal skeleton? (no default middleware, templates, or assets; configuration only)
[y] Yes (minimal)
[n] No (full; recommended)
Make your selection (No): n

44. @asgrim
Expressive installer - router?
Which router do you want to use?
[1] Aura.Router
[2] FastRoute
[3] Zend Router
Make your selection or type a composer package name and version (FastRoute): 2

45. @asgrim
Expressive installer - container?
Which container do you want to use for dependency injection?
[1] Aura.Di
[2] Pimple
[3] Zend ServiceManager
Make your selection or type a composer package name and version (Zend ServiceManager): 3

46. @asgrim
Expressive installer - template?
Which template engine do you want to use?
[1] Plates
[2] Twig
[3] Zend View installs Zend ServiceManager
[n] None of the above
Make your selection or type a composer package name and version (n): n

47. @asgrim
Expressive installer - whoops?
Which error handler do you want to use during development?
[1] Whoops
[n] None of the above
Make your selection or type a composer package name and version (Whoops): n

48. @asgrim
Expressive installer - run it!
$ composer serve
> php -S 0.0.0.0:8080 -t public/ public/index.php
[Thu Sep 1 20:29:33 2016] 127.0.0.1:48670 [200]: /favicon.ico
{
"welcome": "Congratulations! You have installed the zend-expressive skeleton application.",
"docsUrl": "zend-expressive.readthedocs.org"
}

49. @asgrim
Create the endpoints

50. @asgrim
Book entity
class Book
{
/**
* @var string
*/
private $id;
/**
* @var bool
*/
private $inStock = true;
public function __construct()
{
$this->id = (string)Uuid::uuid4();
}

51. @asgrim
Book entity
class Book
{
/**
* @return void
* @throws AppEntityExceptionBookNotAvailable
*/
public function checkOut()
{
if (!$this->inStock) {
throw ExceptionBookNotAvailable::fromBook($this);
}
$this->inStock = false;
}

52. @asgrim
Book entity
class Book
{
/**
* @return void
* @throws AppEntityExceptionBookAlreadyStocked
*/
public function checkIn()
{
if ($this->inStock) {
throw ExceptionBookAlreadyStocked::fromBook($this);
}
$this->inStock = true;
}

53. @asgrim
FindBookByUuidInterface
interface FindBookByUuidInterface
{
/**
* @param UuidInterface $slug
* @return Book
* @throws ExceptionBookNotFound
*/
public function __invoke(UuidInterface $slug): Book;
}

54. @asgrim
CheckOutAction
public function process(ServerRequestInterface $request, DelegateInterface $delegate): JsonResponse
{
try {
$book = $this->findBookByUuid->__invoke(Uuid::fromString($request->getAttribute('id')));
} catch (BookNotFound $bookNotFound) {
return new JsonResponse(['info' => $bookNotFound->getMessage()], 404);
}
try {
$book->checkOut();
} catch (BookNotAvailable $bookNotAvailable) {
return new JsonResponse(['info' => $bookNotAvailable->getMessage()], 423);
}
return new JsonResponse([
'info' => sprintf('You have checked out %s', $book->getId()),
]);
}

55. @asgrim
Adding some ORM

56. @asgrim
Your application
Doctrine quick overview
DB
DBAL
ORM
(EntityManager)
Entities
Finders,
Services,
...

57. @asgrim
DoctrineORMModule

58. @asgrim
DoctrineORMModule + Expressive?

59. @asgrim
config/autoload/doctrine-modules.global.php
$vendorPath = __DIR__ . '/../../vendor';
$doctrineModuleConfig = require_once $vendorPath . '/doctrine/doctrine-module/config/module.config.php';
$doctrineModuleConfig['dependencies'] = $doctrineModuleConfig['service_manager'];
unset($doctrineModuleConfig['service_manager']);
$ormModuleConfig = require_once $vendorPath . '/doctrine/doctrine-orm-module/config/module.config.php';
$ormModuleConfig['dependencies'] = $ormModuleConfig['service_manager'];
unset($ormModuleConfig['service_manager']);
return ArrayUtils::merge($doctrineModuleConfig, $ormModuleConfig);

60. @asgrim
But wait!

61. @asgrim
container-interop-doctrine
saves the day!!!

62. @asgrim
Installation
$ composer require dasprid/container-interop-doctrine
Using version ^0.2.2 for dasprid/container-interop-doctrine
./composer.json has been updated
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
- Installing dasprid/container-interop-doctrine (0.2.2)
Loading from cache
Writing lock file
Generating autoload files
$

63. @asgrim
config/autoload/doctrine.global.php
<?php
declare(strict_types = 1);
use DoctrineORMEntityManagerInterface;
use ContainerInteropDoctrineEntityManagerFactory;
return [
'dependencies' => [
'factories' => [
EntityManagerInterface::class => EntityManagerFactory::class,
],
],
];

64. @asgrim
'doctrine' => [
'connection' => [
'orm_default' => [
'driver_class' => PDOPgSqlDriver::class,
'params' => [
'url' => 'postgres://user:pass@localhost/book_library',
],
],
],
'driver' => [
'orm_default' => [
'class' => MappingDriverChain::class,
'drivers' => [
// ... and so on ...
config/autoload/doctrine.global.php

65. @asgrim
'doctrine' => [
'connection' => [
'orm_default' => [
'driver_class' => PDOPgSqlDriver::class,
'params' => [
'url' => 'postgres://user:pass@localhost/book_library',
],
],
],
'driver' => [
'orm_default' => [
'class' => MappingDriverChain::class,
'drivers' => [
// ... and so on ...
config/autoload/doctrine.global.php

66. @asgrim
<?php
declare(strict_types = 1);
use DoctrineORMEntityManagerInterface;
use DoctrineORMToolsConsoleHelperEntityManagerHelper;
use SymfonyComponentConsoleHelperHelperSet;
$container = require __DIR__ . '/container.php';
return new HelperSet([
'em' => new EntityManagerHelper(
$container->get(EntityManagerInterface::class)
),
]);
config/cli-config.php

67. @asgrim
Annotating the Entities

68. @asgrim
/**
* @ORMEntity
* @ORMTable(name="book")
*/
class Book
{
/**
* @ORMId
* @ORMColumn(name="id", type="guid")
* @ORMGeneratedValue(strategy="NONE")
* @var string
*/
private $id;
src/App/Entity/Book.php

69. @asgrim
/**
* @ORMEntity
* @ORMTable(name="book")
*/
class Book
{
/**
* @ORMId
* @ORMColumn(name="id", type="guid")
* @ORMGeneratedValue(strategy="NONE")
* @var string
*/
private $id;
src/App/Entity/Book.php

70. @asgrim
public function __invoke(UuidInterface $id): Book
{
/** @var Book|null $book */
$book = $this->repository->find((string)$id);
if (null === $book) {
throw ExceptionBookNotFound::fromUuid($id);
}
return $book;
}
src/App/Service/Book/DoctrineFindBookByUuid.php

71. @asgrim
try {
$this->entityManager->transactional(function () use ($book) {
$book->checkOut();
});
} catch (BookNotAvailable $bookNotAvailable) {
return new JsonResponse(['info' => $bookNotAvailable->getMessage()], 423);
}
src/App/Action/CheckOutAction.php

72. @asgrim
Generate the schema
$ vendor/bin/doctrine orm:schema-tool:create
ATTENTION: This operation should not be executed in a production
environment.
Creating database schema...
Database schema created successfully!
$

73. @asgrim
Insert some data
INSERT INTO book (id, name, in_stock) VALUES (
'1c06bec9-adae-47c2-b411-73b1db850e6f',
'The Great Escape',
true
);

74. @asgrim
/book/1c06bec9-adae-47c2-b411-.../check-out
{"info":"You have checked out The Great Escape"}

75. @asgrim
/book/1c06bec9-adae-47c2-b411-.../check-in
{"info":"You have checked in The Great Escape"}

76. @asgrim
Automatic Flushing Middleware

77. @asgrim
FlushingMiddleware
public function __invoke(Request $request, Response $response, callable $out = null) : Response
{
if (null === $out) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException('Middleware in ' . __CLASS__ . ' must be piped');
}
$response = $out($request, $response);
if ($this->entityManager->isOpen()) {
$this->entityManager->flush();
}
return $response;
}

78. @asgrim
FlushingMiddleware
public function __invoke(Request $request, Response $response, callable $out = null) : Response
{
if (null === $out) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException('Middleware in ' . __CLASS__ . ' must be piped');
}
$response = $out($request, $response);
if ($this->entityManager->isOpen()) {
$this->entityManager->flush();
}
return $response;
}

79. @asgrim
FlushingMiddleware
public function __invoke(Request $request, Response $response, callable $out = null) : Response
{
if (null === $out) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException('Middleware in ' . __CLASS__ . ' must be piped');
}
$response = $out($request, $response);
if ($this->entityManager->isOpen()) {
$this->entityManager->flush();
}
return $response;
}

80. @asgrim
FlushingMiddleware
public function __invoke(Request $request, Response $response, callable $out = null) : Response
{
if (null === $out) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException('Middleware in ' . __CLASS__ . ' must be piped');
}
$response = $out($request, $response);
if ($this->entityManager->isOpen()) {
$this->entityManager->flush();
}
return $response;
}

81. @asgrim
FlushingMiddleware
public function __invoke(Request $request, Response $response, callable $out = null) : Response
{
if (null === $out) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException('Middleware in ' . __CLASS__ . ' must be piped');
}
$response = $out($request, $response);
if ($this->entityManager->isOpen()) {
$this->entityManager->flush();
}
return $response;
}

82. @asgrim
Doing more with
middleware

83. @asgrim
Authentication

84. @asgrim
public function __invoke(
Request $request, Response $response, callable $next = null
) : Response {
$queryParams = $request->getQueryParams();
if (!array_key_exists('authenticated', $queryParams)||$queryParams['authenticated'] !== '1') {
return new JsonResponse(
['error' => 'You are not authenticated.'],
403
);
}
return $next($request, $response);
}
Create the middleware

85. @asgrim
public function __invoke(
Request $request, Response $response, callable $next = null
) : Response {
$queryParams = $request->getQueryParams();
if (!array_key_exists('authenticated', $queryParams)||$queryParams['authenticated'] !== '1') {
return new JsonResponse(
['error' => 'You are not authenticated.'],
403
);
}
return $next($request, $response);
}
Create the middleware

86. @asgrim
public function __invoke(
Request $request, Response $response, callable $next = null
) : Response {
$queryParams = $request->getQueryParams();
if (!array_key_exists('authenticated', $queryParams)||$queryParams['authenticated'] !== '1') {
return new JsonResponse(
['error' => 'You are not authenticated.'],
403
);
}
return $next($request, $response);
}
Create the middleware

87. @asgrim
public function __invoke(
Request $request, Response $response, callable $next = null
) : Response {
$queryParams = $request->getQueryParams();
if (!array_key_exists('authenticated', $queryParams)||$queryParams['authenticated'] !== '1') {
return new JsonResponse(
['error' => 'You are not authenticated.'],
403
);
}
return $next($request, $response);
}
Create the middleware

88. @asgrim
Helios
composer require dasprid/helios

89. @asgrim
PSR7-Session
composer require psr7-sessions/storageless

90. @asgrim
public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $_, array $_ = null)
{
$symmetricKey = 'super-secure-key-you-should-not-store-this-key-in-git-store-it-in-configuration-instead-please';
$expirationTime = 1200; // 20 minutes
return new SessionMiddleware(
new SignerHmacSha256(),
$symmetricKey,
$symmetricKey,
SetCookie::create(SessionMiddleware::DEFAULT_COOKIE)
->withSecure(false) // false on purpose, unless you have https locally
->withHttpOnly(true)
->withPath('/'),
new Parser(),
$expirationTime,
new SystemCurrentTime()
);
}
Factory the middleware

91. @asgrim
'routing' => [
'middleware' => [
ApplicationFactory::ROUTING_MIDDLEWARE,
HelperUrlHelperMiddleware::class,
PSR7SessionHttpSessionMiddleware::class,
AppMiddlewareAuthenticationMiddleware::class,
ApplicationFactory::DISPATCH_MIDDLEWARE,
],
'priority' => 1,
],
Add middleware to pipe

92. @asgrim
$session = $request->getAttribute(SessionMiddleware::SESSION_ATTRIBUTE);
$session->set('counter', $session->get('counter', 0) + 1);
Session is stored in Request

93. @asgrim
To summarise...
● PSR-7 is the foundation for this!
● Diactoros is just a PSR-7 implementation
● Stratigility is a middleware pipeline: the main bit
● Expressive is a glue for everything
● DoctrineModule can be used (with some fiddling)
● container-interop-doctrine makes Doctrine work easier
● Middleware all the things!

94. Any questions?
https://joind.in/talk/98515
James Titcumb @asgrim