This small project is about solar power integration with grid with in india.

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA
LIMITED
SOLAR POWER INTEGRATION WITH GRID
Various Transmission Issues
Executive Trainee: Ashish
Discipline: Electrical Engineering
Employee Number: 02631
Location: National Load Despatch Centre,
New Delhi
Guide: Sh. S R Narasimhan
DGM,System Operation
NLDC,New Delhi
July,2012

2. Acknowledgement
The OJT Project is a golden opportunity for learning and self-development consider
myself very lucky and honored to have so many wonderful people lead me through in
completion of this project.
It is indeed a great pleasure and a moment of immense satisfaction for me to express
my sense of profound gratitude and indebtedness towards Sh.S.K.Soonee (CEO-
POSOCO) and Sh. V.K.Agrawal (GM-NLDC) for sharing their experiences and
Table oftheir valuable 1. Executive Summary4 1.1 Future applications52.
giving
Contents:- guidance.
Background6 2.1 Solar power potential in India6 2.2 Off grid power7 2.3
GridMy gratefulpower73. Aim84. Literature Survey and description of project 9 being
connected thanks to Sh.S.R.Narasimhan (DGM-NLDC) who inspite of
4.1 Existing Renewable Capacity9 4.2 Solarkeep me on thein brief10
busy with his duties, took time to hear, guide and Technologies correct path.
4.2.1 Photovoltaic (PV)10 4.2.2 Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)11 4.3
Jawaharlal Nehru to use this opportunity to thank 4.3.1 A. Mani (AGM-NLDC),
I would also like National Solar Mission11 Sh. Objectives and
Targets115. Study results14 5.1 Study for Solar in Gujarat14
Sh.R.K.Bansal (AGM-NLDC), Ms. Minaxi Garg 5.1.1 Scope
(DGM-NLDC)
of Powergrid156. (DGM-NLDC), and Sh. R.Piplonia (DGM-NLDC) for their
,Sh.S.S.Barpanda Challenges/Suggestions17 6.1 Challenges in Grid
valuable guidance at every 6.2Suggestions177. References20
Planning17 point of time.
Finally I would like to thank all the executives of SO & NLDC for their support, help
and encouragement.
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY :-
Energy comes at a cost, and the cost which we intentionally or
ASHISH ANTIL
unintentionally chose to ignore is far greater than the tariffs that we pay for
the amount of electricity consumed. Unfortunately our electricityEET does not
bill (XVI-Batch)
accounts for the irreversible damage that we do the environment, and for that
matter no amount of money can make up for the damage that has already been
done to the environment. So, the basic need of the hour is to focus on areas
which are clean sources of energy and reduce our dependence on
conventional sources without compromising with the reliability of the system.

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Total922945010372
StateExisting capacity (MW)Addition in 12th Plan (MW)Total capacity
(MW)
SolarSolarSolar
Tamil Nadu730003007
Karnataka6160166
A.P92285377
Gujarat60014002000
Maharashtra17905922
Rajasthan20037003900
So,
knowing the need of future, govt. has planned for 12th plan as above:-

4. So, To transmit this power to long distances and integration with grid is a
very big challenge which we are going to face in future. A grid operator has
to face these challenges in future. Gujarat and Rajasthan are going to be
leader in solar power production.
Solar Radiation Resource Assessment stations have been installed across
India by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) to monitor the
availability of solar energy. Data is collected and reported to the Centre for
Wind Energy Technology (C-WET), in order to create a Solar Atlas.
1.1 Future Applications :-
1. Rural electrification
2. Agriculture support
3. Solar water heating
4. Reduction in green house gases
5. Very less operating charges
6. Off grid applications
There is a need to understand how to utilize these renewable
resources with their full efficiency. This project analysis various aspects
like interconnection with grid, planning of solar power etc.

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2. BACKGROUND:-
2.1 Solar power potential of India -

6. As we can see from above solar power map more dark is the region, more
solar power can be produced from that region. The daily average solar energy
incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 1500–2000
sunshine hours per year (depending upon location), which is far more than

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current total energy consumption.
2.2 Potential of off grid power :-
The solar PV off grid opportunities in India are huge, given the fact that over
400 million people do not have access to grid connected electricity. The off-
grid opportunities are significant, given the cost involved in off grid
applications when compared to huge financial investments to be made to set
up grids. The Government's solar mission envisages off-grid applications
reaching 2000 MW by 2022 and deploying 20 million solar lighting systems
for rural areas.
2.3 Grid connected power:-
Grid-interactive renewable power projects based on solar are mainly private
investment driven, with favorable tariff policy regimes established by State
Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC), and almost all-renewable power
capacity addition during the year has come through this route. It aims to
generate competitively priced Solar Thermal and Solar Photovoltaic Power.
The National Solar Mission is a major initiative of the Government of India
and State Governments to promote ecologically sustainable growth while
addressing India’s energy security challenge. It will also constitute a major
contribution by India to the global effort to meet the challenges of climate
change.

8. 3. AIM:-
Broad objective of the study includes :-
1. Future of solar power in India.
2. Planning by govt. of India.
3. Feasibility of grid integration of solar power.
4. Various issues and suggestions to overcome these problems.

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4. Literature Survey and description of project :-
4.1 Existing Renewable Capacity
Presently the total installed capacity in India is about 200 GW (As on 31.03.2012). The
capacity from conventional sources namely coal, gas, diesel, nuclear and large hydro amounts to
about 88% share and non-conventional / renewable contribution is about 12%. The mix of installed
capacity of various types of generations (GW) on all India basis is shown at below:-

10. Share of different types of generation capacity (Source- CEA monthly review of power sector, Mar’12)
India has been continuously progressing in conventional as well as renewable capacity
addition. Since 9th Plan period, share of renewable capacity has increased from 2% to 12%
as on today (about 6 fold increase). Electricity generation due to renewables has also
increased to about 4% in overall electricity generation mix as on today. With such
multifold growth, penetration of renewable power in Indian scenario has increased.
Presently, in our country 25,000MW grid interactive as well as 672 MW off grid
generation capacity from RE is available. Out of this about 71% grid interactive capacity is
contributed by the wind alone.
Similarly, share of renewable energy is as shown in graph :-
now impetus has been given on harnessing of renewable energy sources like Wind, Solar,
Small Hydro, Biomass / waste to energy etc. This shall also pave a new way to India’s
need for secure, affordable and sustainable energy for meeting its growing demand.
Conducive policies, regulatory framework, financial Incentives etc. have also given a
boost towards development of renewable capacity addition in past few years.
4.2.1 Solar Technologies in brief:-

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Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity. Solar power is converted
into electricity using mainly following two techniques:-
4.2.2 Photovoltaic (PV):-
It is a direct method to convert solar radiations into electricity . Photovoltaic (PV) is a
method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current
electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic power
generation employs solar panels composed of a number of solar cells containing a
photovoltaic material. Materials presently used for photovoltaic include silicon.
Solar photovoltaic is growing rapidly, albeit from a small base, to a total global capacity
of 67,400 megawatts (MW) at the end of 2011, representing 0.5% of worldwide
electricity demand. The total power output of the world’s PV capacity run over a
calendar year is equal to some 80 billion kWh of electricity. This is sufficient to cover the
annual power supply needs of over 20 million households in the world.
4.2.3 Concentrated Solar Power (CSP):-
It is a indirect method to convert solar radiations into electricity. Concentrated solar
power (also called concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal, and CSP)
systems use mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal
energy, onto a small area. Electrical power is produced when the concentrated light is
converted to heat, which drives a heat engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an
electrical power generator.

12. CSP is being widely commercialized and the CSP market has seen about 740 MW of
generating capacity added between 2007 and the end of 2010. More than half of this
(about 478 MW) was installed during 2010, bringing the global total to 1095 MW. Spain
added 400 MW in 2010,
4.2.4 Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission:-
The National Solar Mission is a major initiative of the Government of India and State
Governments to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s
energy security challenge. It will also constitute a major contribution by India to the
global effort to meet the challenges of climate change.
4.2.4.1 Objectives and Targets:-
The objective of the National Solar Mission is to establish India as a global leader in
solar energy
Mission targets:-
· To create an enabling policy framework for the deployment of 20,000 MW
of solar power by 2022.
· To ramp up capacity of grid-connected solar power generation to 1000 MW
within three years – by 2013; an additional 3000 MW by 2017 through the
mandatory use of the renewable purchase obligation by utilities backed with a
preferential tariff. This capacity can be more than doubled – reaching
10,000MW installed power by 2017 or more, based on the enhanced and
enabled international finance and technology transfer. The ambitious target
for 2022 of 20,000 MW or more, will be dependent on the ‘learning’ of the first
two phases, which if successful, could lead to conditions of grid-competitive
solar power. The transition could be appropriately up scaled, based on
availability of international finance and technology.

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· To create favourable conditions for solar manufacturing capability, particularly
solar thermal for indigenous production and market leadership.
· To promote programmes for off grid applications, reaching 1000 MW by 2017
and 2000 MW by 2022 .
· To achieve 15 million sq. meters solar thermal collector area by 2017 and 20
million by 2022.
· To deploy 20 million solar lighting systems for rural areas by 2022.
4.2.5 Cost Estimation :-
Economy is the main criteria for any project.But here we are working for our earth and
ourselves. Besides having high cost approx. 15 crore/mw what we are getting is much
higher in return than what we are putting in.Approx. capex requirement for this project is
Rs. 7000crore.

14. National Solar Mission In India
5. Study Results:
According to CERC regulation,” No transmission charges for the use of ISTS

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network shall be charged to solar based generation. This shall be applicable for
the
useful life of the projects commissioned in next three years.”
We have to optimally utilize our resourses. So, a thorough study is required with
reference to Indian context.So,here study of Gujarat having potential of solar power
is given :-
5.1 Study for Solar in Gujarat -
As per the information submitted by the GETCO/GEDA, following renewable
generation capacity addition in Solar is envisaged by 12th plan period.
ResourceExisting (as on Mar’12)Future (by 16-17)TotalSolar60014002000
Out of above 9700 MW renewable capacity, 2000 MW Solar Plants are envisaged to
be primarily concentrated to districts of Kutch (500 MW), Banaskantha (500 MW)
and Patan (550 MW). Further, 7700 MW Wind Farms are envisaged to be located
mainly in districts of Kutch (2800 MW), Jamnagar (1000 MW), Rajkot (1700 MW),
Surendranagr (950 MW), Banaskantha/Patan (1800 MW) as well as Amreli (300
MW).

16. 5.1.1 Scope For Powergrid :-
As per estimates, by 2016-17, capacity requirement to meet its projected RPO
by Gujarat (12%), shall be about 3600 MW whereas RE maximum generation (9700
MW x @70% or 80%) can be about 7000 MW in off peak hours. With this, Gujarat is
projected to be 3400 MW RE Surplus which may be utilized in meeting RPO
requirement of other RE deficit States in demand other than peak period.
GETCO has also submitted proposal for transmission network for Renewable energy
projects in Gujarat to MNRE. Details of such transmission system is as under are
enclosed at:
Transmission System :
400kV transmission line : 440 ckt
220kV transmission line : 1574 ckt km
132kV transmission line : 40 ckt km
Broad Estimated Cost : Rs. 1680.41 Cr
Additionally, GETCO vide letter dated 24.2.12 also informed tentative transmission
scheme for integration of 500 MW Solar Power from Solar Park Phase-II in Distt.
Banaskantha with GETCO network. Details of such transmission system are as
under:-
400kV transmission line : 200 ckt km
New 400/220/66kV S/s : 1 no.
400/220kV Transformation Cap : 630 MVA
220/66kV Transformation Cap : 500 MVA
Both the above transmission system(s) has been considered while carrying out for
base case system studies. However adequacy or requirements of above proposal have
also been assessed while performing studies.

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