Ahmad Shah Sultani presented on cloud computing using the Apache CloudStack open source platform. He discussed the history and characteristics of cloud computing, different service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS), and types of cloud storage. He also explained concepts like virtualization and the benefits of using open source software to build clouds. Sultani demonstrated how to deploy CloudStack on virtualized servers to create a private cloud and manage virtual machines through its web-based user interface.

1. Presented By: Ahmad Shah Sultani
M.Sc. Computer Science
South Asian University
New Delhi, India.
01-12-2014

2. Outline
 Overview of Cloud Computing
 Cloud Computing History
 Characteristics of Cloud
Computing
 Cloud Computing Service
Models
 Types of Cloud Storage
 Virtualization
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Open Source Cloud Computing
 Cloud Stack
 Open Source Cloud Computing
 Open Source Hypervisors
 CloudStack Open Source Cloud
Computing
 Deployment Architecture
 Management Server
 Hypervisor Host
 Installation & Configuration
 Log in UI Access
 Dashboard Screenshots
 Goals
 Conclusion
 References

3. What is Cloud Computing?
“Cloud computing is a style of computing
where massively scalable IT-related
capabilities are provided as a service across the
Internet to multiple external customers”
“Cloud computing: A pool of abstracted, highly
scalable, and managed infrastructure capable of
hosting end-customer applications and billed by
consumption”
“Cloud computing isWeb-based processing, whereby
shared resources, software, and information are provided
to computers and other devices (such as smart phones) on
demand over the Internet.”

4. What is Cloud Computing?
“Cloud computing is a style of computing where
massively scalable IT-related capabilities are
provided as a service across the Internet to
multiple external customers”
“Cloud computing: A pool of abstracted, highly
scalable, and managed infrastructure capable
of hosting end-customer applications and
billed by consumption”
“Cloud computing isWeb-based processing, whereby
shared resources, software, and information are provided
to computers and other devices (such as smart phones) on
demand over the Internet.”

5. What is Cloud Computing?
“Cloud computing is a style of computing where
massively scalable IT-related capabilities are
provided as a service across the Internet to
multiple external customers”
“Cloud computing: A pool of abstracted, highly
scalable, and managed infrastructure capable of
hosting end-customer applications and billed by
consumption”
“Cloud computing isWeb-based processing, whereby
shared resources, software, and information are
provided to computers and other devices (such as
smart phones) on demand over the Internet.”

6. Continued…
 “Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a
new class of network based computing that takes place
over the Internet”
 LEADING FACET OF NETWORKING- CLOUD COMPUTING

7. HISTORY
The general idea behind the technology dates back to the 1960s,
when John McCarthy wrote that “computation may
someday be organized as a public utility.”
Then, grid computing, a concept that originated in the early
1990s as an idea for making computer power as easy to access
as an electric power grid also contributed to cloud
computing.

8. One of the first movers in cloud computing was
Salesforce.com, which in 1999 introduced the concept of
delivering enterprise applications via a simple website.
In 2002 Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing
services like storage, computation and even human
intelligence.
The year 2006 also saw the introduction of Amazon’s Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a
commercial web service that allowed small companies and individuals to rent computers on
which to run their own computer applications.

9. Then came Google Docs in
2006,

10. But 2009 marked a key turning point in the evolution of cloud
computing, with the arrival of browser based cloud enterprise applications,
with the best known being Google Apps Working on Google Chrome.

11. A Golden Era in Computing..
Powerful multi-core
processors
General
purpose
graphic
processors
Superior software
methodologies
Virtualization
leveraging the
powerful hardware
Explosion of
domain
applications
Proliferation
of devices
Wider bandwidth for
communication

12. Characteristics of Clouds
1. On-Demand Self-Service
2. Broad Network Access
3. Resource Pooling
4. Rapid Elasticity
5. Measured Service
6. Per-usage based pricing model
7. IP-based architecture, etc…

13. Cloud Computing Service Models
USER CLOUD a.k.a. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE
Single application, multi-tenancy, network-based, one-to-many delivery of
applications, all users have same access to features.
Examples: Salesforce.com, Google Docs, Red Hat Network/RHEL
DEVELOPMENT CLOUD a.k.a. PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICE
Application developer model, Application deployed to an elastic service that
autoscales, low administrative overhead. No concept of virtual machines or
operating system. Code it and deploy it.
Examples: Google AppEngine, Windows Azure, Rackspace Site, Red Hat
Makara
SYSTEMS CLOUD a.k.a INFRASTRUCTURE-AS-A-SERVICE
Servers and storage are made available in a scalable way over a network.
Examples: EC2,Rackspace CloudFiles, OpenStack, CloudStack,
Eucalyptus, Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud, OpenNebula

15. Software as a Service (SaaS)
 SaaS is a software delivery methodology that
provides licensed multi-tenant access to
software and its functions remotely as a
Web-based service.
Usually billed based on usage
Usually multi tenant environment
 Highly scalable architecture

16. SaaS Examples

17. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 PaaS provides all of the facilities required
to support the complete life cycle of
building and delivering web applications
and services entirely from the Internet.
 Typically applications must be developed
with a particular platform in mind
Multi tenant environments
 Highly scalable multi tier architecture

18. PaaS Examples

19. Infrastructure as a Server (IaaS)
 IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure
as an on demand scalable service
Usually billed based on usage
Usually multi tenant virtualized
environment
 Can be coupled with Managed Services for
OS and application support

20. IaaS Examples

22. Cloud Storage
 Cloud storage means "the storage of data online in
the cloud," wherein a company's data is stored in and
accessible from multiple distributed and connected
resources that comprise a cloud.
 Cloud storage can provide the benefits of greater
accessibility and reliability; rapid deployment; strong
protection for data backup, archival and disaster
recovery purposes; and lower overall storage costs as a
result of not having to purchase, manage and maintain
expensive hardware. However, cloud storage does have the
potential for security and compliance concerns.

23. Types of Cloud Storage
1. Public Cloud
2. Private Cloud
3. Hybrid Cloud

24. Public Cloud
 A form of cloud storage
where the enterprise and
storage service provider are
separate and the data is
stored outside of the
enterprise's data center.

25. Private Cloud
 The phrase used to describe a cloud
computing platform that is implemented
within the corporate firewall, under the
control of the IT department.
 A private cloud is designed to offer the
same features and benefits of public
cloud systems, but removes a number of
objections to the cloud computing
model including control over enterprise
and customer data, worries about
security, and issues connected to
regulatory compliance.

26. Hybrid Cloud
 A combination of public cloud
storage and private cloud storage
where some critical data resides
in the enterprise's private cloud
while other data is stored and
accessible from a public cloud
storage provider.

28. Virtualization
Virtualization is “something which is not REAL, but displays
the full qualities of the REAL”.
Virtualization :
• hardware platform,
• operating system,
• storage device,
• network resources,
• Software implementation.

29. Virtualization
App App App
Operating System
Hardware
Traditional Stack
App App App
OS OS
Hardware
OS
Hypervisor
Virtualized Stack

30. Virtualization
Types of Virtualization
Hardware Virtualization
Desktop Virtualization

31. Virtualization
Hardware virtualization
In hardware virtualization, the host machine is the actual
machine on which the virtualization takes place, and the
guest machine is the virtual machine. The words host and
guest are used to distinguish the software that runs on
the actual machine from the software that runs on the
virtual machine. The software or firmware that creates a
virtual machine on the host hardware is called a
hypervisor or Virtual Machine Manager.

32. Desktop virtualization
Desktop virtualization (sometimes called client
virtualization) is a concept which separates a personal
computer desktop environment from a physical
machine using the client–server model of computing.

34. Trends of Cloud Computing
500
Cloud Storage Subscriber Numbers
625
700
810
1000
1300
1500
1200
900
600
300
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Million
Forecast
Source: Institute of Engineering and Technology, IHS © Graphic News

35. Core Advantages
 Cost saving: You pay for what you use
 Easy on installation and maintenance
 Increased storage
 Highly automated
 Flexibility
 Better mobility
 Shared resources
 Back up and restoration

36. Disadvantages
 Data security and privacy
 Network connectivity and bandwidth
 Service unavailability due to power outage
 Dependence on outside agencies
 Limited flexibility
 Knowledge and integration
 Long term stability of service provider

37. Building Compute Clouds
with Open Source Software

38. Why Open Source?
 User-Driven Solutions to Real Problems
 Lower barrier to participation
 Larger user base, users helping users
 Aggressive release cycles stay current with the state-of-the-art
 Open data, Open standards, Open APIs

39. Open Virtual Machine Formats
Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is an open
standard for packaging and distributing virtual
appliances or more generally software to be run in virtual
machines.
Formats for hypervisors/cloud technologies:
• Amazon - AMI
• KVM – QCOW2
• VMware – VMDK
• Xen – IMG
• VHD – Virtual Hard Disk - Hyper-V

40. Open Source Hypervisors
Open Source
 Xen, Xen Cloud Platform (XCP)
 KVM – Kernel-based Virtualization
 VirtualBox* - Oracle supported Virtualization Solutions
 OpenVZ* - Container-based, Similar to Solaris Containers or BSD Zones
 LXC – User Space chrooted installs
Proprietary
 VMware
 Citrix Xenserver
 Microsoft Hyper-V
 OracleVM (Based on OS Xen)

41. Open Source Compute Clouds
Year Started License Hypervisors
Supported
2008 GPL Xenserver, Xen Cloud
Platform, KVM,
VMware
2006 GPL Xen, KVM, VMware
2010
(Developed by
NASA by Anso
Labs
previously)
Apache VMware ESX and ESXi,
Microsoft Hyper-V, Xen,
KVM and Virtual Box
Other open source compute software include Abiquo, Red Hat’s CloudForms and OpenNebula
Numerous companies are building cloud software on OpenStack including Nebula, Piston Inc., CloudScaling

42. CloudStack Open Source
Cloud Computing
 Apache CloudStack is open source software designed to
deploy and manage large networks of virtual machines, as a
highly available, highly scalable Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS) cloud computing platform.
 CloudStack is used by a number of service providers to
offer public cloud services, and by many companies to
provide an on-premises (private) cloud offering, or as part
of a hybrid cloud solution.
 Provides a friendly Web-based UI for managing the cloud.

43.  CloudStack currently supports the most popular
hypervisors:
 VMware, KVM, XenServer, Xen Cloud Platform (XCP)
and Hyper-V.
 Users can manage their cloud with an easy to use Web
interface, command line tools, and/or a full-featured
RESTful API.
 Apache CloudStack is a mature, turnkey integrated
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Open Source software
platform that allows users to build feature-rich public and
private cloud environments.

44. Choosing a Deployment Architecture

45. Choosing a Deployment Architecture

46. Small Scale CloudStack Deployment
 A firewall provides a connection
to the Internet. The firewall is
configured in NAT mode. The
firewall forwards HTTP requests
and API calls from the Internet
to the Management Server. The
Management Server resides on
the management network.
 A layer-2 switch connects all
physical servers and storage.
 A single NFS server functions as
both the primary and secondary
storage.
 The Management Server is
connected to the management
network.

47. Deployment Architecture Overview
 The minimum installation
consists of one machine
running the CloudStack
Management Server and
another machine to act as the
cloud infrastructure (in this
case, a very simple
infrastructure consisting of
one host running hypervisor
software).
 In its smallest deployment, a
single machine can act as
both the Management Server
and the hypervisor host
(using the KVM hypervisor).

48. Management Server
 Provides the web interface for both the administrator and
end user.
 Provides the API interfaces for both the CloudStack API as
well as the EC2 interface.
 Manages the assignment of guest VMs to a specific
compute resource
 Manages the assignment of public and private IP addresses.
 Allocates storage during the VM instantiation process.
 Manages snapshots, disk images (templates), and ISO
images.
 Provides a single point of configuration for your cloud.

49. Hypervisor Host
 A host is a single computer.
 Hosts provide the
computing resources that
run guest virtual machines.
 Each host has hypervisor
software installed on it to
manage the guest VMs. For
example, a host can be a
Citrix XenServer server, a
Linux KVM-enabled
server, an ESXi server, or a
Windows Hyper-V server.
 For a host to function in
CloudStack, you must do
the following:
 Install hypervisor software
on the host
 Assign an IP address to the
host
 Ensure the host is
connected to the
CloudStack Management
Server.

50. Installation
 Overview of
Installation Steps
 Choosing a Deployment
Architecture
 Choosing a Hypervisor:
Supported Features
 Network Setup
 Storage Setup
 Best Practices
 Minimum System
Requirements
 Management Server,
Database, and Storage
System Requirements
 Host/Hypervisor System
Requirements

51. Management Server Installation
 Prepare the Operating System
 Turn on NTP for time synchronization.
 Install NTP and Turn on NTP for time synchronization.
 Downloading vhd-util
 Installing the required packages
 DEB package repository
 Install the database server
 Set up the database
 Prepare NFS Shares
 Using the Management Server as the NFS Server
 Prepare the System VM Template
 Setup Complition

52. Host Hypervisor Installation and
Configuration
 Prepare the Operating System
 Install NTP and Turn on NTP for time
synchronization.
 Install and configure the Agent
 Configure CPU model for KVM guest
 Install and Configure libvirt
 Configure the Security Policies
 Configure the network bridges
 Configuring the firewall
 Open ports in RHEL/CentOS OR Ubuntu
 Add the host to CloudStack

53. Log In to the UI (User Interface)
 192.168.12.240:8080/client > Ubuntu 14.4
 192.168.12.200:8080/client > CentOS 6.5 Minimal
 192.168.12.199:8080/client > CentOS 6.5 Live

75. Goals
 To Successfully, build the Cloud Platform
 To Analyse the Performance of the different platforms
 To Develop Applications on the cloud.

76. Conclusion
 Cloud Computing is outpacing the IT industry
 Real business value can be realized by customers of all sizes
 Cloud solutions are simple to acquire, don’t require long
term contracts and are easier to scale up and down as
needed
 Proper planning and migration services are needed to
ensure a successful implementation
 Public and Private Clouds can be deployed together to
leverage the best of both
 Third party monitoring services ensure customer are
getting the most out of their cloud environment
 Security Compliance and Monitoring is achievable with
careful planning and analysis

77. References & Useful links
• Apache Cloud Stack: http://cloudstack.apache.org/
• Amazon AWS: http://aws.amazon.com/free/
• AWS Cost Calculator:
http://calculator.s3.amazonaws.com/calc5.html
• Windows Azure: http://www.azurepilot.com/
• Google App Engine (GAE):
http://code.google.com/appengine/docs/whatisgoogleapp
engine.html
• Graph Analytics:
http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~jimmylin/Cloud9/docs/con
tent/Lin_Schatz_MLG2010.pdf
• For miscellaneous information:
http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~bina