contains background,etiology and risk factor, pathogenesis, sign and symptoms, investigation, managment and preventions

1. AINA SYAHIRAH BINTI ALI BADERUDIN
NURUL SYAKIRA BINTI KAMARUDIN
NUR ANIS SYAFIQAH BINTI NORAZLI
HANI IZZATI SYAZA BINTI ISMAIL
NUR ATIKAH AMIRA BINTI RANI
SYPHILIS

2. SYPHILIS
BACKGROUND
 Is a sexually transmitted disease (STD)
 Disease progresses in stages
 May become chronic without treatment

3. ETIOLOGY/
RISK
FACTORS
Caused by
T.pallidum
Spirochete bacterium
Association with HIV
Cannot be viewed by
normal light
microscopy (Darkfield
microscopy)
Syphilitic lesions on
the genitals enhance
HIV transmission
Cannot be cultured in
vitro
Cockscrew-shaped,
motile microaerophilic
bacterium
Spread in utero
after 10th week of
pregnancy

4. PATHOGENESIS
Penetration
• T.pallidum enters the body via skin and mucous
membranes through abrasions during sexual contact
• Transmitted transplacentally from mother to fetus
during pregnancy
Dissemination
• Travels via the circulatory system
• Invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) can
occur during any stage of syphilis.
Etiologic agent: Treponema pallidum

5. SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
1. Primary Syphilis
 Lesion/”chancre”
 What is chancre?
-Progresses from macule to papule to ulcer
-Painless indurated lesion

6. 2. Secondary Syphilis
 Blood-borne bacteria spread to all major organ systems
 Flu-like symptoms
 Mucous patches
 Bilateral symmetric rashes
 Condylomata lata (wart-like lesions)

7. 3. Latent Syphilis
 Immune system is surpressing infection
 Showing no symptoms
4. Tertiary Syphilis
 Untreated patients are lead to the last stage of
syphilis
 Gummatous lesions
 Cardiovascular syphilis

8. INVESTIGATIONS
Clinical history
• History of syphilis
• Known contact to early case of syphilis
Physical Examination
• Oral cavity
• Palms and soles
• Genitalia & perianal area
• Neurologic examination
Laboratory diagnosis
• Identification of T.pallidum in lesion exudates or tissue
• Darkfield microscopy
• Test to detect T.pallidum

9. MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT
Penicillin
Allergic- other oral antibiotics
(Azithromycin)
PREVENTIONS
o Patient counseling and education
o Management of sex partners
o Screening recommendation
o Reporting
MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT &
PREVENTIONS