5. PREGNANCY RISK CATEGORY
• Farmaceutiska Specialiteteri Sverige (FASS) : A,B1,B2,B3,C,D
• The United States Food and Drug Administration ,FDA(US FDA) :
A , B , C , D และ X
• Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) หรือ Therapeutic
Goods Administration (TGA) category : A,B1,B2,B3,C,D และ X
27. ความดันโลหิตสูง
• First line : Methyldopa (B)
• Second line : Hydralazine(C)
• หลีกเลี่ยงการใช้ยากลุ่ม β-blockers ในช่วงไตรมาสแรกและไตรมาสที่
สอง
• ACEIs : การใช้ในหญิงตั้งครรภ์เพิ่มความเสี่ยงในการเกิด major
congenital malformations ไตรมาสแรกจัดเป็น Cat C ไตรมาส 2/3
จัดเป็น Cat D
37. Antibacterials (β-lactam drugs) Pregnancy Risk Category
Amoxicillin B
Amoxicillin+clavulanic (Augmentin®) B
Ampicillin B
Ampicillin sodium + Sulbactam (Unasyn®) B
Cloxacillin B
Cephalexine B
Cefazolin B
Cefuroxime (Zinnat ®) B
Ceftazidime B
38. Antibacterials (β-lactam drugs) Pregnancy Risk Category
Ceftriaxone B
Cefdinir (Omnicef®) B
Cefditoren (Meiact®) B
Cefixime (cefspan®) B
Cefoperazone + sulbactam (sulperazone®) B
Imipenem + cilastatin (Tienam®) c
Meropenem (Meronem) ® B
Ertapenem (Invanz®) B
39. Quinolone Pregnancy Risk Category
Norfloxacin C
,
Ciprofloxacin C
Ofloxacin C
Levofloxacin (Cravit®) C
Moxifloxacin (Avelox®) C
Macrolide Pregnancy Risk Category
Erythromycin B
Roxithromycin (Rulid®) B
Clarithromycin (Klacid®, Crixan®) C
Azithromycin (Zithromax®) B
40. Other antibacterial Pregnancy Risk Category
Tetracyclin D
Doxycyclin D
Clindamycin (Dalacin C®) B
Metronidazole (Flagyl®) B
Chloramphenicol C
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim®) C
Aminoglycoside Pregnancy Risk Category
Gentamycin C
Amikacin D
Netilmycin D
Streptomycin D
Neomycin C
41. Antiviral drugs Pregnancy Risk Category
Acyclovir B
Valacyclovir B
Ganciclovir C
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) C
Antifungal drugs Pregnancy Risk Category
Itraconazole (Sporal®) C
Fluconazole (Diflucan®) C
Ketoconazole C
Clotrimazole V.T (Fungiderm®)B/C(Troches) C
Griseofulvin C
Nystatin C
42. Anthelminthics Pregnancy Risk Category
Albendazole C
Mebendazole C
Praziquantel B
Analgesics Pregnancy Risk Category
Paracetamol B
Morphine C
Pethidine (prolonged use or high doses at term) C/D
Tramadol (Tramal®) C
43. Antimigraine Pregnancy Risk Category
Ergotamine (Cafergot®) X
Zolmitriptan(Zomig®) C
Antiallergics and drugs used in anaphylaxis Pregnancy Risk Category
Dexamethasone C
Hydrocortisone C
Prednisolone (prolong use) C/D
44. Antihistamine Pregnancy Risk Category
Chlorpheniramine (CPM) B
Diphenhydramine(Benadryl®) B
Hydroxyzine (Atarax®) C
Doxepine (Sinequan®) C
Cetirizine (Zyrtec®) B
Loratadine (Clarityne®) B
Desloratadine (Aerius®) C
Fexofenadine (Telfast®) C
Triprolidine/Pseudoephedrine(Actifed®) C/C
45. Antitussives ; Expectorants Pregnancy Risk Category
Acetylcysteine (Fluimucil®, Mysoven®, Nac long®) B
Codeine/Guaifenesin (Ropect®) C/C
Dextromethorphan (Romilar®) C
Bromhexine(Bisolvon®) B
Carbosysteine (Flemex®) B
Antiasthmatic drugs Pregnancy Risk Category
Salbutamol (Ventolin®) C
Theophylline (Theo-dur®) C
Procaterol hydrochloride
C
(Meptin)-Salmeterol + fluticasone (Seretide®)
Montelukast sodium (Singulair®) B
46. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
(NSAIDs)
Pregnancy Risk Category
Diclofenac (Votaren®) B
Ibuprofen (Brufen®) B/ D(in 3rd trimester or near delivery)
Mefenamic (Ponstan®) C/ D(in 3rd trimester or near delivery)
Meloxicam (Mobic®) C/ D(in 3rd trimester or near delivery)
Piroxicam (Feldene®,Brexin®) C/ D(in 3rd trimester or near delivery)
Naproxen (Synflex®) C/ D(in 3rd trimester or near delivery)
Indomethacin(Indocid®) B/ D (3rd trimester)
Sulindac (Clinoril®) B/D(in 3rd trimester or near delivery)
Celecoxib (Celebrex®) C
Parecoxib (Dynastat®) C
47. Dyspepsia Pregnancy Risk Category
Alum milk (Aluminium + magnesium) C
Cimetidine B
Simeticone (Air-x®) C
Ranitidine B
Esomeprazole (Nexium®) B
Pantoprazole (Controloc®) B
Lantoprazole (Prevacid®) B
Rabeprazole (Pariet®) B
Omeprazole(Miracid®) C
Sucrafate B
48. Anti-emetic Pregnancy Risk Category
Dimenhydrinate B
Domperidone (Motilium M®) C
Metoclopramide (Plasil®) B
Ondansetron (Onsia®) B
Hyoscine (Buscopan®) C
Anti –Diarrheals Pregnancy Risk Category
Loperamide(Imodium®) B
Diphenoxylate/atropine(Lomotil®) C/C
Activated charcoal (Ultracarbon®) C
Dioctahedral smectite (Smectra®) สามารถใช้ในหญิงตั้งครรภ์ได้ ยาไม่
ดูดซึมเข้าสู่กระแสเลือด
49. Antispasmodics Pregnancy Risk Category
Hyoscine-N-butylbromide (Buscopan) C
Mebeverine(Colofac) B
Flavoxate (Urispas) B
50. Laxatives Pregnancy Risk Category=
1.Bulk-forming laxative
Psyllium (Mucillin®)
B
Macrogol (Forlax®)
C
2.Stimulant
Senna (Senokot®)
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax®)
Castor oil (น้า มันละหุ่ง)
C
B/C
3.Osmotic laxatives
Glycerin suppositories
Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of magnesia®)
Lactulose (Duphalac®)
C
B
B
4.Lubricants
Mineral oil (Liquid paraffin) B
5.Stool softener
Docusate sodium C
51. Tranquilizers Pregnancy Risk Category
Diazepam D
Alprazolam (Xanax®) D
Clonazepam (Rivotril®) D
Anticonvulsants/Antiepileptics Pregnancy Risk Category
Phenobarbital D
Phenytoin (Dilantin®) D
Valproic acid (Depakin®) D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol®) D
Gabapentin (Neurontin®) C
52. Antidepression Pregnancy Risk Category
Amitriptyline C
Doxepin (Sinequan®) C
Duloxetine (Cymbalta®) C
Fluoxetine (Prozac®) C
NortriptylineCSertraline (Zoloft®) C
Venlafaxine (Efexor XR®) C