This document discusses positioning and brand differentiation strategies. It defines positioning as designing a company's offering and image to have a distinctive place in the target market's mind. It provides examples of value propositions from Volvo and Domino's. It also discusses defining brand associations through points-of-difference and points-of-parity. The document outlines conveying category membership, examples of negatively correlated attributes, and differentiation strategies including through employees, channels, image, and services. It concludes with discussing emotional branding through mystery, sensuality, and intimacy.